트리암시놀론아세토나이드 함유 구강점막 필름제의 제제설계 및 평가

이계주,박종범,신광현,이덕근,황성주 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1999 藥學論文集 Vol.15 No.-

To design and evaluate the double-layered mucoadhesive film preparation for the treatment of aphthous stomatitis, the film consisting of an adhesive layer containing triamcinolone acetonide and impermeable protective layer was prepared by a solvent-casting evaporation technique and subsequent drying. The polymers, Polycarbophil®, Carbopol®, CMC and gelatin, swell appoximately 2 times its volume in 30 minutes when added to water. In vitro adhesive time was longer than 8hrs and adhesive force was 177-482g/㎤. The diffusion rate of triamcinolone acetonide from film was faster than that of commercial tablet but slower than that of the film. the effect of plasticizer on the protective layer showed that the more amount of plasticizer, the greater elongation, the lesser tensile strength. The stability of drug in the film revealed that no significant reduction in the content of triamcinolone acetonide during a period of six months at room temperature and 40℃ 75% RH. Drug deposit amount permeated through hsmster cheek pouch mucosa from film was greater than that of control film and tablet. In human oral mucosa, adhesive time was between 2.38∼2.83hrs. The adhesive feeling to the human muoscal membrane of sample was better than compared with commercial film and tablet.

A NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR ADVECTION-DISPERSION IN HETEROGENEOUS SUBSURFACE FORMATIONS

이승희,주현종 경기대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

Monte Carlo 방법으로 형성된 불균일성 지하토양의 모형을 통하여 유해폐기물에 대한 차수층(Confining Layers)에서의 이류-분산(Advection-Dispersion)을 조사하였다. 차수층에 대한 지하토양은 순수한 사암(Sandstone)관 순수한 혈암(shale)으로 구성된 임의의 이항 구조로 가정하여 모델을 형성하였다. 차수층은 주로 혈암으로 구성되어 있기 때문에 불균일성 차수층에서의 혈암분률을 0.66. 0.7, 0.8, 0.88로 하여 수치모사를 하였다. 미국 EPA에 의해 심정분산 시스템에서 규정된 10,000년 동안 유해폐기물 소멸과 이동의 조사를 위해 형성된 차수층에서의 유해폐기물의 농도분포는 정상상태의 흐름과 이류-분산 식을 통한 유한요소모델에 의해 결과를 얻었다. 이류-분산(Advection-Dispersion)모델과 확산(Diffusion)모델과의 차이는 시간이 경과하면서 증가되었다. 혈암의 비율이 증가함에 따라 이류(Advection)가 감소되기 때문에 혈암분율이 증가할수록 이 차이는 감소하였다. 불균일성 차수층에서의 수착(Sorption)은 혈암에서만 일어난다고 가정하였음에도 불구하고 오염물질일 acrylonitrile을 지연시켰다. 그러므로 사암과 혈암으로 구성된 지하토양에서의 이류-분산은 높은 혈암분율에서 혈암의 지질, 물리학적 특성값에 의해 지배받는다는 것을 입증하였다. 평균 유효확산계수를 사용한 일차원 확산의 해는 수치모사의 평균농도결과와 아주 잘 일치하였다. 이류-분산에 대하여 평균 유효투수계와 평균 유효확산계수를 분리하여 평가한 결과는 이러한 특성값들의 복합효과를 고려하지 않았다(즉, 혈암에서는 낮은 투수계와 낮은 유효확산 계수를 나타낸다). 이류-분산에서의 실제 특성값은 직접적으로 농도결과로부터 최화적 방법에 의해 얻어졌다. 이러한 실제 특성값은 평균 특성값 보다 작고, 실제 특성값과 평균 특성값의 차이는 혈암분율이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 그러므로 평균 유효계수들을 독립적으로 사용하여 2차원의 불균일성 지하토양에서 얻은 오염물질의 농도 분포는 불균일성 지하토양에서 실제 유효계수를 사용한 농도분포보다 과대하게 평가되었다. The advection-dispersion of hazardous waste was investigated through a hypothetical heterogeneous subsurface formation for confining layers which was generated by using a Monte Carlo technique. The subsurface formation was modeled as a combination of binomial random structures composed of either pure sand or pure shale. Since there are usually high shale fractions in confining layers, shale fractions in the heterogeneous formation of 0.66, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.88 are used in numerical simulation. The requirement of 10,000 year in EPA proposed regulation demands models to project the fate and transport of the wastes over this time period. The concentration profile of each hypothetical confining layers is obtained by solving the steady-state subaurface flow and advection-dispersion equation via a finite element method. Comparison between an advection-dispersion model and a diffusion model showed differences that increased with time. This difference decreased as shale fraction increased because advection decreased with increasing shale fraction. Sorption in the heterogeneous confining layers retarded a model compound, acrylonitrile, despite the assumption that sorption only occurred in shale zones. Hence, it proved that advection-dispersion through sand-shale formation was dominated by the geophysical properties of shale regions in higher shale fractions. The one-dimensional analytical solution for diffusion only using the expected effective diffusivity quite well with the mean concentration of the results from numerical simulations. For advection-dispersion, the separated estimations of the expected effective permeability and the expected effective diffusivity do not take into account the combined effect of in these paramerters (i.e. sllale zones exhibit both low hydraulic conductivity and low effective diffusivity). The estimated parameters for advection-dispersion problem were directly estimated from the concentration results using an optimization method. These estimated parameters were less then the expected parameters, and the differences between the expected and the estimated parameters were decreased with increasing shale fraction. Hence, the contaminant concentration profile using independently the expected effective parameters that were obtained from the heterogeneous subsurface system overestimated the results of numerical simulations for two-dimensional heterogeneous systems.

뇌수막종에 대한 고식적 방사선 치료 : 7예 치험보고 Experience of 7 Cases

이창훈,윤상민,이승훈,김종현 대한신경외과학회 1995 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.24 No.12

Meningiomas had long been considered radioresistant and therefore the role of radiation therapy in its treatment remains controversial. Lately, however, most of the retrospective analysis of meningiomas indicates that radiation therapy does show some degree of beneficial effects not only for malignant but also for benign meningiomas with the advanced technology and increased amount of radiation therapy, the rate of growth of tumor had been successfully slowed and local recurrence rate is also reduced following subtotal resection. We have performed conventional high dose radiation therapy on 7 cases of meningiomas (four cases of meningotheliomatous meningiomas, and three cases of malignant meningiomas). Of the 7 cases, the residual mass of 6 had decreased in size and neurological improvement was also evident. However, the 7th case resulted in complicated hydrocephalus. These cases are presented and the effect of conventional radiation therapy is discussed together with the review of literatures.

국소치료용 구강점막패취의 제제설계 및 약제학적 특성

이계주,서현주,이덕근,박종범,신광현,황성주 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1998 藥學論文集 Vol.14 No.-

In order to ameliorate disadvantages of buccal ointments and mucoadhesive tablets used for the treatment of aphthosis. a thin mucoadhesive patch containing triamcinolone acetonide was designed and evaluated for the pharmaceutical properties. The adhesive gel layer consisting of Noveon AA-1, hydroxypropylcellulose-M and ethylcellulose N 100, and the protective gel layer of ethylcellulose N 100. Eudragit RSPO and castor oil have been formulated and various properties such as viscosity of drug gel layer, thickness, in vitro adhesion time, adhesive strength, surface pH, content uniformity and drug release are tested. The mean viscosity of drug-containing gel layer was found to increase with increasing amount of noveon ^?AA-1 or hydroxypropylcellulose-M. The optimum formulation showed the thickness of 171 ㎛, surface pH of 4.6. in vitro adhesion time of 8 hours and adhesive strength of 272.7 g/sheet. The drug content of each patch was relatively homogeneous with the value of 273±6.77 g. drug release study showed that compared to mucoadhesive tablet, the patch showed a faster drug release. Drug release was delayed by hydroxypropylcellulose-M, but not by ethylcellulose N 100. The patches prepared were nonirritant and the muco adhesion was better than the commercial product (Aftach?) on the market. Based on these results, this mucoadhesive patch is expected to be an effective dosage form for the treatment of aphthosis.

우리나라 개방형 통화수요함수의 추정

이현재,김종구 淸州大學校 産業經營硏究所 2002 産業經營硏究 Vol.25 No.2

Tertiary Treatment with Stored Substrate Induced SBR System

이승희,주현종 경기대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

A bench scale SBR system was operated to treat septic wastewater for both organics and nitrogen removal. Due to the inherent characteristics of collected septic wastes from urban household, transient response strong SBR application showed many advantages such as in handling extraordinarily high ammonia wastes. With proper cyclic control strategy organic removal over 80% with the rate 7.2 mg COD/mg MLVSS/d, nitrification over 95% with the rate 0.018 mg NH_(3)-N/mg MLVSS/d, and during anoxic cycle denitrification over 42% with the rate 0.035 mg NO_(3)-N/mg MLVSS/d were attained. Among many unique features to the conventional completely mixed system SBR under study could achieve denitrification without exogenous substrate sources. By applying relatively short period of fill time bacterial substrate storage could be induced and this stored substrate was utilized as endogenous substrate sources by microorganisms under anoxic condition provided.

실험적 백서 9L Gliosarcoma 뇌종양 모델 개발

김종현,이승훈,이창훈,윤상민 대한신경외과학회 1995 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.24 No.5

Experimental brain tumor model is essential for the development of new therapeutic modalities of brain tumors and evaluation of efficacy of each therapeutic variety. Authors developed experimental rat brain tumor model with 9L and C6 cell line in Fisher rat using stereotactic method. We tried to determine the tumor occurrence rate, the ideal time for secondary experiment using this brain tumor model. and the duration between the onset of neurological signs and the time of expiration. We performed autoradiography for each cell line to evaluate the reliance of the tumor model. We could make good tumor model in all the cases of experiment and expect to use it in another extension of experiment.

L. acidophilus 145 균주의 콜레스테롤 저하 효과

김종현,이영환 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 1999 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.34 No.-

L. acidophilus 145 균주에 의한 콜레스테롤 assimilation은 0.4% oxgal 농도에서 가장 높은 assimilation정도를 나타내었으며, 이때의 콜레스테롤 저하정도는 약56%이었다. 초음파 파쇄에 대한 균주 저항성은 oxgal 및 cholesterol을 포함하는 배지에서 성장한 균주가 초음파 파쇄에 대한 저항성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, TLC 결과 콜레스테롤이 대사 되었다는 증거는 관찰되지 않았다. 요구르트 제조 시, 40℃에서 배양 6시간 후부터 커드 형성이 시작되었으며, 이때의 pH는 3.9,산도는 1.3%이었다. 발효유를 급여하지 않은 군을 대조군으로 하고 급여한 군을 실험군으로 하여 2주 간격으로 rabbit의 혈액을 채취한 후 total cholesterol, LDL, HDL의 함량을 측정한 결과, 10주 후부터 대조군과 실험군 사이에 콜레스테록 저하효과가 관찰되었다. The degree of assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacillus acidophilus 145 was higher at concentration of 0.4% oxgal than other concentration. At this time, level of cholesterol-lowering was about 56% The L acidophilus 145 grown in the presence of cholesterol and oxgal was more resistant to lysis by sonication than grown in their absence. As result of TLC, we did not find the evidence that cholesterol assimilated by L. acidophilus 145 was metabolically degraded. When the yogurt was made by L. acidophilus 145, the curd was formated after 6 hours at 40℃. At that time, pH was 3.9 and acidity was 1.3%. Total cholesterol, LDL and HDS of the rabbits fed with fermented milk showed an effect on lowering the levels of cholesterol in the rabbit compared to the control after 10 weeks.

L. acidophilus 145 균주의 이화학적 특성 및 생육촉지물질의 효과

김종현,이영환 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 1999 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.34 No.-

L. acidophilus 145 균주의 최적 성장 배지 및 배양 온도는 MRS 배지 및 37℃이었으며, pH 1.5, 2.0, 그리고 3.0에서의 생균수는 각각 1.0x10², 5.1x10³, 그리고 7.6x106이었다. L. acidophilus 145 균주의 내담즙성을 조사하기 위하여 0.1, 0.3, 그리고 0.5%의 oxgal이 첨가된 인산나트륨 완충 용액에서 1.5시간 간격으로 처리하였을 때, 초기에 모든 oxgal 농도에서 생균수가 급격히 감소하였으나 1.5시간 이 후에는 유지되는 형태를 보였다. 요구르트 제조의 최적 배양 온도 및 시간은 40℃에서 8시간이었으며 이때의 pH는 4.0이었고, 산도는 1.1%, 그리고 유산균수는 4.2x10107FU/㎖이었다. 또한 완충능은 HCl 11.4㎖, NaOH 11.9㎖로 나타났다. 생육촉진물질 중 yeast extract와 Bios 2000을 각각 첨가하였을 때, pH 저하 및 산 생성효과가 가장 놓았으며, 이때의 acetic acid 및 lactic acid의 함량이 가장 많았고, 반면 citric acid의 함량이 가장 적었다. The optimum growth media and temperature of the L. acidophilus 145 were MRS medilum and 37℃. And the visible cell count at pH 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 were 1.0x10², 5.1x10³ and 7.6x106, respectively. We investigated the tolerance of the L. acidophilus 145 against 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% oxgal for 1.5 hours interval. At the beginning, viable cell count was rapidly decreased at all concentration of oxgal, but it has been maintained after 1.5 hours. The optimum temperature for manufacture of yogurt by L. acidophilus 145 was 40℃, and incubation time was for 8 hours. At this time, pH, acidity and viable cell count were observed 4.0, 1.1% and 4.2x107CFU/㎖, respectively. The buffer capacity against HCI and NaOH were evaluated 11.4㎖ and 11.9㎖. When the yeast extract and the Bios 2000 were added to yogurt as the growth promoting materials, acid production and lowering pH value were more enhanced.

재발한 희돌기 교세포종에 대한 BCNU-CDDP 연속정주 화학요법

윤상민,이창훈,이승훈,송재욱,김종현 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.3

Eight patients with recurrent oligodendroglioma were treated with 1.3-bis(2-chloroethyl) nitrosourea(BCNU) and CDDP continuous infusion chemotherapy. They were 5 with benign oligodendrogliomas and 3 with anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. All the recurrent tumors had been treated with surgery and radiotherapy. Four patients had already received chemotherapy with ACNU. Seven of them showed response to continuous infusion chemotherapy. The time from the response to progression was 15 to 67 weeks. No severe complication of the chemotherapy was found. In conclusion, BCNU-CDDP continuous infusion chemotherapy is an effective treatment modality in recurrent oligodendrogliomas.