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Rafiq, Muhammad,Saleem, Muhammad,Hanif, Muhammad,Maqsood, Muhammad Rizwan,Rama, Nasim Hasan,Lee, Ki-Hwan,Seo, Sung-Yum Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.12
A series of aromatic hydrazides 3a-j were prepared by refluxing esters 2a-j with hydrazine hydrate in methanol, which were prepared by the esterification of 1a-j. Acetohydrazides 3a-j upon treatment with carbon disulfide and methanolic potassium hydroxide yielded potassium dithiocarbazate salts 4a-j, which on refluxing with hydrazine hydrate yielded substituted 4-amino-5-aryl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones 5a-j. The target compounds 6a-j were synthesized by condensing furan-3-carboxylic acid in the presence of polyphosphoric acid under reflux. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectrometric studies. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their urease, acetylcholine esterase inhibition, antioxidant and alkaline phosphatase inhibition activity. Almost all of the compounds 6a-j showed good to excellent activities against urease and acetylcholine esterase more than the reference drugs. Compounds 6f and 6g were more potent scavenger of free radicals than the reference n-propyl gallate. Compound 6b and 6h showed excellent activities of alkaline phosphatase as compare to the reference $KH_2PO_4$.
Muhammad Rafiq,Muhammad Saleem,Muhammad Hanif,Sung Kwon Kang,SungYum Seo,Ki-Hwan Lee 대한약학회 2016 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.39 No.2
In this study, a series of ten triazole Schiff base derivatives 6a–j were synthesized through microwave assisted imine formation by reacting substituted amino triazole 5 with different substituted aldehydes. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase. Two of the compounds 6a and 6b among the series 6a–j were found to be highly potent tyrosinase inhibitors with IC50 values of 10.09 ± 1.03 and 6.23 ± 0.85 lM, respectively, which were even higher than that of the reference inhibitor kojic acid (IC50 = 16.6 ± 2.8 lM). Compounds 6e and 6f with IC50 values of 20.27 ± 2.78 and 26.02 ± 4.14 lM, respectively, were comparable to the reference inhibitor, and the remaining compounds had a moderate inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase. The most potent compounds (6a, 6b) were used in the kinetic and optical analyses. The inhibition kinetics analyzed with Lineweaver– Burk plots revealed that both compounds 6a and 6b were non-competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase with inhibition constant values of 0.023 and 0.022 mM, respectively.
Muhammad Rizwan Maqsood,Muhammad Hanif,Muhammad Rafiq,Muhammad Saleem,Sumera Zaib,Aftab Ahmed Khan,Mazhar Iqbal,Jamshed Iqbal,Nasim Hasan Rama,서승염,Ki-Hwan Lee 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.12
The target compounds 6-11a-e were synthesized by condensing 4-amino-5-aryl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones 5a-f with various aromatic carboxylic acids in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectrometric studies. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity. Almost all the tested compounds were potent against four different strains of bacteria when compared with that of reference drug ciprofloxacin. Compounds 6c, 6e, 8d, 9b, 9e, 11a and 11b showed nearly equal or lower MIC values than standard drug, against all four tested bacterial strains but rest of the compounds showed excellent antibacterial activities.
Muhammad Rafiq,Muhammad Saleem,Muhammad Hanif,Muhammad Rizwan Maqsood,Nasim Hasan Rama,Ki-Hwan Lee,서승염 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.12
A series of aromatic hydrazides 3a-j were prepared by refluxing esters 2a-j with hydrazine hydrate in methanol, which were prepared by the esterification of 1a-j. Acetohydrazides 3a-j upon treatment with carbon disulfide and methanolic potassium hydroxide yielded potassium dithiocarbazate salts 4a-j, which on refluxing with hydrazine hydrate yielded substituted 4-amino-5-aryl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones 5a-j. The target compounds 6a-j were synthesized by condensing furan-3-carboxylic acid in the presence of polyphosphoric acid under reflux. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectrometric studies. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their urease, acetylcholine esterase inhibition, antioxidant and alkaline phosphatase inhibition activity. Almost all of the compounds 6a-j showed good to excellent activities against urease and acetylcholine esterase more than the reference drugs. Compounds 6f and 6g were more potent scavenger of free radicals than the reference n-propyl gallate. Compound 6b and 6h showed excellent activities of alkaline phosphatase as compare to the reference KH2PO4.
Aslam, Muhammad,Ahmad, Rizwan,Yasin, Muhammad,Khan, Asim Laeeq,Shahid, Muhammad Kashif,Hossain, Shakhawat,Khan, Zakir,Jamil, Farrukh,Rafiq, Sikander,Bilad, Muhammad Roil,Kim, Jeonghwan,Kumar, Gopalakr Elsevier 2018 Bioresource technology Vol.269 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Biohydrogen as one of the most appealing energy vector for the future represents attractive avenue in alternative energy research. Recently, variety of biohydrogen production pathways has been suggested to improve the key features of the process. Nevertheless, researches are still needed to overcome remaining barriers to practical applications such as low yields and production rates. Considering practicality aspects, this review emphasized on anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) for biological hydrogen production. Recent advances and emerging issues associated with biohydrogen generation in AnMBR technology are critically discussed. Several techniques are highlighted that are aimed at overcoming these barriers. Moreover, environmental and economical potentials along with future research perspectives are addressed to drive biohydrogen technology towards practicality and economical-feasibility.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Anaerobic membrane bioreactor technology for biohydrogen production is overviewed. </LI> <LI> Enhancement of biohydrogen yield and generation rates via various strategies is discussed. </LI> <LI> Techno-economic and environmental impacts of this approach are addressed. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
MAJEED, Muhammad Kashif,JUN, Ji Cheng,ZIA-UR-REHMAN, Muhammad,MOHSIN, Muhammad,RAFIQ, Muhammad Zeeshan Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.4
The main objective of this research is to investigate the impact of board size and board composition on financial performance of banks. The sample of this study consists on two countries listed bank sector Pakistan and China. The annul data is used from 2009-2018 to find the objective of this study. The Panel regression model is used to check the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Return on Asset and Return on Equity is used as performance checker dependent variables. The results of this study confirm board size coefficient value positive for ROA and negative for ROE but shows insignificant behavior for Pakistani banking sector while in Chinese banking sector the coefficient value of board size positively for ROA and ROE at 10% level. The board composition coefficient shows the negatively significant with ROA but insignificantly related to ROE for Pakistani banking sector. However, in Chinese banking sector the coefficient value of board composition is insignificant for both ROA and ROE. This study is helpful for banks, management of banks, policy makers, researcher as well as Government.
Maqsood, Muhammad Rizwan,Hanif, Muhammad,Rafiq, Muhammad,Saleem, Muhammad,Zaib, Sumera,Khan, Aftab Ahmed,Iqbal, Mazhar,Iqbal, Jamshed,Rama, Nasim Hasan,Seo, Sung-Yum,Lee, Ki-Hwan Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.12
The target compounds 6-11a-e were synthesized by condensing 4-amino-5-aryl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones 5a-f with various aromatic carboxylic acids in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectrometric studies. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity. Almost all the tested compounds were potent against four different strains of bacteria when compared with that of reference drug ciprofloxacin. Compounds 6c, 6e, 8d, 9b, 9e, 11a and 11b showed nearly equal or lower MIC values than standard drug, against all four tested bacterial strains but rest of the compounds showed excellent antibacterial activities.
Muhammad Saleem,Muhammad Rafiq,Muhammad Hanif,Nasim Hasan Rama,Sung-Yum Seo,Ki-Hwan Lee 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.8
A new series of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 6a-i was synthesized by overnight stirring various 1,4- disubstituted thiosemicarbazides 5a-i in polyphosphoric acid followed by neutralization. The structures of newly synthesized compounds 5a-i and 6a-i were characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectrometric studies. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their urease and acetylcholine esterase inhibition activities. Thiosemicarbazides 5a-i are found to possess excellent potential for urease inhibition, more than the standard drug. Thiosemicarbazides 5a-i are more potent urease inhibitor than their cyclic analogues thiadiazoles 6a-i. Almost all of the compounds are excellent inhibitors of acetylcholine esterase. The inhibition of acetylcholine esterase of compounds 5a, 5c, 5d, 5g, 5i, 6e, 6f, 6g, and 6i is much more than that of standard drug.
Distributed SDN Based Network State Aware Architecture for Flying Ad-hoc Network
Muhammad Saqib,Asif Mehmood,Adeel Rafiq,Afaq Muhammad,Wang-Cheol SONG 한국통신학회 2020 한국통신학회 APNOMS Vol.2020 No.09
Flying networks are resource constraints while the nature of nodes’ mobility is very dynamic and unpredicted. Therefore, these networks are very prone to link failure and performance degradation. By considering the existing limitations, this work proposes a new approach consists of proactive and reactive network failure mitigation techniques that have been named as a hybrid approach. In the proposed architecture, the SDN controllers are distributed where each one controls its local domain nodes. The controller node continuously monitors the network state information and proactively adjusts the near-future changes to the topology. Each local domain also contains a sink node that directly connects to the controller. The sink node is used to forward the network state information to the controller and keep the controller defined flow rules for local domain nodes. The sink node can also request a new path in case of any link failure or any topology updates cause by nodes’ movement. Besides, a distributed routing protocol also runs on domain nodes to establish connectivity toward the sink node.