서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

地域經濟活性化를 위한 農村市場開發에 관한 硏究 : 忠南 禮山地域市場을 中心으로

尹畯相,李武鉉,申尹撤,洪性贊,朴奉圭 公州大學校 産業開發硏究所 1994 産業開發硏究 Vol.2 No.-

Since the first year economic development plan, imblanced development of national territory during the economic development process has aggravated remarkable disparity between urban and rural areas. For this reason, this study introduced the development of rural market as one of the development strategies of regional economic to correct the imblance and relieve regional disparity. The purpose of this study were to look into the present situation of traditional rural market and to analyze the problems for the rural development in view of the current road situations in the rural areas and status of marketing facilities in market center and to measure the degree of rural area people's satisfaction to the rural market and to suggest the development plan of activating for rural market center. To collect data, the Yesan Gun rural market were selected and a total of 591 residents and 178 merchants were sampled as final subjects of survey. Interview and/or questionnaire method was the main method of data collection. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) The population of Yesan Gun has decreased 2.85 persons per year from in 1984, but the number of vehicles were increased 2.85 times than in 1989. And the parking capacity of Yesan Eup was only 129 vehicles which were below of the total vehicles of Yesan Gun area (14,352). The number of Yesan area markets were 8 markets which consisted of 1 permanent market and 7 periodic markets. But as the economy has been developed, the conditions of rural markets have been changing. That is, the role of periodic market tends to be weakened with the growth of large cities, reinforcement of permanent markets, development of traffic facilities, large production, preferring high quality goods. 3) Generally, the people of Yesan Gun were attached for purchasing the necessaries of life and comodities and farming materials to ① Yesan Eup ② Seoul ③ Chonan Shi ④ Hongsung gun ⑤ Daejeon Shi. 4) The degree of community people's satisfaction to the town market presented 26.6% which meaned higher than dissatisfaction(9.5%). And the degree of people's inconvenience of accessibility to market center by transferring of bus terminal presented 64.2% which meaned higher than average. 5) The degree of people's dissatisfaction of traffic system in Yesan gun area presented followings: the road networks(61.5%), parking facility(68%), bus route(54%). 6) By the survey of merchants of Yesan gun area, on the average, it showed followings: the size of store was 6-10 pyeong(40%), the type of enterprise was retail dealer(70.9%), and purchasing place was wholesale dealer from Seoul(51.8%). 7) And they thought that Yesan town market were too small(70.8%), and the diversifying of goods was not enough(35.5%). 8) The merchants of Yesan area showed that the degree of into venience to traffic system was 72.7% and its to parking facility was 83.3%. And they complained that community administration agency have not tried to activate market(79.1%). Based on the results of this study, the following recommendation were made for activating regional economy and community market. That is, it is to strengthen the economic function in community market so as to suffice the economic and social activities for settlement area as their living space. And it is necessary to improve the interrelationship of the central functions. 1) So, the accessibility between market center and its surrounding areas must be rised. ① the enforcing preferentially to pave the bus terminal and market center to link two place. ② the running of shuttle-bus two place every regular market day. ③ the widening and connecting the road to rise accessibility between market center and its surrounding area. ④ the enforcement of parking facility around market center. ⑤ the constructing marketing centered area as intergrated body of various marketing facilities in the adjacent site is the centered area planned to achieve efficient marketing. 2) The modernization and specialization market center facilities. 3) The strengthening of drawing surrounding area people into Yesan market center. So, the following recommended: ① the development of special products market ② inducing special projects ③ the development tour and leisure course drawing industrial facilities. 4) And it needs to enforce community people's local patriotism and to support community markets by administration agency.

구리-니켈 박막의 열전능 특성

朴奉斗,韓聖愚,尹志洪 慶北大學校 産業開發硏究所 1979 硏究報告 Vol.7 No.-

Cu-Ni thin films deposited on the glass by the vacuum evaporation method containing various concentrations of Cu have been studied its thermoelectricpower and electromotive force in the temperature range of 25―220℃. The thermoelectromotive force of pure Ni depends on the thickness of films to 1800, A° but Cu_0.8 Ni_0.2 to 1600A°. Cu―Ni films containing 15,20,25% of Cu were observed the effect of magnetic disorder. The variation of thermoelectricpower appeared in variious concentrations of Cu, its maximum value is 40μV in 45% of Cu. The linear dependence of thermoelectricpower on the temperature showed from 50% to 90% at concentration of Cu.

Water Dropper의 靜電氣特性

朴奉斗,尹志洪,韓聖愚 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1978 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.2 No.-

Quantitative analysis of the static electricity charged on the water dropper has been performed with an electrometer and recorder. Experiments were carried out over various parameters such as nozzle diameter, water pressure, different kinds of liquids and temperature with time. The accumulated charge on the cans of the water dropper was related to the size of nozzle outlet and hydrostatic pressure, but were independent of the temperature of liquids. There was no charge, of course, on the nonpolarized molecules such as C_6H_6, CCl_4, and kerosen fuel.

콘크리트 교량 및 강교의 상시감시 시스템에 관한 연구(Ⅰ)

박승범,홍석주,이봉춘 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.13 No.1

The construction of large scale civil and building structures which form the base of social economy has been grown greatly. As the increasing of aged and deteriorated structure, it is necessary to evaluate the safety of those structures. The deterioration, safety evaluation repair and rehabilitation are important problems in the construction area that every country faces. This paper presents the general information on how to conduct a data analysis of long-term monitoring system and evaluate the characteristics of surveying methods.

Photodetector 용 GaAs MESFET의 최적설계에 관한 연구

洪淳錫,朴奉任 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 産業技術 Vol.11 No.-

In this paper, in order to analyze the optical response for the buried gate type GaAs MESFET photodetector, we derived the total sheet charge density at every channel position. In solving the carrier continuity equation under illumination, we divided the channel region into the depletion and neutral regions. In the depletion region, we considered the drift current only and used the suggested average value for the vertical electric field. While in the neutral region,we neglected the drift current component and suggested some boundary conditions.

영동지역 주요 3개 하천의 수질실태 및 관리에 관한 연구

박광하,민선홍,최봉종,전방욱 강릉대학교동해안지역연구소 1994 東海岸硏究 Vol.5 No.1

영동지방의 주요 3개 하천의 수질을 조사하고 QUAL-2E 모델을 적용하여 보았다. 강릉남대천은 각 수질항목에서 시기별, 정점별로 큰 차이를 보였으며, 일반적으로 상류의 수질은 하류로 갈수록 생활오수의 유입으로 수질이 악화되는 전형적인 양상을 나타내었다. 양양남대천은 강릉남대천 및 삼척오십천에 비하여 시기별 변이폭이 좁았으며 각 정점별의 수질도 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 삼척오십천은 시기별보다는 정점별 수질차이가 크게 나타났으며 오염된 상류의 수질이 자정작용에 의하여 개선되다가 다시 생활오수의 유입으로 인하여 악화되는 특이한 양상을 보였다. 모델링 결과 하천의 유속, 유량등의 실측 자료가 부족함에도 불구하고 강릉남대천과 양양남대천은 실측치와 예상치가 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 또한 이 모델을 사용하여 강릉남대천의 수질예측을 시도하였다. The water quality was monitored and QUAL-2E modelling was applied in three main stream of Youngdong area. Kangnung Namdaecheon was shown to be a typical stream that the downstream water quality was worse than in the upperstream. Water quality of Yangyang Namdaecheon was better than that of Kangnung Namdaecheon and Samchuk Osipcheon. The spatial variation of water quality was greater than the temporal variation in Samchuk Osipcheon: the polluted upperstream water got better in the midstream, but got worse gain in the downstream. Despite of the lack of suitable measurement data, Kangnung Namdaecheon and Ynagyang Namdaecheon showed good relationship between measured and obtained data: however Samchuk Osipcheon, which had many point sources and much pollution load, showed poor relationship. Based on this model, future water quality of Kangnung Namdaecheon was prospected.

도시 거주 노인 수면 습관 및 불면증상의 요인 : 인구학적,질병 및 정신증상의 관련성

홍진표,안준호,윤영국,박종익,이소영,함봉진,김장규,한오수,조맹제 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6

연구목적 : 본 연구는 국내 노인의 습관을 조사하고 불면 증상과 연관 있는 인구학적, 질병학적 요인을 알고자 했다. 방 법 : 1997년 12월부터 1998년 1월까지 약 1개월에 걸쳐 2단계 층화집락표본추출의 역학조사법을 통해 선정된 3개 4개동 거주의 만 65세 이상 노인을 대상으로 수행되었다. 대상자 중 723명에서 등답을 받았으며 응답률은 73.8였다. 대학생인 설문조사요원들을 훈련시킨 뒤, 이들로 하여금 대상지역의 노인거주가정을 방문하여 개개 노인을 대상으로 반구조화된 면담으로 수면습관 및 불면증상 설문을 실시하였으며 그 외 한국어판 노인정신장애평가척도, 삶의 질 척도를 이용한 설문조사와 과거 질병력을 청취조사하게 하였다. 결 과 : 국내 노인들은 평균 오후 10시 16분에 자리에 누워 오전 5시22분에 일어나서 총 7시간 6분의 수면시간을 보였다. 노인의 11.7%가 거의 매일 밤 불면증을 14.8%가 간헐적 불면증을 호소하였다. 남자에서는 연령이 증가할수록 침상에 누워있는 시간이 증가하고, 또, 입면시까지 소요되는 시간과 수면 중의 각성회수가 증가되었으나 여성에서는 명확하지 않았다. 단변수 분석에서 요통, 중풍 병력의 환자에서 불면증상이 심했다. 다변량분석 결과 불면 증상과 관련 깊은 요인으로 남자에게서는 고령과 우울증상이 여자에게서는 남자의 위험요인에다 신체통증과 피부병력이 추가로 관련이 있었다. 결 론 : 지역 거주 노인에서 불면 증상은 매우 흔한 증상이며 우울증상과 명확한 상관관계를 보이고 있었다. 불면증을 극복하기 위해 불면증 위험요인의 인과관계에 대한 추후 연구가 필요하다. Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze sleep habit and investigate the association between insomnia and demographic, health and psycho-behavioral symptomatology in Korean urban elderly Method : A total of 723 community residents aged 65 years or older were surveyed by two stage, random cluster sampling method. The response rate was 76.2%. Interviewers performed door to door visits and administered a questionnaire about sleep, past medical history, and several scales as the Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale(PAS), the short form Quality of Life Scale (SF-36) and etc. Results : The mean scores are as follows : retiring time was ten-sixteen p.m., wake-up time was five twenty two a.m., duration of sleep was seven hours and six minutes. Among the elderly, 11.6% and 14.8% of the subjects reported chronic and intermittent difficulty in sleeping, respectively. The patients with back pain and history of stroke complained of more insomnia symptoms in univariate analysis. In ANCOVA analysis, insomnia symptoms were associated with an old age, depressive symptoms in male. Bodily pain and history of dermatologic disease were additional risk factors in female. Conclusions : The data suggest insomnia is one of most common health problems among elderly Koreans living in the community. Strong positive relationship between depressive symptoms and insomnia were found. Further research is needed to explore the causal relationship between insomnia and risk factors.

열처리된 AgInS₂박막의 defect 연구

박창선,김봉재,홍광준 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2002 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.24 No.1

AgInS₂단결정 박막은 수평 전기로에서 합성한 AgInS₂다결정을 증발원으로하여, hot wall epitaxy(HWE) 방법으로 증발원과 기판(반절연성-GaAs(100))의 온도를 각각 680℃, 410℃로 고정하여 단결정 박막을 성장하였다. 이때 단결정 박막의 결정성은 광발광 스펙트럼과 이중결정 X-선 요동곡선(DCRC)으로부터 구하였다. Hall 효과는 van der Pauw 방법에 의해 측정되었으며, 293K에서 운반자 농도와 이동도는 각각 9.35×10^(16)/㎤, 294 ㎠/V·s였다. 또한 광흡수 spectra에서 energy band gap의 온도 의존성 E_(g)(T)는 2.3165eV-(9.89×10_(-3)eV/K)T² / (T+2930K)임을 확인하였다. 성장된 AgInS₂단결정 박막을 Ag, S, In 분위기에 열처리하여 10K에서 photoluminescience(PL) spectra를 측정하여 점 결함의 기원을 알아보았다. PL 측정으로부터 얻어진 V_(Ag), Vs, Ag_(int), 그리고 S_(int)는 주개와 받개로 분류되어졌다. AgInS₂단결정 박막을 S분위기에서 열처리하면 p형으로 변환됨을 알 수 있었고, In 분위기에서 열처리하면 열처리 이전의 PL spectra를 보이고 있어서 I₂, I₁ 및 S, A emission에 의한 PL peak에는 영향을 주지 않는다고 보았다. A stoichiometric mixture of evaporating materials for AgInS₂single crystal thin films was prepared from horizontal furnace. To obtain the single crystal thin films, AgInS₂ mixed crystal was deposited on thoroughly etched semi-insulating GaAs(100) substrate by the Hot Wall Epitaxy(HWE) system. Temperature of the source and substrate were 680℃ and 410℃, respectively. The crystalline structure of the single crystal thin films was investigated by the photoluminescence and double crystal X-ray diffraction (DCXD). The carrier density and mobility of AgInS₂single crystal thin films measured from Hall effect by van der Pauw method are 9.35×10^(16)cm^(-3) and 294 cm²/V·s at 293 K, respectively. From the optical absorption measurement, the temperature dependence of the energy band gap bn-AgInSz single crystal thin films was found to be E_(g)(T) = 2.1365 eV - (9.89 x10^(-3) eV) T²/(2930 + T). After the as-grown AgInS₂single crystal thin films was annealed in Ag-, S-, and In-atmospheres, the origin of point defects of AgInS₂single crystal thin films has been investigated by using the photoluminescence(PL) at 10 K. The native defects of V_(Ag), Vs, Ag_(int), and S_(int) obtained from PL measurements were classified as a donors or acceptors type. And we concluded that the heat-treatment in the S-atmosphere converted AgInS₂single crystal thin films to an optical p-type. Also, we confirmed that In in AgInS₂/GaAs did not form the native defects because In in AgInS₂single crystal thin films did exist in the form of stable bonds.

Zn-Sb 薄膜의 熱電能特性

朴奉斗,尹志洪 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1980 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

An investigation of the thermoelectric power of ZnSb and its thin films has been made in the temperature range between 300˚K and about 800˚K. The general method of measure ment is the determination, through thermocouple readings, of the ration ΔE/ΔT, where ΔE is the thermal emf measured between two points in the sample having a temperature difference ΔT. The thermoelectric power is varied with the temperature of the sample. The thermoelectric power of the ZnSb thin film has maxinum value at 600˚K.