Electropulsing Treatment on Enhancement of Electrical Conductivity of Screen-Printed Ag Wire

Ju‑Won Park,Howook Choi,Hwangsun Kim,Simoon Sung,Hye‑Jin Jeong,Il Kim,Jaeseok Gong,Sung‑Tae Hong,Heung Nam Han 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.5

The effect of high electric current density on the sintering of Ag wires manufactured by screen printing is evaluated throughelectrical resistivity analysis and microstructure observation. Different forms (continuous and pulsed) of electric currentwith different current densities are applied to the specimens. Conventional heat treatment is also performed as a controlgroup to examine the athermal effect of electropulsing treatment. Compared to the conventional heat treatment, the resistivityis reduced more under the electropulsing treatment with continuous current for the same temperature and treatment time.Also, the process time of electropulsing treatment can be reduced by applying a pulse form of high density current insteadof continuous current without losing the benefit of enhanced reduction of resistivity. The microstructural observationsobtained from high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope and a digital precession instrumentclearly show that necking connecting the crystals is formed more firmly under electric current. In addition, the temperaturechange of Ag wire and substrate is calculated according to the change of the resistivity when the electric current is appliedto confirm the reliability.

부산지역 청년들의 부산에 대한 인식 : 청년 정책을 위한 함의

남성주(외 2명) 신라대학교 부산학연구센터 2016 부산연구 Vol.14 No.-

이 연구는 부산지역 거주 청년 500명을 대상으로 부산시에 대한 인식을 조사하였다. 조사결과 일자리 문제를 제외하고 응답자들은 부산에 대해 대체로 긍정적인 평가를 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 부산의 미래에 대해 낙관적인 기대를 가지고 있었다. 다만 서부산권 거주자들의 만족도가 동부산권 거주자들에 비해 상대적으로 낮았다. 설문조사 결과를 토대로 정책적 함의를 논의 하였다.

저강도 자전거에르고미터 운동프로그램이 혈장지질 농도에 미치는 영향

성봉주,남형천,김상우 한국학교체육학회 2001 한국학교 체육학회지 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 8주간의 저강도 자전거 에르고미터 운동프로그램이 혈중지질(TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, TC/ HDL-D에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 있다. 연구의 대상자는 서울시 K대 여자학생 중 각종 질병이 없고, 건강 상태가 양호한 16명을 무작위 표집하고, 두 집단으로 구분하였다 · 실험집단(8명), 통제집단(8명). 실험전 실험집단의 최대심박수를 측정하기 위하여 Bruce Protocol로 운동부하 검사를 실시하였다. 혈액검사는 훈련 전과 훈련 4주 후, 훈련 8주 후에 전완 정맥에서 채혈하였다. 실험집단의 운동프로그램은 (1) 운동강도와 기간은 각자의 60%HRmax인 저강도로 주 3회, (2) 운동시간은 20분부터 시작하고 2주마다 10분씩 증가, (3) 운동기간은 8주. 자료 분석은 두 집단과 처치기간에 따른 실험변인(TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, C-Ratio)에 미치는 반응을 검증하기 위해 2(실험 집단, 통제 집단)×3(훈련 전, 훈련 4주 후, 훈련 8주 후) 반복적 측정의 이원 변량분석 및 두 집단간의 독립적 그룹의 T-test, 각 집단의 처치기간별 반복적 측정의 일원 변량분석을 실시하였다 유의수준은 5%로 하였다. 이러한 절차로부터 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 두 집단간 처치기간별 TC수준의 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 또한 각 집단의 처치기간별 TC수준에서 실험집단은 유의한 감소를 보이지는 못했다. 통제집단은 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 두 집단간 처치기간별 LDL-C수준의 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 또한 각 집단의 처치기간별 LDL-C 수준에서 실험집단은 훈련 전과 훈련 4주 후에 유의하게 감소하였다. 통제집단은 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 두 집단간 처치기간별 HDL-C수준의 차이는 훈련 전에는 유의하지 않았으나 훈련 4주 후와 훈련 8주 후에서는 유의하게 나타났다. 또한 실험집단의 처치기간별 HDL-C수준에서 유의한 증가를 보이지는 못했다. 통제집단은 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 넷째, 두 집단간 처치기간별 TG수준의 차이는 유의하게 나타나지 않았다. 또한 실험집단의 처치기간별 TG수준에서 유의한 감소를 보이지는 못했다. 통제집단은 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 다섯째, 두 집단간 처치기간별 C-Ratio수준의 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 또한 실험집단의 처치기간별 C-Ratio수준에서 유의한 감소를 보이지는 못했다. 통제집단은 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않다. 이상과 같은 결과를 종합해보면 저강도 자전거에르고미터 운동프로그램도 일반 여자대학생들의 혈장지질농도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 그러나 콜레스테롤 대사의 전반적 향상을 위해서는 자전거에르고미터의 운동강도를 높이거나 운동기간을 늘여야 할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of low intensity bicycle ergometer exercise program on blood lipid. The subject of this study, 16 fㄷmale university students in Seoul who are health, and have no diseases, are randomly sampled and divided into two groups : experimental group(n=8), and control group (n=8). Pre-test is done the exercise load to measure for HRmax of experimental group using Bruce protocol. I gather blood from antecubital vein of experimental group for blood test at three times, just before test, after 4 week exercise and 8 week exercise. The experimental group takes bicycle ergometer training on these conditions: (1) exercise three times in a week at low intensity of 60^ HRmax, (2) Increase time in 10 Min. at every two weeks, (3) group was trained for 8 weeks. I use statistical techniques for data analysis, 2*3 repeated measure two way ANOVA to determine the differences between tow groups and training times, independent group T-test to determine the differences between two groups, and repeated measure one way ANOVA for training time. The 5% level of significance is utilized. The following results are obtained this study; First, the TC levels of two groups are not significantly different in the training period. Although TC level of experimental goop decrease in after-exercise (4 week, 8 week) to comparison with TC level of before-exercise, it is not significant decrease. And it was no significant difference in control group. Second, the LDL-C levels of two groups are not significantly different in the training period. The LDL-C level of experimental group decreased in after-exercise (4 week, 8 week) in comparison with before-exercise. Specially it decrease significant after 4 week exercise. And it is no significant difference in control group. Third, the HDL-C levels of two groups are not signif4cantly different before exercise, but are significant different after exercise (4 week, 8 week). Although the HDL-C level of the experimental group decrease in after-exercise (4 week, 8 week), but it is not significant decrease. And it is not significant difference in control group. Fourth, the TG levels of tow groups are not significantly different during training period. Although the TG level of experimental group decrease in after-exercise(4 week, 8 week) in comparison with before-exercise, but it is not significant decrease. And it is no significant difference in control group. Fifth, the C-Ratio levels of tow groups are not significantly different during training period. Although the C-Ratio level of experimental group decrease in after-exercise(4 week, 8 week) in comparison with before- exercise, but it is not significant decrease. And it is no significant difference in control group. From the result, because the low intensity bicycle ergometer exercise program effect blood lipids of the female university students, it will contribute for improving health and the prevention adult disease. Synthesizing all the results, low intensity bicycle ergometer exercise program had a positive effect on LDL-C, HDL-C. From the results, Furthermore, In order to maximize the effect of training. it will be better to increase the period of exercise.

도재소부용 금합금에서 주석, 동의 첨가가 도재계면의 특성에 미치는 영향

남상용,곽동주 대구보건대학 2003 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

This study was performed to obersered the compositions of oxide on the surface of dental porcelain gold alloy with various Tin and Copper addtions according to the degassing and analysing the change composition of additional elements Sn, Cu on diffusion behaviors of porcelain-metal surfaces. To investigate the micrstructure of oxidized alloy surface, EDAX and EPMA were used to investigate the diffusion behaviors of porcelain-metal surfaces. X-ray diffraction were used to observe the morphological changes in the oxidation zone. Te results of this study were obtained as follows: 1) The Tin oxidation increased with increasing Tin contents after heat treatment. Diffusion of Tin element increased with increasing tin contents in metal-porcelain sulface after heat treatment. 2) The Copper oxidation and diffusion not increased with increasing cpooer contents. 3) The oxidations of alloy surface were mainly SnO_(2) and CuO.

흰쥐의 신경병증성 통증에 대한경피신경전기자극과 미세전류신경근자극

이윤주,이충휘,조상현,임중우,남택상 大韓再活醫學會 1999 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.23 No.3

세그멘트 폴리우레탄 우레아에 기초한 블렌드계 고체전해질의 분자운동성과 이온 전도성

이상걸,이갑열,조남주 부산대학교 생산기술연구소 2000 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.59 No.-

순수 고체 전해질과 겔형 고분자 전해질의 장점을 취합한 새로운 형태의 블렌드계 고체 전해질을 제조할 목적으로, 현재 유기 가소제로 널리 쓰이는 ethylene carbonate(EC), propylene carbonate(PC) 대신 실온에서 휘발성이 낮은 저분자량의 polyethylene g1ycol(PEG) 및 polyethylene glycol dimethylether(PEGDME)를 사용하였다. 또한, 고분자 매트릭스로는 지지체 역할 뿐만 아니라 염과의 복합체를 형성할 수 있도록 soft segment에 PEO/PPO 공중합체를, hard segment urea기를 도입한 세그멘트 폴리우레탄 우레아(segmented polyurethane urea, SPUU)를 사용하였다. 제조된 SPUU팀에 휘발성이 낮은 저분자량의 PEC 및 PEGDME와 리튬염을 부가하여 solution casting법으로 블렌드계 고체 전해질을 제조한 다음 교류 임피던스법으로 이온 전도도를 측정하였다. 이때 이온 전도도는 PEO 및 PEGDME의 분자량 및 함량에 의존함을 관찰할 수 있었다. In order to prepare a new blend-type electrolyte possessing the merits of both an intrinsic polymer electrolyte and gel-electrolyte, we report on a class of nonvolatile (dry) polymer electrolyte, prepared by plasticizing a segmented polyurethaneurea (SPUU) with solution of lithium salt in oligomeric poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ethers (PEGDME). SPUU having PEO/PPO copo1ymer in soft segment and urethanerurea group in hard segment was used in order to prepare a mechanically stable blend-type electrolyte for for improving the affinity between PEC or PEGDME and matrix. and the ionic conductivity was measured by AC impedance spectroscopy. As a result, it was observed that the ionic conductivity depended on the molecular weight and contents of PEC and PEGDME.

간 세포암에서 VEGF, TGF-β1, b-FGF 발현의 의의

김성용,남충현,주종우,채만규,백무준,이문수,김형철,안현철,김홍수,김창진,김창호 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: Angiogenesis is important for the proliferation and the metastasis of solid tumors. The growth of a solid tumor is widely recognized to depend on the process of neovascularrozation. Without angiogenesis, tumors cease to grow beyond even a few milimeters in diameter. It has been shown that tumor vascular density is an independent prognostic marker in several types of human tumors and is known to correlate with poor prognosis. To date, many angiogenic factors have been identified, such as transforming growth factor-α(TGF-α), transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor family(FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor(PD-ECGF), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and angiogenin. Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the second most common tumor in Korean males and is known as a typical hypervascular tumor with frequent portal vein invastion. The authors identified the expreesion of VEGF, TGF-β1, and b-FGF in HCC specimens and evaluated the relationship between these growth factors and the clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC. Method: We reviewed the medical records of 30 patients who were diagnosed as hepatocellular carinoma treated with hepatic resection between January 1994 and December 1998 in Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital. The selection of the cases was decided according to the condition of paraffin block fixation. The prognostic factors such as age, sex, tumor size, concentration of serum α-fetoprotein, presence of liver cirrhosis, presence of tumor emboli in portal vein, TMN stage, amount of transfusion during the operation, hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, and Edmonson-Steiner(E-S) grade were investigated. Relationship between the prognostic factors and the immunopathologic expression of the TGF-β1, b-FGF, and VEGF was examined. Result: Thirty patients (24 males, 6 females) were included in the current study. The patient's mean age was 50.6 years and the age ranged from 36 to 65 years. The mean size of the tumor was found to be 5.2cm. All the patients were follewed up for 7 to 63 months. Child's classification A patients were 23(76.7%)cases, B patients were 7(23.3%)cases, and C was none. Immunohistochemical staining of HCC tumor mass in VEGF expression patients were 17(56.7%), b-FGF expression patients were 10(33.3%), and TGF-β1 expression patients were 10(33.3%). VEGF expression or more than one positive expression among the three factors correlated with tumor size and the stage of HCC but did not correlated with other clinicopathological characteristics. TGF-β1 and b-FGF did not correlate with any clinicopathological characteristics. Conclusion: The results suggest that the expression of VEGF or more than one positive expression among the three factors in HCC cells may be a significant prognostic factor of HCC.

메칠트리에톡시실란과 페닐트리에톡시실란으로 만들어진 콜로이드상 실리카 코팅의 표면 및 광학적 성질

이만성,조남주 부산대학교 생산기술연구소 2000 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.59 No.-

투명 플라스틱의 내 마모성을 향상시키고 특히 소재와의 굴절률의 차이에 기인한 간섭 현상 등을 최소화하여 보다 우수한 광학적 특성을 가진 하드 코팅제를 제조하기 위하여 유기물로서 methyl triethoxy silane(MTES)과 phenyl triethoxy silane(PTES)을 병용하고 무기물로서 colloidal silica를 사용하며 유-무기 복합 코팅제를 sol-gel 법에 의해 합성하였으며, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)판에 코팅된 도막의 표면 및 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. 무기 실리카에 MTES와 PTES를 결합시킨 경우 도막 표면의 거칠기가 현저히 감소하였다. 코팅된 PMMA 판의 내 마모성은 유기 실란의 양이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 굴절율은 PTES의 양이 증가할수록 서서히 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 사용된 경화 촉매인 tetramethyl ammoniumformate는 소재와 코팅 도막을 매우 효율적으로 결합시켜 좋은 접착력을 나타내었다. Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) sheets were coated with silica coatings by the sol-gel method, and their abrasion resistance, optical and surface characteristics were evaluated. Methyl triethoxy silane (MTES), phenyl triethoxy silane(PTES) and colloidal silica were used for the rotating agent. The addition of MTES and PTES to colloidal silica enabled the formation of coatings with very smooth surface. The abrasion resistance of PMMA sheet coated with silica coaling agent increased PMMA sheet slightly increased with the increase with the ratio of PTES. The addition of a curing catalyst, tetramethylammoniumformate, was found to be very effective to increase the adhesion strength of the foaling agent to the substrates.

불소 바니쉬가 인공 우식 병소의 발생에 미치는 영향

조난주,이상호,이난영 大韓小兒齒科學會 2007 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.34 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 법랑질 시편에 수종의 불소 제재를 도포한 후 우식 예방 효과를 광밀도 및 미세경도 측정을 통해 평가하는 것이다. 소의 절치를 이용하여 80개의 법랑질 시편을 제작하고 각 군당 20개씩, 네 군으로 나누었다. I군은 대조군으로서 아무런 처치도 하지 않았고 II군은 acidulated phosphate fluoride(APF) ge1(60 seconds taste^(??), PASCAL, USA)을 4분간 적용한 후 수세하였다. III군은 Fluor Protector^(??) (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein)를 IV군은 CavityShied™(Omnii Pharmaceuticals, USA)를 1분간 도포하고 증류수에 보관한 뒤 24시간 후 부드러운 모를 가진 칫솔을 이용하여 칫솔질하였다. 각 시편을 인공우식용액에 48시간동안 침잠시켜 인공우식병소를 유발한 후 광밀도를 컴퓨터 영상분석 프로그램으로 분석하고 표면미세경도를 측정하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 광밀도는 APF gel을 도포한 II군에 비해 불소 바니쉬를 도포한 III, IV군이 높았으나(p<0.05) III군과 IV군 사이의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2. 표면미세경도는 IV군, III군, II군, I군의 순으로 높았다(p<0.05). 3. CavityShield™개를 도포한 IV군과 Fluor Protector^(??)를 도포한 III군은 광밀도에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 표면미세경도는 IV군이 III군보다 유의하게 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 불소 바니쉬가 APF gel에 비해 법랑질 탈회 억제 효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 임상적용의 용이성과 안전성을 고려할 때 불소 바니쉬의 사용이 영유아나 장애인에게 유용할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluonde varnish on prevention of enamel demineralization. Eighty bovine enamel blocks were divided randomly into 4 groups of 20 specimens: Group I served as the control with no topical application of fluoride. Group II was treated with APF gel for 4 minutes. Group III was treated with Fluor Protector^(??). Group IV was treated with CavityShield™. After 24 hours of treatment, samples were brushed with a soft bristled tooth brush to stimulate normal mechanical wear of varnish. Early caries lesions were produced by placing each specimen into demineralization solution at pH 4.0 for 48 hours. Then the optical density of the lesions was measured by light fluorescence induced by plasma light and the surface microhardness were measured by the vicker' s hardness test. The results were as follows: 1. The optical densities of group III, IV were significantly higher than that of group II, but no significant difference was noted between group III and IV. 2. The surface microhardness of group IV was the highest, followed by group III, II, and I(p<0.05). 3. There were no significant differences between group III and IV in optical density. However, the surface microhardness of group IV was significantly higher than that of group III. The results of present study indicate that the fluoride varnish is more effective than APF gel for prevention of dental caries.

세그멘트 폴리우레탄 우레아에 기초한 순수 고체전해질의 이온 전도성

이상걸,조남주 부산대학교 생산기술연구소 2000 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.59 No.-

4,4'-methylene - bis(phenyl isocyanate), ethylene diamine과 poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)/poly( propylene oxide)(PPO)(Mw~1000, 2440, 3400)의 공중합체로 세그멘트 폴리우레탄 우레아(SPUU)를 하였다. 전해질은 용액 법으로 필름을 형성시켜 제조하였다. 고분자전해질 필름의 이온 전도도는 Pt 전극을 사용하여 교류 임피던스로 측정하였다. 이들 고분자전해질은 실온에서 높은 전도도를 보였으며, lithium perchlorate를 약 20%(w/w) 함유한 고분자전해질이 가장 우수하여 실온에서 3.1×10-5s/cm 가 나왔다. 이들 복합체의 이온 전도도는 온도에 대해 Arrhenius형태를 따르는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과는 용매가 포함되지 않는 고분자 전해질로서 SPUU의 가능성을 제시하고 있다. Various types of segmented poly(urethane urea)s(SPUUs) were synthesized from 4,4-metylene-bis(phenyl isocyanate), ethylene diamine, and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/poly(polypropylene oxide) (PPO) copolymer with molecular weights of 1000, 2440 and 3400. The films of electrolyte were prepared by the solution casting method. Ionic conductivity measurements were carried out on thin film of the polymer electrolytes that had been contacted with Pt electrode assembly using conventional AC impedance spectroscopy. These polymer electrolytes showed inherently high ionic conductivity at room temperature. The optimum concentration of lithium perchlorate was about 20%(w/w). resulting in an ionic conductivity of about 3.1 × 10-5S/cm at room temperature. The ionic conductivity of these complexe was found to show the Arrhenius tripe temperature dependence. These results indicate that prepared SPUUs electrolytes are promising candidates for the development of polymeric solvent-free electrolyte.