정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

질석을 이용한 음식물 쓰레기의 퇴비화

강헌찬,조명호 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1994 硏究報告 Vol.18 No.2

Recently disposal of the garbage is getting attention as one of the most serious problems in the communites. A study has been attempted to use the garbage to make the organic fertilizer using vermiculite, which results not only effecive disposal of the garbage but also enormous economic production. 1) The garbage contains NaCl much higher than the night soil. 2) The garbage used the vermiculite as an additive and fertilized with micro-organism didn't smell stinking and the fermentation rate of it was faster than the others. 3) pH had been increased because the Ammonia(NH₃) was produced by the micro-organism reaction, activated from eluting Calcuim(Ca) and Magnesuim(Mg) in vermiculite at pH 3. 4) It has been confirmed that the compound of garbage with vermiculite could be transformed into very good compound organic fertilizer.

무우의 種子生産에 미치는 肥種 및 施肥量의 影響

姜虛聲,李政明 경희대학교 부설 식량자원개발연구소 1988 硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.-

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of kind and amount of fertilizer application on the growth and seed yield in two radish cultivars. The growth and seed yield were markedly increased by nitrogen application but reduced by higher application of potassium. Phosphorus, mixed with the pot soil prior to transplating, had little effect on the shoot weight and seed yield in 'Jinjudaepyung' radish. Fertilization of Hyponex promoted the shoot growth, resulting in lower silique wt.-to-shoot wt. ratio in 'Jinjudaepyung' radish on which fertilization treatments were commenced from the early seedling stage, but had little effect in 'Daehyungchusuk' radish on which fertilization treatments were commenced from the bolting stage. Highly significant positive correlations were found between the seed yield vs. silique no. and seed yield vs. no. of seeds per silique. Number of seeds per silique was increased by the application of urea as compared with the control in 'Jinjudaepyung' radish. Seed quality as well as the seed germination of 'Jinjudaepyung' was not markedly influenced by fertilizer treatments even though the seed compactness appeared to be improved by the phosphorus fertilization. Seed germination was not influenced by the fertilizer treatments given to the mother plants even though seedling vigor of 'Daehyungchusuk' radish appeared to be increased by urea application.

통신망의 효율적 통합관리를 위한 예비비트 활용방안

강양구,김명조,이성로,김경호 木浦大學校 應用科學硏究院 2001 應用科學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

In this paper, a new method for improve the performance of was presented. This method based on the use of an idle overhead in the TCP/IP protocol that used in syhchronous network structure of TMN system. Two type of modeling methodes were executed to show the performance improvements. First, it materializes the functions of the network condition scan and the remote control login. Second, this paper shows the control of a subsystem by the convert process of protocol which uses a signal conversion.

감마선과 Methyl Bromide 처리가 사과의 생리화학적 품질에 미치는 영향

강호진,정헌식,조덕조,변명우,최성진,최종욱,권중호 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2003 Food Science and Preservation Vol.10 No.3

감마선(0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 kGy) 조사와 methyl bromide(MeBr, 26 g/㎏, 4hr) 훈증 및 이들의 처리시기가 사과의 생리화학적 품질특성에 영향을 비교하여, 검역처리를 위한 ◁그림 삽입▷ (원문을 참조하세요) 감마선 조사의 응용성을 검토하였다. 감마선과 MeBr 처리에 따른 사과의 생리화학적 품질평가에서 2kGy 이상의 감마선 조사와 MeBr 훈증은 사과의 일부 생리화학적 품질특성의 변화를 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 감마선과 MeBr의 처리시기별로는 수확 직후보다는 저온(0℃)에서 40일 정도 보관 후 처리한 대체적으로 품질손상이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 1kGy 이하의 감마선 조사와 지연조사는 사과 과실의 품질을 비교적 양호한 상태로 유지할 수 있어 검역처리 기술로 활용성이 있는 것으로 생각된다. 'Fuji' apples were treated by gamma irradiation (0∼3 kGy) or methyl bromide fumigation at commercial conditions (MeBr, 25 g/㎏, 4 hr) for quarantine purpose at two different treatment timing after harvest and stored under air a 0℃ for 4 months. Associated with the treatment timing of irradiation or fumigation, after 40 days of storage at 0℃ following harvest was more adequate than immediately after harvest in keeping qualities of stored apples. However, more than 2 kGy irradiation and MeBr fumigation were detrimental to physiological and chemical qualities of the fruits. These results show that less than 1 kGy irradiation at the delayed timing has a possibility to be applied as a quarantine procedure without significant changes in the quality of apples.

무우의 種子生産에 미치는 肥種 및 施肥量의 影響

姜虎聲,李政明 慶熙大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of kind and amount of fertilizer application on the growth and seed yield in two radish cultivars. The growth and seed yield were markedly increased by nitrogen application but reduced by higher application of potassium. Phosphorus, mixed with the pot soil prior to transplating, had little effect on the shoot weight and seed yield in ‘Jinjudaepyung’radish. Fertilization of Hyponex promoted the shoot growth, resulting in lower silique wt. -to-shoot wt. -to-shoot wt. ratio in ‘Jinjudaepyung’radish on which fertilization treatments were commenced from the early seedling stage, but had little effect in ‘Daehyungchusuk’radish on which fertilization treatments were commenced from the bolting stage. Highly significant positive correlations were found between the seed yield vs. silique no. and seed yield vs. no. of seeds per silique. Number of seeds per silique was increased by the application of urea as compared with the control in ‘Jinjudaepyung’radish. Seed quality as well as the seed germination of ‘Jinjudaepyung’was not markedly influenced by fertilizer treatments even though the seed compactness appeared to be improved by the phosphorus ferilization. Seed germination was not influenced by the fertilizer treatments given to the mother plants even though seedling vigor of ‘Daehyungchusuk’radish appeared to be increased by urea application.

추출방법과 감마선 조사에 따른 귤피 추출물 생리활성의 변화

강호진,조철훈,김덕진,서재수,변명우 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2003 Food Science and Preservation Vol.10 No.3

가공 과정에서 대량 발생하는 폐기물 중 하나인 귤피를 천연 기능성 소재로 개발하기 위한 기초자료를 마련하고자 추출방법을 달리한 귤피 추출물의 생리활성을 확인하였다. 또한 감마선 조사에 의한 귤피 추출물의 생리활성 변화에 관하여도 관찰하였다. 정치추출의 경우 열수추출에 비해 초기 L^(*)값이 낮은 반면 a^(*)값과 b^(*)값이 높았으나 저장기간 또는 감마선 조사에 의해 차이가 없어졌으며, 감마선 조사선량의 증가에 따라 귤피추출액의 L^(*)값과 a^(*)값은 증가하였으며, b^(*)값은 감소하였다. 전자공여능, tyrosinase 저해효과, mitrite 소거능은 감마선 조사에 의해 영향을 받지 않았으나 저장기간 동안 이러한 생리활성이 감소함을 확인하였다. 또한 추출방법(열수 vs 정치)에 따른 귤피 추출물의 생리활성에 영향을 주지 않음을 확인하였다. 그러므로 경제적인 추출방법을 선택한다면 감귤가공후 폐자원인 귤피를 다양한 용도의 기능성 소재로 활용할 수 있다고 판단된다. Citrus peel extract was prepared using 70% ethanol solution by two extraction conditions (20℃ for 72 hours and 85℃ for 3 hours). The effect of gamma-irradiation on the changes of physiological activity also investigated at 0, 5, 10 and 20 kGy of absorbed does. Color characteristics, DPPH radical scavenging, tyrosinase inhibition and nitrite scavenging activities of the extracts were measured at 4℃ for 30 days. Color values were different by extraction methods at the initial stage, which heat-extracted sample had lower L^(*)- but higher a^(8)- and b^(8)-values than those extracted at room temperature. Irradiation changed color of the extract lighter by increasing Hunter color L^(8)- and a^(*)-values. DPPH radical scavenging, tyrosinase inhibition and nitrite scavenging activities were not affected by either extraction methods or irradiation but significantly reduced by storage time. Therefore, when the cost-effective extraction methods is selected, the citrus peel extracts, which is a major byproduct in citrus processing, could be used as a functional material in various applications.

사연 및 동판저수지의 식물성 플랑크톤에 관한 연구

강현무,박시섭,이상명,조현아,이진우,이호원 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 1995 硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.-

본 연구는 1994년 2,5,8,11월의 4회에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 조사 결과 동정 분류된 식물성 프랑크톤은 사연호가 6강 126분류군, 동판저수지가 5강 100분류군으로 전체 6강 211분류군이 출현하였다. 월별 종조성은 사연호에서 5월이 50분류군, 8월이 43분류군, 2월이 31분류군 순으로 출현하였다. 동판저수지는 5월이 49분류군, 11월이 27분류군, 2월 25분류군, 8월이 24분류군 순이다. 강별 구성비에서 두 지역모두 녹조강이 가장 많고 다음이 규조강 순이다. 전체 종조성은 사연호는 녹조강 54.3%, 규조강이 25.2%, 유글레나강 7.9%, 남조강 7.1%, 황녹조강 4.7%, 황갈조강 0.8%순이다. 동판저수지의 전출현 종에 대한 종조성은 규조강 51.4%, 녹조강33.9%, 유글레나강 11.0%, 황갈조강 3.7%, 황녹조강 10.9%의 종조성을 나타내었다. 환경요인은 pH의 경우 사연호 8월에 9.28로 가장 높고, DO는 동판 5월이 12.3㎎/ℓ으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 클로로필 a는 사연 2월이 13.1㎎/㎥로 가장 높으며, 부유물질은 동판저수지 5월에 85.0㎎/ℓ으로 가장 높았다. Phytoplankton flora of Sayoun and Tongpan-Reservoirs were studied. A total of 204 taxa (Sayoun-Reservoir, 126 taxa : Tongpan-Reservoir, 100 taxa) were indentified. The Major taxa of two localities was Chlorophyceae 46.7% and Bacillariophyceae 35.1%. As the bloom causing species. Microcystis aeruginosa. Ceratium hirudinella and Peridinium divergens were identified. The chlorophyll a concentration of Tongpan-Reservoir was higher then Sayoun-Reservoir.

다수의 냉동시스템에 의한 저온 저장고의 에너지 성능평가

강동언,김성만,운종호,이의준,박영하,현명택 濟州大學校 産業技術硏究所 2000 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.11 No.1

The cool storage system(CSS) is a specific building that is required only cooling load without heating during the whole year. CSS uses a electric energy which is very expensive and is required much amount of energy due to temperature differences between interior and ambient temperatures. The purpose of this study is to assess the energy performance of the multi-unit cooler operating control system. For the prediction of its performance, two types of test (KIER). First cell is equiped with one .are installed a t Korea Institute of Energy Research large unit cooler. and second cell consists of two small unit coolers. According to the results of experiments using these cells. the multi-unit cooler operating control system is found to be effective in energy saving and beneficial for storage due to much less deviation of temperature.

치조열 환자에서의 치아형태이상, 결혼치 및 위치이상에 대한 임상적 연구

강진한,최진영,이종호,정필훈,김명진 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.5

Until recent time many studies for relationship of dental abnormalities and cleft lip and palate were reported, higher prevalence of abnormality was revealed. The patients with large cleft size had significantly more missing teeth than patients with small cleft size. The tooth that is most usually missed in normal population is the mandibular second premolar, followed by the maxillary lateral incisor and the upper second premolar. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of dental abnormalities and ectopic eruption in patients with cleft alveolus visiting our hospital. Radiographs, dental cast and records from about 60 patients were analysed to find the relation of missing, malformed, malpositioned tooth and delayed eruption and cleft site.