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Application of an IPM-based Spray Program to Protected Cultivation of Strawberry in Korea
Myeong Hyeon Nam,Hyeon Suk Kim,Won Keun Lee,Yeol Kyu Seong,Mark. L. Gleason,Jeong Young Song,Hong Gi Kim 한국원예학회 2008 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.49 No.5
An IPM-based spray program (ISP), based on ecological and agronomic information, is necessary for reducing pesticide sprays and producing strawberries safely. In this study, the applicability of ISP to safe production of strawberries was compared with a conventional spray program (Con-SP) during the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 seasons in plastic houses in Nonsan, Korea. The ISP program consisted of fungicide, insecticide, and miticide treatments as well as release of natural enemies before and after harvest. The ISP treatment schedule was as follows: dipping transplants in azoxystrobin before transplanting (mid-September); spraying with abamectin and thiacloprid when black mulch was applied (early October); spraying with pyraclostrobin + acetamiprid and tetraconazole + abamectin before blooming in early and mid-November, respectively; transplanting banker plants colonized by Aphidius colemani in mid-February (2005-2006 season) or November (2006-2007 season); and releasing Phytoseiulus persimilis in mid-March. Number of pesticide sprays per season for ISP and Con-SP was five and nine, respectively. Anthracnose crown rot, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, did not occur in ISP in either season, but incidence was ≤ 3.3% in Con-SP during the 2005-2006 season. Powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca aphanis var. aphanis) did not occur during harvest in ISP, but occurred during early and late harvest stages in Con-SP in both years. Incidence of Botrytis fruit rot did not differ between ISP and Con-SP. Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) did not appear until March in ISP; subsequently, spider mite density remained at ≤-0.5 mite per leaf until the last harvest period in both years. The number of spider mites in ISP and Con-SP during the harvest did not differ. Populations of cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) were also higher in ISP than Con-SP but decreased from March to April, accompanied by production of aphid mummies by A. colemani. The results showed that ISP was more effective than Con-SP, and required fewer pesticide sprays.
( Myeong Hyeon Nam ),( Myung Soo Park ),( Hyun Sook Kim ),( Tae Il Kim ),( Hong Gi Kim ) 한국균학회 2015 Mycobiology Vol.43 No.3
Blossom blight in strawberry was first observed in a green house in Nonsan, Damyang, and Geochang areas of Korea, between early January to April of 2012. Disease symptoms started as a grey fungus formed on the stigma, which led to the blossom blight and eventually to black rot and necrosis of the entire flower. We isolated the fungi purely from the infected pistils and maintained them on potato dextrose agar (PDA) slants. To test Koch’s postulates, we inoculated the fungi and found that all of the isolates caused disease symptoms in the flower of strawberry cultivars (Seolhyang, Maehyang, and Kumhyang). The isolates on PDA had a velvet-like appearance, and their color ranged between olivaceous-brown and smoky-grey to olive and almost black. The intercalary conidia of the isolates were elliptical to limoniform, with sizes ranging from 5.0~10.5 × 2.5~3.0 μm to 4.0~7.5 × 2.0~3.0 μm, respectively. The secondary ramoconidia of these isolates were 0- or 1-septate, with sizes ranging betweem 10.0~15.0 × 2.5~3.7 μm and 8.7~11.2 × 2.5~3.2 μm, respectively. A combined sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions, partial actin (ACT), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) genes revealed that the strawberry isolates belonged to two groups of authentic strains, Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. tenuissimum. Based on these results, we identified the pathogens causing blossom blight in strawberries in Korea as being C. cladosporioides and C. tenuissimum.
First Report of Dieback Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in Strawberry Plants in Korea
( Myeong Hyeon Nam ),( Myung Soo Park ),( Hyun Sook Kim ),( Tae Il Kim ),( Eun Mo Lee ),( Jong Dae Park ),( Hong Gi Kim ) 한국균학회 2016 Mycobiology Vol.44 No.4
Dieback in strawberry (Seolhyang cultivar) was first observed during the nursery season (June to September) in the Nonsan area of Korea in the years 2012 and 2013. Initial disease symptoms included dieback on runners, as well as black rot on roots, followed by wilting and eventually blackened, necrotic discoloration in the crowns of daughter plants. A fungus isolated from the diseased roots, runners, and crowns is close to Lasiodiplodia theobromae based on morphological characteristics. Analysis of a combined dataset assembled from sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and translation elongation factor 1- alpha genes grouped nine fungal isolates with the type strain of L. theobromae. The isolates showed strong pathogenicity on strawberry cultivars Kumhyang, Seolhyang, and Akihimae, fulfilling Koch`s postulates. Based on these results, the pathogen responsible for dieback on strawberry plants in Korea was identified as L. theobromae.
Control Efficacy of Milk Concentration Against Powdery Mildew of Strawberry
Nam, Myeong-Hyeon,Lee, Won-Keun,Lee, Sok-Su,Kim, Nam-Gyu,Kim, Hong-Gi The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.3
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of milk as one of the environmental friendly materials that substitute chemical fungicides for control powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca aphanis) of strawberries $(Fragaria{\times}ananassa\;Duch.)$. 'Maehyang' and 'Akihime' varieties planted in greenhouses were evaluated for the control of powdery mildew. Applications of $5\%,\;10\%\;and\;20\%$ milk had much better effects on controlling powdery mildew. In particular, $10\%$ milk showed a higher efficacy than other concentrations applied onto strawberry in greenhouse experiments. Foliar spray application of $10\%$ milk was effective for powdery mildew, whereas drench application was not. Also, foliar spray of $10\%$ milk was able to accelerate more firmness and calcium contents of strawberry fruits than the non-treated. The $10\%$ milk applied with fertilizer salts $(Ca(H_2PO_4)_2-H_2O\;and KH_2PO_4)$ showed there was a similar efficacy to $10\%$ milk alone in greenhouse experiments. White crystals and cracks on strawberry fruits appeared by $20\%$ milk. This result indicated that $10\%$ milk was a useful substitute for fungicides to control powdery mildew of strawberry.
Nam, Hyeon Gyun,Nam, Myeong Gyun,Yoo, Pil J.,Kim, Ji-Heung The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Soft matter Vol.15 No.4
<P>When multiple intermolecular interactions occur simultaneously, complexed molecules undergo gelation by inter-cohesive bonding, inducing a pseudo-crosslinking effect to form a supramolecular gel. Among the number of substances that can induce supramolecular assembly, phenolic species such as 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (DOPA) are widely utilized for synthesizing adhesive materials. However, despite the strong adhesion capability of monomeric phenol, it lacks cohesive strength and rarely forms a supramolecular gel to secure its mechanical properties. In this study, to overcome this obstacle, we synthesized a supramolecular coacervate hydrogel by simply mixing poly(<I>N</I>-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and tannic acid (TA), resulting in strong cohesive interactions by virtue of the larger molecular size of TA and reinforced molecular interactions attributed to the presence of galloyl groups with a high density. We further analyzed the rheological and adhesive properties of PVP-TA coacervate hydrogels, revealing that they could exhibit not only a self-healing property, but also super adhesive properties with an average adhesion strength of 3.71 MPa on a glass substrate, which is >4 times stronger than that of conventional PVP.</P>