A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

지난 4년간 학회지 "신경정신의학" 심사 평가보고

오병훈,권준수,남궁기,김승현,지익성,김창윤,하규섭,박원명,김성곤,오강섭,김정범,이수정,정한용,이창욱,박용천,이영문,김세주,이병욱 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.5

Four Years Reports of "Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association" during 2001 to 2005 were evaluated by 18 Editorial Board of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association. We investigated the articles to specific fields and rejection rate etc. by different section chiefs. Although several problems concerning review time duration and rejection guideline issues indicated but generally all reviewer processes proved relatively clear and concise criteria. Through these objective and systematic evaluation Processes, "Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association" will develop a good journal.

발열을 동반한 호중구감소증에서 Cefepime 단독투여와 Ceftazidime 및 Tobramycin 병합투여의 효능비교

정현욱,채제욱,강미라,양정채,문치숙,기현균,장현하,오원섭,김기현,백경란,이남용,송재훈 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.6

목적 : 국내에서 발열을 동반한 호중구감소증이 있는 악성 종양환자에게 경험적 항생제로 베타락탐계 항생제와 아미노배당체의 병합요법의 사용이 일반적이다. Cefepime은 광범위 항균 작용을 가지고 있어, 그람 음성균 뿐만 아니라 그람 양성균에 대해서도 우수한 효과를 나타낸다. 재료 및 방법: 발열을 동반한 호중구감소증이 있는 악성 종양환자를 대상으로 무작위, 공개, 비교 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 환자를 무작위로 cefepime 단독요법군과 ceftazidime 및 tobramycin 병합요법군으로 나누어 투여하고 각각의 임상적 효능과 안전성을 비교하였다. 구강및 인후 점막염이 있는 환자에서 분리된 녹색 연쇄알 구균에 대한 항생제 내성 정도를 조사하였다. 결과 : 대상환자 89명 중 CA 투여군이 48예(53.9%), CT 투여군이 41예(46.1%)이었다. 발열의 유형별로 MDI는 18예(20.2%), CDI는 9예(10.1%), UF는 62예(69.7%)로 두 군 간에 차이가 없었다. CA 투여군과 CT 투여군의 임상적 호전률은 시험약 투여 후 2-4일째 각각 91.7%, 85.4% (P=0.31), 치료 종료 시 각각 91.7%, 100% (P=0.15)로 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 치료 종료 시 CA 투여군과 CT 투여군의 세균학적 소실률은 모두 100%로 두 군간의 유의한 차이가 없었다(P=0.78). 점막염이 있는 환자로부터 녹색 연쇄알 구균이 분리된 경우는 25예(28.1%)이었으며, 분리된 녹색 연쇄알 구균은 penicillin, ceftriaxone, cefepime, vancomycin에 모두 감수성을 보였다. 약제 관련 이상 반응의 발생 빈도도 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 발열을 동반한 호중구감소증이 있는 악성 종양환자의 경험적 항생제로서 cefepime 단독요법은 ceftazidime 및 아미노배당체의 병합요법만큼 효과적이고 안전하였다. Background : Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy has been recommended as an empirical regimen in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia. Cefepime is a fourth generation cephalosporin with good activity against both gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. Materials and Methods : To compare the efficacy and safety of cefepime alone with ceftazidime plus tobramycin as empirical regimen for adult cancer patients with febrile neutropenia, a randomized, open label, comparative trial was performed. If the patient showed clinical improvent 72 hours, antibiotic could be changed to oral ciprofloxacin. Clinical and microbiological responses were determined at 72 hours and at the end of therapy. To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of viridans streptococci, swab cultures were obtained from throat in all enrolled patients and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by using microdilution method according to the NCCLS. Results : A total of 89 patients were enrolled. Forty-eight patients received cefepime alone (CA), and 41 patients received ceftazidime plus tobramycin (CT). Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics were similar in both groups (P>0.05). The initial clinical success rate at day 2-4 in group CA (91.7%) was similar with that in CT group (85.4%) (P=0.31). At the end of therapy, the final clinical success rate in CA group (91.7%) was similar to that in CT group (100%) (P=0.15). In 18 patients, with microbiologically defined infections, the eradication rate was 100% in both groups. Adverse events including liver dysfunction (21.3%) and renal dysfunction (2.2%), were similar in both groups (P=0.87). Viridans streptococci were isolated from the throat cultures in 25 cases, and all of these strains were susceptible to penicillin (MIC_(90) 0.12 ㎍/mL), cefepime (1 ㎍/mL), and vancomycin (0.12 ㎍/mL). Conclusion : Efficacy and safety of cefepime monotherapy was comparable to the combination of ceftazidime and tobramycin. It could be used as an alternative empirical regimen for treating cancer patients with febrile neutropenia.

급성 포름알데히드 가스 흡입에 의한 흰쥐 후각상피의 형태학적 변화

백선용,전재기,문용석,황승영,노환중,고의경,왕수건 대한해부학회 1998 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.31 No.3

여행사 서비스 질과 여성고객 충성도 분석

정용악,조웅,문병률 한국문화관광학회 2003 문화관광연구 Vol.5 No.2

This study of research are to identify causalities among reliability, repeat, women's customer satisfaction and women's customer loyalty in travel products and to identify the factors by which reliability and repeat are influenced. However, this research is different from the previous ones in the sense that both reliability and repeat are considered in the study of the relationship between women's customer satisfaction/loyalty and reliability/repeat in travel products. Conclusively, customer satisfaction and loyalty are positively related not with the reliability but with the repeat. Besides, women's customer loyalty is significantly influenced by the reliability, repeat and the customer satisfaction. This indicates that companies in the tour agents have to develop a segmentation strategy for the reliability which is more socially and ethically allowable than the repeat.

자동문을 위한 무선 안전 장치 시스템 및 중앙 통제 소프트웨어 개발

문병현,박종수,최상민,최용운,제정광 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2004 情報通信硏究 Vol.3 No.2

본 논문에서 고급형 실내 자동문의 설계 및 제작한다. 실내에서 사용되는 특성에 따라 소음이 최소화되어야 하며 미세한 물건이나 어린이의 작은 신체 일부가 자동문에 끼이는 안전사고를 방지하기 위한 안전장치가 필수적이다. 따라서 본 시스템은 IrDA의 적외선 방식과 용량성 센서를 이용한 안전 장치 시스템을 설계하고 자동문을 가정용 컴퓨터를 이용하여 직접제어 하거나 외부에서 이더넷(Ethernet)으로 접속하여 제어 및 표시할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발한다. 또한 지능형 빌딩과 같이 다수의 자동창문을 화재, 강제 환기 및 기타 관리를 위한 중앙 통제 관리 시스템으로 확장된 중앙 통제 소프트웨어를 개발을 하였다. In this paper, the automatic door for indoor use is designed and developed. Since the door is used indoor, the noise should be minimized and the accident that can happen by small object and childrens fingers strapped by the door would be prevented. Thus, Safety module by using infrared is designed and the program that controls the door using ethernet is also developed. For the use of the large intelligent building, the program that can control the multiple doors is also developed.

화상처리를 이용한 물체의 운동 파라미터 추정

정남채,문용선,박종안 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1996 生産技術硏究 Vol.18 No.2

In case a robot works in space of gravity-free state, it is difficult to estimate object motion parameters because of control problem of itself and moving objects. The nature and parameters of short term motion can be estimated continuously with the goal of understanding motion through the image processing. This paper proposes a method which solves correspondence of feature points when we estimate object motion parameter from image information of freely moving objects in space of gravity-free state. Replacing the inertial coordinate system with the camera coordinate system which is equipped within a space robot, computer simulation results are investigated to be able to analyze a problem of correspond points from image information, and to obtain sequence of angular velocity ω which determine a motion of object.

허혈성 흰쥐 대뇌에서 NMDA 수용체 아단위2A와 중간세사섬유들의 변화

정용욱,문일수,고복현 동국대학교 경주대학 1996 東國論集 Vol.15 No.-

대뇌피질의 지연성 신경손상과 NMDA수용체 아단위2A, NF200K, GFAP의 표현 변화와의 관계를 알아보기 위해 전반적 저산소증(92% N2/8% O2)과 불완전 국소허혈(왼온목동맥 결찰)을 시행하였으며 허혈성 손상이 후 대뇌 피질에서의 NR2A,NF200K,GFAP의 변화는 immuno blot방법과 면역조직화학법을 이용하여 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1)허혈 손상 3일 후 대뇌 피질 PSD에서의 NR2A항체에 대한 면역 반응성은 정상에 비해 증가하였 으며 NF200K의 면역 반응성은 감소하였다. 2) 허혈 손상 6일 후 대뇌 피질 PSD에서의 NR2A, NF200K항체에 대한 면역 반응성은 함께 감소 하였다. 3) 면역조직화학법에서 NF200K,GFAP에 대한 중간세사섬유들의 표현은 3일 후 정상에 비해 함께 감소 하였다가 6일 후 허혈의 정도에 따라 증가군과 감소군으로 나누어졌다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 대뇌 피질 PSD에서 NF200K는 3일 이전에는 NR2A의 양에 의해 조절되며 6일 이후에는 NR2A, NF200K 모두 손상되는 과정을 거치는 것으로 생각된다. 또한 별아교세포의 증식은 신경세포 손상을 방지 하기위해 보상적으로 증가하는 것으로 생각 된다. Ischemic brain cortex has been developed to understand the relationship between delayed neuronal damage at the cerebral cortex regions and the expression of NMDA receptor subunit (NR2A), NF200K and GFAP in the conditions of global hypoxia and focal left common carotid artery ligation. Changes of NR2A, NF200K and GFAP in rat brain after ischemic injury were investigated through immunoblot analyses and immunohistochemistry. We found that immunoreactivity to NR2A antibody in the cerebral cortex PSD was up-regulated and recovered to normal by 3 and 6 days while NF200K was down-regulated by 3 and 6 days. Immunoreactivity to anti-NF200K and GFAP antibody was decreased at the third day but by sixth day they were varied on the degree of ischemic damage. These resulys imply that the amount of NR2A and NF200K in cerebral cortex PSD at the third day were reversely changed but by the sixth day all of them were decreased in the process of delayed neuronal damage and that, neuroprotective proliferation of astrocytes may be compensated by the elevation of neuronal cell damage.

프로 야구선수와 아마추어 야구선수들의 최대운동시 호흡순환기능에 대한 비교 연구

문용수,김정주 경희대학교 체육과학연구소 1999 體育學論文集 Vol.27 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cardiorespiratory function of the Professional baseball player and amateur baseball player. For this study, the total of 37 subjects were selected including 9 professional baseball players, 10 college baseball players,10 junior high school baseball players, and 8 non-athlete college students. The results of the study were as follows; 1.In factors of rest HR showed in CG 81.36±5.88beats/min, HBG 73.71±4.36beats/min, PBG 67.34±4.30beats/min, UBG 64,58±5.41beats/min. Among these group there was significantly(p=.0001). In factors of HRmax showed in CG 203.01±4.38beats/min, HBG 200.83±9.38beats/min, UBG 192.15±7.26beats/min PBG 186.23±8.86beats/min. Among these group there was significantly(p=.0003). 2.In factors of TVE showed in PBG 2676.67±386.78mlf/min, UBG 2519.30±275.40ml/min, HBG 1992.40±393.77ml/min, CG 1935.13±627.36ml/min. Among these group there was significantly(p=.0010). In factors of VEmax showed in PBG 141.79±25.94l/min, UBG 127.85±9.64l/min, HBG 99.44±23.68l/min, CG 94,15±23.32l/min. Among these group there was significantly(p=.0001). 3.In factors of VO2max showed in PBG 4413.67±581.42ml/min, UBG 4077.00±239.72ml/min, HBG 2913.90±379.45ml/min, CG 2513.00±441.88ml/min. Among these group there was significantly(p=.0001). In factors of VO2/kg showed in PBG 59.09±5.81ml/kg/min, UBG 57.79±2.29ml/kg/min, HBG 46.13±3.64ml/kg/min, CG 39.22±5.20ml/kg/min. Among these group there was significantly(p=.0001). 4.In factors of VCO2max showed in PBG 5937.67±970.59ml/min, UBG 5165.30±627.79ml/min, HBG 3713.20±635.47ml/min, CG 3319 13±624.26ml/min. Among these group there was significantly(p=.0001). 5.In factors of RR showed in HBG 62.70±16.03f/min, PBG 59.33±7.47f/min, CG 58.50±25.76f/min, UBG 54.30±3.30f/min. Among these group there was not significantly. 6.In factors of VO2/HR showed in PBG 24.96±2.09ml/beats, UBG 24.71±1.5 ml/beats, HBG 14.73±2.25ml/beats, CG 12.68±2.27ml/beats. Among these group there was significantly(p=.0001).

鐵筋콘크리트 構造物의 最適設計

鄭哲源,朴熙淳,孫鎔雨,崔圭文 圓光大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.23 No.2

이 論文에서는 最適化問題를 해결한다 : 彈牲設計에 비해 最大效率로 주어진 形態의 構造를 設計하여 모든 可能한 荷重組合下에서 그 構造의 崩壞와 그것의 臨界斷面의 first yield에 대한 어떤 지정된 最小荷重係數를 측정한다. 目的函數를 線形化하고, 모든 limit equilibrium constraint를 算出해 내는 方法을 개발하여 線形計劃法과 콤퓨터技法의 도움으로 그 問題를 해결한다. 관계되는 원리와 대응되는 最適解는 鐵筋콘크리트 連續보와 뼈대 構造를 例로서 설명되어 있다. The following optimization problem is solved in the paper : design a structure of given geometry for maximum efficiency vs. elastic design, so that under any possible load combination certain specified minimum load factors be guaranteed against both the collapse of the structure and the first yield of its critical sections. By linearizing the objective function and developing a method to generate all limit equilibrium constraints the problem is solved with the help of linear programming and computer techniques. The principles involved and corresponding optimal solutions are illustrated by the examples of a reinforced concrete continuous beam and frame.