Effects of zolpidem on sleep parameters in patients with cirrhosis and sleep disturbances: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Manoj Kumar Sharma,Sumeet Kainth,Sachin Kumar,Ankit Bhardwaj,Hemant Kumar Agarwal,Rakhi Maiwall,Kapil Dev Jamwal,Saggere Muralikrishna Shasthry,Ankur Jindal,Ashok Choudhary,Lovkesh Anand,Rajender Mal 대한간학회 2019 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.25 No.2

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to study the efficacy and safety of zolpidem for sleep disturbances in patients with cirrhosis. Methods: Fifty-two Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) class A or B cirrhotics with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >5 were randomized to either zolpidem 5 mg daily (n=26) or placebo (n=26) for 4 weeks. Results: The therapy of 4 weeks was completed by 23 patients receiving zolpidem (3 stopped treatment due to excessive daytime drowsiness) and 24 receiving placebo (2 refused to continue the study). In the zolpidem group, after 4 weeks of therapy, there was significant increase in total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency compared to baseline and improvement in polysomnographic parameters of sleep initiation and maintenance (i.e., decrease in sleep latency time, decrease in wake time, and decreases in number of arousals and periodic limbs movements per hour of sleep), without any significant change in sleep architecture. Conclusions: Four weeks of 5 mg daily zolpidem in CTP class A or B cirrhosis patients with insomnia led to significant increases in TST and sleep efficiency and improvement in polysomnographic parameters of sleep initiation and maintenance without any significant change in sleep architecture.

Atomic layer deposited HfO2 based metal insulator semiconductor GaN ultraviolet photodetectors

Manoj Kumar,Burak Tekcan,Ali Kemal Okyay 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.12

A report on GaN based metal insulator semiconductor (MIS) ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) with atomic layer deposited (ALD) 5-nm-thick HfO2 insulating layer is presented. Very low dark current of 2.24 1011 A and increased photo to dark current contrast ratio was achieved at 10 V. It was found that the dark current was drastically reduced by seven orders of magnitude at 10 V compared to samples without HfO2 insulating layer. The observed decrease in dark current is attributed to the large barrier height which is due to introduction of HfO2 insulating layer and the calculated barrier height was obtained as 0.95 eV. The peak responsivity of HfO2 inserted device was 0.44 mA/W at bias voltage of 15 V.

Laser driven terahertz generation in hot plasma with step density profile

Kumar, Manoj,Tripathi, Vipin Kumar,Jeong, Young Uk American Institute of Physics 2015 Physics of plasmas Vol.22 No.6

Processing highly porous SiC ceramics using poly(ether-co-octene) and hollow microsphere templates

Manoj Kumar, B. V.,Zhai, Wentao,Eom, Jung-Hye,Kim, Young-Wook,Park, Chul B. Springer-Verlag 2011 JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE - Vol.46 No.10

Growth of p-type ZnO thin film on n-type silicon substrate and its application as hybrid homojunction

Manoj Kumar,Jyoti Prakash Kar,In-Soo Kim,최세영,명재민 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.1

A report on the preparation of p-type ZnO thin films, codoped with Al and N, on n-type Si (100) substrate by RF sputtering technique is presented. The as-grown films were found to be n-type and the conduction was converted to p-type on annealing in Ar ambient. ZnO homojunction was fabricated by growing a three-dimensional ZnO hybrid structure of p-type ZnO films, n-type ZnO nanowire and n-type Al-doped ZnO films in order. The current―voltage characteristics clearly showed a diode like rectifying behavior. Room temperature photoluminescence spectra showed dominant peak at 3.20 eV with a broad deep level emission. The electroluminescence spectrum of heterojunction structure exhibited deep level emission at 2.37 eV and ultraviolet emission at 3.20 eV when the injected current attained 100 mA.

Text Detection in Natural Images by Connected Component Analysis

Manoj Kumar,JongHyun Park,GueeSang Lee 한국멀티미디어학회 2009 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2009 No.1

Text in a digital image contains important cue to the scene understanding and can be useful for many applications. Detecting and extracting such text is a difficult task. The main problem in extracting text from natural images is caused by several reasons including font size variation, alignment of text and variation of font colors. In this paper, we propose a connected component based method to automatically detect the text region from natural images. Since text regions in mages contain mostly repetition of vertical strokes, we try to find a pattern of closely packed vertical edges. Once the group of edges is found, neighboring vertical edges are connected to each other. Connected regions with geometric features out of valid specifications are considered as outliers and eliminated. The proposed method is effective for slanted or curved characters compared to existing methods. Experimental results are given for the validation of our approach.

Effect of oxygen ambient on structural, optical and electrical properties of epitaxial Al-doped ZnO thin films on r-plane sapphire by pulsed laser deposition

Manoj Kumar,최세영,R.M. Mehra 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.4

Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) thin films were grown epitaxially on r-plane sapphire substrate by pulsed laser deposition. Substrate temperature of 400 ℃ and pulsed repetition rate of 5 Hz was kept constant during the deposition. The effect of oxygen ambient pressure from 0.1 to 10 mTorr on structural, optical and electrical properties of the ZnO:Al films were investigated. The lowest resistivity was found to be 2.14 × 10-3 Ω-cm with a carrier concentration of 6.89 × 1019 cm-3 for the film deposited in 1 mTorr of oxygen pressure. ZnO:Al film revealed smoother surface obtained at oxygen ambient pressure of 1 mTorr. The epitaxial relationship between ZnO:Al films and r-plane sapphire was found to be (0001)ZnO // (0112)sapp and [1010]ZnO // [0111]sapp. Photoluminescence spectra of the film grown at the oxygen ambient pressure of 1 mTorr exhibited peak at 3.34 eV, without any deep level. Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) thin films were grown epitaxially on r-plane sapphire substrate by pulsed laser deposition. Substrate temperature of 400 ℃ and pulsed repetition rate of 5 Hz was kept constant during the deposition. The effect of oxygen ambient pressure from 0.1 to 10 mTorr on structural, optical and electrical properties of the ZnO:Al films were investigated. The lowest resistivity was found to be 2.14 × 10-3 Ω-cm with a carrier concentration of 6.89 × 1019 cm-3 for the film deposited in 1 mTorr of oxygen pressure. ZnO:Al film revealed smoother surface obtained at oxygen ambient pressure of 1 mTorr. The epitaxial relationship between ZnO:Al films and r-plane sapphire was found to be (0001)ZnO // (0112)sapp and [1010]ZnO // [0111]sapp. Photoluminescence spectra of the film grown at the oxygen ambient pressure of 1 mTorr exhibited peak at 3.34 eV, without any deep level.

Numerical and statistical analysis of Newtonian/non-Newtonian traits of MoS₂-C₂H₆O₂ nanofluids with variable fluid properties

Manoj C Kumar,Jasmine A Benazir Techno-Press 2024 Advances in nano research Vol.16 No.4

This study investigates the heat and mass transfer characteristics of a MoS₂ nanoparticle suspension in ethylene glycol over a porous stretching sheet. MoS₂ nanoparticles are known for their exceptional thermal and chemical stability which makes it convenient for enhancing the energy and mass transport properties of base fluids. Ethylene glycol, a common coolant in various industrial applications is utilized as the suspending medium due to its superior heat transfer properties. The effects of variable thermal conductivity, variable mass diffusivity, thermal radiation and thermophoresis which are crucial parameters in affecting the transport phenomena of nanofluids are taken into consideration. The governing partial differential equations representing the conservation of momentum, energy, and concentration are reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations. R software and MATLAB-bvp5c are used to compute the solutions. The impact of key parameters, including the nanoparticle volume fraction, magnetic field, Prandtl number, and thermophoresis parameter on the flow, heat and mass transfer rates is systematically examined. The study reveals that the presence of MoS₂ nanoparticles curbs the friction between the fluid and the solid boundary. Moreover, the variable thermal conductivity controls the rate of heat transfer and variable mass diffusivity regulates the rate of mass transfer. The numerical and statistical results computed are mutually justified via tables. The results obtained from this investigation provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of systems involving nanofluid-based heat and mass transfer processes, such as solar collectors, chemical reactors, and heat exchangers. Furthermore, the findings contribute to a deeper understanding of stretching sheet systems, such as in manufacturing processes involving continuous casting or polymer film production. The incorporation of MoS₂-C₂H₆O₂ nanofluids can potentially optimize temperature distribution and fluid dynamics.

Stakeholders Driven Requirements Engineering Approach for Data Warehouse Development

Kumar, Manoj,Gosain, Anjana,Singh, Yogesh Korea Information Processing Society 2010 Journal of information processing systems Vol.6 No.3

Most of the data warehouse (DW) requirements engineering approaches have not distinguished the early requirements engineering phase from the late requirements engineering phase. There are very few approaches seen in the literature that explicitly model the early & late requirements for a DW. In this paper, we propose an AGDI (Agent-Goal-Decision-Information) model to support the early and late requirements for the development of DWs. Here, the notion of agent refers to the stakeholders of the organization and the dependency among agents refers to the dependencies among stakeholders for fulfilling their organizational goals. The proposed AGDI model also supports three interrelated modeling activities namely, organization modeling, decision modeling and information modeling. Here, early requirements are modeled by performing organization modeling and decision modeling activities, whereas late requirements are modeled by performing information modeling activities. The proposed approach has been illustrated to capture the early and late requirements for the development of a university data warehouse exemplifying our model's ability of supporting its decisional goals by providing decisional information.

Retrotransposons: the intrinsic genomic evolutionist

Manoj Kumar Rajput 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.2

This review is confined to a handful andessential information on retrotransposons from varioussystems/hosts. The main objective of this review to explainthat retrotransposons play a significant role in evolution bystructuring and restructuring of genomes. The implicationsdue to their structure and method of propagation makesthem agents of genome evolution and biodiversity. Theobesity of complex genomes is granted by diverse populationof retrotransposons. The diversity at every level ofbiological organization including species, individualorganism and molecules such as nucleic acid and proteinsgives rise to evolution. The mechanism of regulation andactivation of retrotransposons indicates that the retrotranaposons,which were earlier considered as junk, are veryimportant for development of an organism and these elementsplay significant role in biological evolution. Thesimilarity of retrotransposons with endoretroviruses bringsthem closer to retroviruses and helps to understand phylogenetics. The continued inheritance of retrotransposonsmay be due to evolutionary process that creates and preservestraits that are seemingly fitted for the functionalroles they perform.