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Correcting Environmental Market Failures through Environmental Fiscal Reforms in China
Zhong, Ma,Jian, Wu Korean Resource Economics Association 2007 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.16 No.3
By reviewing the current application of Environmental Fiscal Instruments in China, existing policy gaps and weakness, and the feasibility of using EFIs in China, this paper pointed out that the Chinese government faces an historic opportunity for promoting the development of a comprehensive environmental fiscal system. It is proposed that as far as possible the real economic and social costs of pollution and environmental degradation should be reflected in the prices charged for the use of environmental and natural resources. Chinese government should systematize existing environmental fiscal funds and policies, gradually setting up a framework for integrating environmental fiscal instruments into the public financial system.
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Correcting Environmental Market Failures through Environmental Fiscal Reforms in China
Ma Zhong,Wu Jian 한국환경경제학회 2007 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.16 No.3
By reviewing the current application of Environmental Fiscal Instruments in China, existing policy gaps and weakness, and the feasibility of using EFIs in China, this paper pointed out that the Chinese government faces an historic opportunity for promoting the development of a comprehensive environmental fiscal system. It is proposed that as far as possible the real economic and social costs of pollution and environmental degradation should be reflected in the prices charged for the use of environmental and natural resources. Chinese government should systematize existing environmental fiscal funds and policies, gradually setting up a framework for integrating environmental fiscal instruments into the public financial system.
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Combined resonance of axially moving truncated conical shells in hygro-thermal environment
Zhong-Shi Ma,Gui-Lin She 국제구조공학회 2024 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.91 No.3
This paper predicts the combined resonance behavior of the truncated conical shells (TCSs) under transverse and parametric coupled excitation. The motion governing equation is formulated in the framework of high-order shear deformation theory, von Kármán theory and Hamilton principle. The displacements and boundary conditions are characterized by a set of displacement shape functions with double Fourier series. Subsequently, the method of varying amplitude (MVA) is utilized to derive the approximate analytical solution of system response of TCSs. A comparative analysis is conducted to verify the accuracy of the current computational method. Additionally, the interaction mechanism of combined resonance, parametric resonance and primary resonance is examined. And the effect of damping coefficient, the external excitation, initial phase, axial motion speed, temperature variation, humidity variation, material properties and semi-vortex angle on the vibration mechanism are analyzed.
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Ma, Li,Xie, Xiao-Wei,Wang, Hai-Yan,Ma, Ling-Yun,Wen, Zhong-Guang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.12
Background: To evaluate the value of combined detection of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), and carbohydrateantigen 125 (CA125) for the clinical diagnosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Serum CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 were assessed in 140 patients with NSCLC, 90 patients with benign lung disease and 90 normal control subjects, and differences of expression were compared in each group, and joint effects of these tumor markers in the diagnosis of NSCLC were analyzed. Results: Serum CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 in patients with NSCLC were significantly higher than those with benign lung disease and normal controls (P<0.05). The sensitivity of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 were 49.45%, 59.67%, and 44.87% respectively. As expected, combinations of these tumor markers improved their sensitivity for NSCLC. The combined detection of CEA + CYFRA21-1 was the most cost-effective combination which had higher sensitivity and specificity in NSCLC. Elevation of serum CEA and CYFRA21-1 was significantly associated with pathological types (P<0.05) and elevation of serum CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 was significantly associated with TNM staging (P<0.05). Conclusions: Single measurement of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 is of diagnostic value in the diagnosis of lung cancer, and a joint detection of these three tumor markers, could greatly improve the sensitivity of diagnosis on NSCLC. Combined detection of CEA + CYFRA21-1 proved to be the most economic and practical strategy in diagnosis of NSCLC, which can be used to screen the high-risk group.
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Flight and Hover Control System Design for a Mini-quadrotor Based on Multi-sensors
Zhongli Ma,Huixin Li,Yanming Gu,Zuoyong Li,Qianqian Li 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.2
Mini-quadrotor is difficult to control in the air due to its small size and light weight. This paper presentsthe flight and hover control system for a mini-quadrotor, including design and simulation of calculations and controllers. Firstly, the attitude and position of the mini-quadrotor are obtained by distributed multi-sensors. Since attitudecalculation of aircraft needs a number of combined rotations and vectors transformed by rotation, quaternionsare applied to express the attitude model. About error compensation of gyroscope and accelerometer, IMU_Updataalgorithm of Mahony filter are applied and improved to realize data fusion [1]. In order to realize accurate hoveringat certain position, UWB (UltraWideband) are applied to gain positional information of mini-quadrotor and correctthe antenna delay caused sensor error by base station positioning. The discrete Kalman filter of original data is usedto achieve the optimized estimation of the airborne position. Px4flow optical flow sensor is able to gets velocityinformation and avoid the noise problem, which is caused by differential of position data. Then, the mathematicalmodel of a mini-quadrotor’s flight and hover control system can be established. Herein, integral items are solved bythe integral separation and integral limiting to mitigate the serious overshoot and oscillation of the system caused bythe cascade PID. Finally, the simulation of the attitude controller and position controller are applied with the MATLABSimulink library. The simulation result shows that the designed attitude controller and position controller canenable the mini-quadrotor to fly smoothly, move in all directions and hover.
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( Zhong Fa Ma ),( He Wei Lee ) 단국대학교 법학연구소 2013 법학논총 Vol.37 No.1
The legal regime of limited liability partnerships in modern time came from common law system and has played very important role in the current economic development. However, its earliest form might have arguably been originated from the societates publicanorum which arose in Rome in the 3rd century BC, and in medieval Italy, it developed into a business organization known as the commenda appeared in the 10th century. Limited liability partnership, with potential vitality in the current time, is a kind of business organization which may be properly applied in the high-tech industry or in the field of venture investment: to provide a relatively ideal cooperation mechanism for the technology holders or the managers with full experiences who are in great need of capital and the people who own lots of money but have no way to invest. China and Korea have separately established its own legal regime of limited liability partnership to meet the demands of their economic development on the basis of combining their national conditions with references to the experiences from other countries, and China made the related laws earlier than Korea. The legal regime of the limited liability partnership in China describes definitely the provisions on the partners and agreement of a limited liability partnership, investment or capital contributions of a limited partner, management of the affairs of a limited liability partnership, distribution of the profits, a limited partner`s assigning his share of property in the limited liability partnership, a new limited partner joining in or a limited partner retiring from the partnership, and a general partner to become a limited partner or vice versa, etc. The provisions on limited liability partnership in Korea`s Commercial Law focus on the definition of a limited liability partnership, items of an agreement of a limited liability partnership, registration of a limited liability partnership, managing partner of a limited liability partnership, liability of a limited partner, assignment of a limited partner`s share of property, applying other provisions to a limited liability partnership, and penal provision. The legal regime of a limited liability partnership is composed by these provisions and the related stipulations in civil law and commercial law. The distinguished difference between the legal systems on limited liability partnerships of China and Korea lies in the distinctions of legislative forms. China has a separated law with the title of Law of the People`s Republic of China on Partnerships in which there is a specialized Chapter containing 25 articles to describe the provisions on limited liability partnership, and it also has some other provisions concerning limited liability partnerships in other laws; while Korea only has 8 clauses concerning limited liability partnership which is demonstrated by the Clauses from 2 to 9 of Article 86 in Commercial Law, and it applies more provisions from commercial law and civil law. In China, partnerships and limited liability partnerships are regarded as business organizations, and the laws on them are parts of the laws on commercial subjects; while in Korea, they are considered as commercial activities, and they are integrated into the section of Commercial Conducts in Commercial Law. In detailed provisions, the differences are illustrated as the following: in China, the number of partners is more than 2 and less than 50, while in Korea, there is no direct provision concerning the number of partners of a limited liability partnership, and it may be inferred from other provisions that the number shall be more than 2, but there is no ceiling number. As for the agreement of a limited liability partnership, the provisions in China are more specific than those in Korea. In China, the managing partner(s) shall be general partners and limited partner(s) cannot be managing partner(s), but in Korea, the limited liability partner (s) may also act as the managing partner(s). The provisions on registration in Korea are more rigorous than those in China. Those differences of the legal regimes are attributed to the various development history and the policies of China and Korea. The provisions in China and Korea respectively have their own strong points and China and Korea may learn from each other.
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An Improved Interacting Multiple Model Algorithm for Target Tracking Based on ANFIS
Zengqiang Ma,Yacong Zheng,Sha Zhong,Xingxing Zou,Yachao Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.7 No.5
IMM (Interacting Multiple Model) algorithm is widely used in target tracking, and its basic principle is described in detail at first. However, the IMM algorithm fails to obtain the prior probability of model conversion quickly and accurately when tracking for target. In this paper, an improved IMM algorithm based on ANFIS (the adaptive neural fuzzy inference system) is proposed. The improved algorithm can update the value of system noise covariance in real-time by ANFIS module through observing the coefficient of system noise covariance. Consequently, the probability of model conversion can be obtained more quickly and accurately. Then, the comparison and analysis of the experiment results between the original IMM algorithm and the improved one have been carried out. The experiment results show that the reaction rate for maneuvering target tracking is significantly boosted and tracking error is obviously reduced because the improved algorithm can update the value of system noise covariance in real-time and improve the system adaptability.
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