Nanowires: Fabrication of Sub-10 nm Metallic Lines of Low Line-Width Roughness by Hydrogen Reduction of Patterned Metal–Organic Materials (Adv. Funct. Mater. 14/2010)

Nedelcu, Mihaela,Saifullah, Mohammad S. M.,Hasko, David G.,Jang, Arang,Anderson, David,Huck, Wilhelm T. S.,Jones, Geraint A. C.,Welland, Mark E.,Kang, Dae Joon,Steiner, Ullrich WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.20 No.14

<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>This computer rendered graphic displays direct writing of sub-10 nm metallic wires of low line-width roughness using an electron beam (shown as a sinusoidal wave), as presented by M. S. M. Saifullah, D. J. Kang, U. Steiner, et al. on page 2317. Sub-10 nm metallic wires of good integrity and low line-width roughness were obtained by reducing electron-beam patterned metal naphthenate lines in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere at 500°C for 1 h. <img src='wiley_img_2010/1616301X-2010-20-14-ADFM201090059-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/1616301X-2010-20-14-ADFM201090059-content'> </P>

A Food Supplement with Antioxidative Santa Herba Extract Modulates Energy Metabolism and Contributes to Weight Management

Yvonne MÖdinger,Christiane SchÖn,Manfred Wilhelm,Christina Pickel,Torsten Grothe 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.11

The plant Santa herba (Eriodictyon californicum) contains high flavonoids, thus potentially exerting beneficial effects in context of obesity, often accompanied by inflammation and metabolic imbalance. The study assessed the impact of Santa herba on oxidative stress, energy metabolism, weight reduction, and eating behavior, combining in vitro models with clinical data. Santa herba binding of the adenosine receptor A2A (ADORA2A) was assessed using a radioligand binding assay. A Caenorhabditis elegans model was used to determine mobility boosting effects, and Santa herba oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values were determined in comparison to antioxidative plants. Clinical data, that is, body weight and appetite-related parameters, were obtained from overweight and obese women receiving either Santa herba or placebo for 12 weeks. Results showed that Santa herba extract binds to ADORA2A, stimulates C. elegans motility (+7.5%) and locomotion, and yields high antioxidative capacities (ORAC: 819 trolox equivalent). Clinical data, obtained from 24 overweight and 25 obese women (mean: 47.5 years), demonstrated a reduced body weight (P = .042) and body fat (P = .044), and by trend reduced leptin levels (P = .065) in women with obesity after Santa herba consumption compared to placebo. In conclusion, Santa herba extract has energizing and antioxidative properties and may aid in weight management of people with obesity.

New Insight to the Mechanismof the Shear-InducedMacroscopic Alignment of Diblock Copolymer Melts by a Unique and NewlyDeveloped Rheo–SAXS Combination

Meins, T.,Hyun, K.,Dingenouts, N.,Fotouhi Ardakani, M.,Struth, B.,Wilhelm, M. American ChemicalSociety 2012 Macromolecules Vol.45 No.1

<P>In-situ flow alignment kinetics of a self-assembled lamellarphasepolystyrene-<I>block</I>-polyisoprene (PS-<I>b</I>-PI, <I>M</I><SUB>w</SUB> = 26 500 g/mol, <I>f</I><SUB>PS</SUB> = 51%) diblock copolymer melt has been investigatedin detail under mechanical large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS)utilizing a unique Rheo–SAXS combination developed in cooperationwith the German Electron Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg. This marksthe first time that the strain and time dependence of the shear-inducedmacroscopic perpendicular orientation of the lamellar microstructurecould be monitored with a time resolution of 10 s per frame. Two mechanicalparameters were used to compare the structural evolution and dynamicswith the mechanical response of the sample. The mechanical loss modulusG″, which was directly obtained from the in situ Rheo–SAXSexperiments performed with a stress controlled rheometer, and thenonlinear parameter <I>I</I><SUB>3/1</SUB>, which was calculatedby Fourier-transform-rheology (FT-rheology) from the raw stress dataobtained from a strain controlled rheometer. Significant correlationsbetween the mechanical response and the structural changes of thesample were detected. For example, the orientation times τ calculatedfrom both the X-ray and the mechanical measurements showed a powerlaw dependence with τ ∼ γ<SUB>0</SUB><SUP>–1.6</SUP> (in situ SAXS) and ∼ γ<SUB>0</SUB><SUP>–2</SUP> (FT-rheology). Furthermore, the quality of the macroscopic orientationat large shear amplitudes (γ<SUB>0</SUB> = 2 and γ<SUB>0</SUB> = 3) was found to be a function of the mechanical excitationtime. A better macroscopic orientation for shorter mechanical excitationtimes was achieved, while longer experimental times caused an unexpectedreduction in the degree of orientation. In these situations, ex-situSAXS and TEM studies indicated that a stable biaxial distributionof the lamellar microstructure that was preferentially orientatedboth parallel and perpendicular was formed, causing a drastic changein the response of both the mechanical quantities <I>G</I>″(<I>t</I>) and <I>I</I><SUB>3/1</SUB>(<I>t</I>).</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2012/mamobx.2012.45.issue-1/ma201492n/production/images/medium/ma-2011-01492n_0020.gif'></P>

Complete Removal of NOx from Off Gas of Boiler Using Ozone & Glass Fiber Filter as a Packing Material

S. Yamauchi,M. Yasuda,S. Yamamoto,Wilhelm R. Glomm,H. Asano 한국표면공학회 2013 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2013 No.11

Spectroscopic properties of phenolic and quinoid carotenoids: a combined theoretical and experimental study

Marian, Christel M.,Kock, Sebastian C.,Hundsdorfer, Claas,Martin, Hans-Dieter,Stahl, Wilhelm,Ostroumov, Evgeny,Muller, Marc G.,Holzwarth, Alfred R. Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.2

For the natural carotenoid 3,3'-dihydroxyisorenieratene (DHIR) and two synthetic derivatives, 3,3'-dihydroxy-16,17,18,16',17',18'-hexanor-$\Phi$,$\Phi$-carotene (DHHC) and $\Phi$,$\Phi$-carotene-3,3'-dione (DHIRQ, isorenieratene-3,3'-dione), steady state absorption experiments and combined density functional and multi-reference configuration interaction calculations were carried out. In addition, femtosecond transient absorption spectra were recorded for DHIR. Due to their marked out-of-plane distortion in DHIR, the phenolic end groups participate only partially in the conjugation system. In the low-energy regime its absorption spectrum with the maximum at $21\;700\;cm^{-1}$ in acetone solution therefore closely resembles that of $\beta$-carotene, the same as for the $T_1$ energy. Further similarities are also found for the decay kinetics of the optically bright $1^1{B_u}^+$ state of these compounds. After femtosecond excitation, the $1^1{B_u}^+$ population of DHIR decays with a lifetime of 110 fs to the vibrationally hot $2^1{A_g}^-$,v state which in turn relaxes to the $2^1{A_g}^-$,0 state within 500 fs. Decay of the $2^1{A_g}^-$,0 state to the $S_0$ state occurs at a time scale of 12 ps. Demethylation of the phenolic end groups alleviates the steric repulsion by the polyene chain and causes a small red shift ($1000\;cm^{-1}$) comparing the absorption spectra of DHHC and DHIR. Oxidation of DHIR leads to drastic changes of the electronic and geometric properties. The quinoid end groups of DHIRQ are fully integrated into the conjugation system, shifting the absorption maximum to $17\;800\;cm^{-1}$ in acetone solution which thus takes a blue color. The results of the quantum chemical calculations indicate that, in addition to the $2^1{A_g}^-$ ($S_1$) state, two dark internal charge-transfer singlet states and the $1^1{B_u}^-$ state might be located energetically below the optically bright $1^1{B_u}^+$ ($S_5$) state of DHIRQ.

New developments for the mechanical characterization of materials

N. Dingenouts,M. Wilhelm 한국유변학회 2010 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.22 No.4

Rheology as a science of flow of matter is highly influenced by the topology and morphology of the investigated materials, e.g. polymer molecules. Within this publication three current developments will be presented. In the first part, the direct influence of molecular structure on the non-linear mechanical properties and the processing will be presented. In a second part, rheological methods, e.g. elongation rheology or non-linear shear (especially FT-Rheology) are further developed. Finally the combination of rheological measurements with a second characterization method (NMR, X-ray, dielectric spectroscopy etc.) is described. These new combinations gain unique information about molecular dynamic and structure of time and shear dependant phenomena.

Targeted deletion of the AAA-ATPase Ruvbl1 in mice disrupts ciliary integrity and causes renal disease and hydrocephalus

Claudia Dafinger,Markus M. Rinschen,Lori Borgal,Carolin Ehrenberg,Sander G. Basten,Mareike Franke,Martin Höhne,Manfred Rauh,Heike Göbel,Wilhelm Bloch,F. Thomas Wunderlich,Dorien J. M. Peters,Dirk Tasch 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-

Ciliopathies comprise a large number of hereditary human diseases and syndromes caused by mutations resulting in dysfunction of either primary or motile cilia. Both types of cilia share a similar architecture. While primary cilia are present on most cell types, expression of motile cilia is limited to specialized tissues utilizing ciliary motility. We characterized protein complexes of ciliopathy proteins and identified the conserved AAA-ATPase Ruvbl1 as a common novel component. Here, we demonstrate that Ruvbl1 is crucial for the development and maintenance of renal tubular epithelium in mice: both constitutive and inducible deletion in tubular epithelial cells result in renal failure with tubular dilatations and fewer ciliated cells. Moreover, inducible deletion of Ruvbl1 in cells carrying motile cilia results in hydrocephalus, suggesting functional relevance in both primary and motile cilia. Cilia of Ruvbl1-negative cells lack crucial proteins, consistent with the concept of Ruvbl1-dependent cytoplasmic pre-assembly of ciliary protein complexes.

Fabrication of Sub-10 nm Metallic Lines of Low Line-Width Roughness by Hydrogen Reduction of Patterned Metal–Organic Materials

Nedelcu, Mihaela,Saifullah, Mohammad S. M.,Hasko, David G.,Jang, Arang,Anderson, David,Huck, Wilhelm T. S.,Jones, Geraint A. C.,Welland, Mark E.,Kang, Dae Joon,Steiner, Ullrich WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.20 No.14

<P>The fabrication of very narrow metal lines by the lift-off technique, especially below sub-10 nm, is challenging due to thinner resist requirements in order to achieve the lithographic resolution. At such small length scales, when the grain size becomes comparable with the line-width, the built-in stress in the metal film can cause a break to occur at a grain boundary. Moreover, the line-width roughness (LWR) from the patterned resist can result in deposited metal lines with a very high LWR, leading to an adverse change in device characteristics. Here a new approach that is not based on the lift-off technique but rather on low temperature hydrogen reduction of electron-beam patterned metal naphthenates is demonstrated. This not only enables the fabrication of sub-10 nm metal lines of good integrity, but also of low LWR, below the limit of 3.2 nm discussed in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. Using this method, sub-10 nm nickel wires are obtained by reducing patterned nickel naphthenate lines in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere at 500 °C for 1 h. The LWR (i.e., 3 σ<SUB>LWR</SUB>) of these nickel nanolines was found to be 2.9 nm. The technique is general and is likely to be suitable for fabrication of nanostructures of most commonly used metals (and their alloys), such as iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, tungsten, molybdenum, and so on, from their respective metal–organic compounds.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Sub-10 nm nickel wires of good integrity are obtained by reducing electron-beam-patterned nickel naphthenate lines in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere at 500 °C for 1 h. The line-width roughness (i.e., 3 σ<SUB>LWR</SUB>) of these nickel nanolines is found to be 2.9 nm, which is below the limit of 3.2 nm discussed in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. <img src='wiley_img_2010/1616301X-2010-20-14-ADFM201000219-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/1616301X-2010-20-14-ADFM201000219-content'> </P>