Effects of dietary L-glutamine and glutamic acid combination, and whey powder on the performance and nutrient digestion in weaned piglets fed grain-based diets

Almeida Jonathan Mádson dos Santos,Pascoal Leonardo Augusto Fonseca,de Almeida Jorge Luiz Santos,Guerra Ricardo Romão,da Silva José Humberto Vilar,da Silva David Rwbystanne Pereira,Silva Neto Manoel R 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.12

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of including L-glutamine along with glutamic acid as a supplement in weaned piglets’ diets with and without whey powder. Methods: Two assays were carried out. A total of 40 piglets ([Landrace×Large White]× Pietrain) weaned at 24 days of age with an initial body weight of 6.6±0.6 kg were used in the first assay, and the following parameters were evaluated: growth performance, the incidence of diarrhea, morphometry, intestinal integrity, and hepatic glycogen index. The animals were then blocked into four groups according to different diets: diet all-grain feeding (G); diet all-grain feeding with whey powder (GW); and with vs without 1% supplementation of the commercial product containing L-glutamine and glutamic acid (A or NA). Whey powder was added according to the stage of life, corresponding to 17%, 10%, and 5%, respectively, in order to meet the need for lactose. The animals were evaluated at 24 to 42 days and at 24 to 55 days of age. The nutrient digestibility for the second assay was carried out by using 24 animals with an average weight of 11.49±1.6 kg, and the same diets were tested. Results: The supplementation of L-glutamine + glutamic acid or the addition of whey powder in diets for weaned piglets provided (p<0.05) greater feed intake, greater weight gain and improved feed conversion in the initial period (24 to 42 days age). However, in the whole period (24 to 55 days age) only amino acid supplementation affected (p<0.05) growth performance. There was a positive interaction (p<0.05) between the type of diet and L-glutamine + glutamic acid supplementation on villus height, crypt depth and the villus:crypt ratio in the duodenum. In addition, L-glutamine + glutamic acid supplementation reduced (p<0.05) the crypt depth and improved the villus:crypt ratio in the jejunum. The inclusion of whey powder affected (p<0.05) positively the digestibility coefficients analyzed except mineral matter digestibility coeficients. The supplementation of 1% the commercial product composed of L-glutamine and glutamic acid improved (p<0.05) only the digestibility coefficient of crude protein. Conclusion: These results indicate that supplementation of 1% commercial product containing L-glutamine + glutamic acid in diets for piglets from 24 to 55 days of age, dispenses with the use of whey powder when evaluating growth performance. Amino acid supplementation alone or associated with whey powder affects (p<0.05) positively the indicators of the intestinal integrity. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of including L-glutamine along with glutamic acid as a supplement in weaned piglets’ diets with and without whey powder.Methods: Two assays were carried out. A total of 40 piglets ([Landrace×Large White]× Pietrain) weaned at 24 days of age with an initial body weight of 6.6±0.6 kg were used in the first assay, and the following parameters were evaluated: growth performance, the incidence of diarrhea, morphometry, intestinal integrity, and hepatic glycogen index. The animals were then blocked into four groups according to different diets: diet all-grain feeding (G); diet all-grain feeding with whey powder (GW); and with vs without 1% supplementation of the commercial product containing L-glutamine and glutamic acid (A or NA). Whey powder was added according to the stage of life, corresponding to 17%, 10%, and 5%, respectively, in order to meet the need for lactose. The animals were evaluated at 24 to 42 days and at 24 to 55 days of age. The nutrient digestibility for the second assay was carried out by using 24 animals with an average weight of 11.49±1.6 kg, and the same diets were tested.Results: The supplementation of L-glutamine + glutamic acid or the addition of whey powder in diets for weaned piglets provided (p<0.05) greater feed intake, greater weight gain and improved feed conversion in the initial period (24 to 42 days age). However, in the whole period (24 to 55 days age) only amino acid supplementation affected (p<0.05) growth performance. There was a positive interaction (p<0.05) between the type of diet and L-glutamine + glutamic acid supplementation on villus height, crypt depth and the villus:crypt ratio in the duodenum. In addition, L-glutamine + glutamic acid supplementation reduced (p<0.05) the crypt depth and improved the villus:crypt ratio in the jejunum. The inclusion of whey powder affected (p<0.05) positively the digestibility coefficients analyzed except mineral matter digestibility coeficients. The supplementation of 1% the commercial product composed of L-glutamine and glutamic acid improved (p<0.05) only the digestibility coefficient of crude protein.Conclusion: These results indicate that supplementation of 1% commercial product containing L-glutamine + glutamic acid in diets for piglets from 24 to 55 days of age, dispenses with the use of whey powder when evaluating growth performance. Amino acid supplementation alone or associated with whey powder affects (p<0.05) positively the indicators of the intestinal integrity.

Provision of a protein-rich supplement for grazing suckling female beef calves to improve productive performance and metabolic response

Moreno Deilen S,Ortega Román M,Marquez David C,Moreira Thiago R,Santos Edson J dos,Almeida Daniel M de,Paulino Mário Fonseca,Rennó Luciana Navajas,Detmann Edenio 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.8

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the provision of a proteinrich supplement on productive performance, and metabolic profile on grazing suckling female beef calves in tropical conditions during 150 d of experimentation. Methods: Fifty-six Nellore suckling female calves, and their respective dams were distributed in a completely randomised design and made to undergo two treatments as follows: UNS (without supplementation), and SUP (supplementation with 5 g/kg body weight [BW] of a protein supplement). Throughout the experiment, animal performance and metabolic profile were evaluated. Also, ureagenesis and gluconeogenesis were assessed for gene expression. Results: SUP female calves showed a higher voluntary intake (p≤0.03) of the diet components evaluated, digestibility of organic matter (p≤0.02) and microbial nitrogen production (MICN; p≤0.02) compared to UNS female calves. In its turn, serum urea nitrogen (p≤0.01) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (p≤0.03) levels and ureagenesis (p≤0.04) increased in SUP female calves compared to UNS female calves. Blood glucose and triglyceride levels were not affected by supplementation. The average daily gain (ADG) from SUP female calves was higher (p≤0.02) compared with UNS female calves. However, supplementation did not affect the body measures of the animals. Conclusion: In summary, provision of a protein-rich supplement improves the intake and nutrients digestibility, ADG and final BW and increases metabolic indicators of the protein status in grazing suckling female beef calves in tropical conditions. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the provision of a protein-rich supplement on productive performance, and metabolic profile on grazing suckling female beef calves in tropical conditions during 150 d of experimentation.Methods: Fifty-six Nellore suckling female calves, and their respective dams were distributed in a completely randomised design and made to undergo two treatments as follows: UNS (without supplementation), and SUP (supplementation with 5 g/kg body weight [BW] of a protein supplement). Throughout the experiment, animal performance and metabolic profile were evaluated. Also, ureagenesis and gluconeogenesis were assessed for gene expression.Results: SUP female calves showed a higher voluntary intake (p≤0.03) of the diet components evaluated, digestibility of organic matter (p≤0.02) and microbial nitrogen production (MICN; p≤0.02) compared to UNS female calves. In its turn, serum urea nitrogen (p≤0.01) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (p≤0.03) levels and ureagenesis (p≤0.04) increased in SUP female calves compared to UNS female calves. Blood glucose and triglyceride levels were not affected by supplementation. The average daily gain (ADG) from SUP female calves was higher (p≤0.02) compared with UNS female calves. However, supplementation did not affect the body measures of the animals.Conclusion: In summary, provision of a protein-rich supplement improves the intake and nutrients digestibility, ADG and final BW and increases metabolic indicators of the protein status in grazing suckling female beef calves in tropical conditions.

Antibacterial Properties of the Extract of Abelmoschus esculentus

Carla C. C. R. de Carvalho,Priscila Almeida Cruz,M. Manuela R. da Fonseca,Lauro Xavier-Filho 한국생물공학회 2011 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.16 No.5

In this study, antimicrobial properties of both lyophilized and fresh water extracts of the okra pods were assessed against Rhodococcus erythropolis and R. opacus,Mycobacterium sp. and M. aurum, Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli, and Xanthobacter Py2. The extracts were effective against all bacterial strains tested, except R. erythropolis and the fresh extract displayed better antimicrobial properties than the lyophilized extract. A fresh extract concentration of 97.7 mg/mL was sufficient to kill all S. aureus cells, which is a worldwide source of nosocomial infection. The extract was also effective in inhibiting the growth of both Mycobacterium strains, X. Py2 and S. aureus, but was ineffective against R. erythropolis and E. coli. The lipid fraction of the okra gum was found to be responsible for the antibacterial properties and the protein and polysaccharide fractions displayed no antimicrobial activity. The two major constituents of the lipid fraction, palmitic and stearic acids, were apparently responsible for the antimicrobial properties of the okra extract.

COVID-19: Implications for Sudden Death in Parkinson’s Disease

Ana Claudia Fiorini,Marcelo Cunio Machado Fonseca,Carla Alessandra Scorza,Josef Finsterer,Antônio Márcio Rodrigues,Antônio-Carlos Guimarães de Almeida,Fulvio Alexandre Scorza 대한파킨슨병및이상운동질환학회 2021 Journal Of Movement Disorders Vol.14 No.1

Always on the lookout for articles from the Journal of Movement Disorders, one in particular has attracted much attention because scientific proposals and perspectives are fascinating [1]. In brief, Bhidayasiri et al. [1] explored very precisely the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients based on their susceptibility to severe disease, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on PD disease severity, potential long-term sequelae, and difficulties in PD management during this outbreak.

Brazilian Berry Extract Differentially Induces Inflammatory and Immune Responses in Androgen Dependent and Independent Prostate Cancer Cells

Larissa Akemi Kido,Isabela Maria Urra Rossetto,Andressa Mara Baseggio,Gabriela Bortolanza Chiarotto,Letícia Ferreira Alves,Felipe Rabelo Santos,Celina de Almeida Lamas,Mário Roberto Maróstica Jr,Valér 대한암예방학회 2022 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.27 No.3

Jaboticaba is a Brazilian berry, which is rich in fibers and bioactive compounds and shows high antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common type of cancer among men and its progression is influenced by androgens and inflammation. Previous studies reported the ability of the jaboticaba to modulate pathways involved in prostate diseases. The main objective of this study was to provide significant data about molecular targets of the jaboticaba peel extract (JPE) and its mechanisms of action in PCa cell lines with different androgenic status (LNCaP and PC-3). The results showed that JPE was able to decrease cell viability in both cell lines. LNCaP showed more sensitivity to JPE exposure, indicating the efficacy of the JPE treatment in terms of androgen responsiveness. JPE showed a distinct hormone dependent effect on the NF-κB signaling, with reduced NF-κB levels for LNCaP and increased NF-κB levels in PC-3 cells. Mechanisms related to cell death by apoptosis were stimulated after the JPE treatment, modulating B-cell lymphoma 2 and BAX for LNCaP and PC-3. Particularly for PC-3, the JPE treatment resulted in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction activation mostly by up regulating pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive genes. Also, a set of genes related to angiogenesis and metastasis were down-regulated by JPE. In conclusion, JPE exerted an antitumor effect on PCa for both cell lines which can be enhanced if androgenic reliance is considered.

Antinociceptive Action and Redox Properties of Citronellal, an Essential Oil Present in Lemongrass

Lucindo Quintans-Júnior,Ricardo Fagundes da Rocha,Fernanda Freitas Caregnato,José Claudio Fonseca Moreira,Francilene Amaral da Silva,Adriano Antunes de Souza Araújo,João Paulo Almeida dos Santos,Mônic 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.6

Citronellal (CT) is a monoterpenoid and the major constituent of the mixture of terpenoids that give the citronella oil its lemon scent. Citronella oil is widely used around the world for various purposes and is mainly obtained from plants of the Cymbopogon genus, which are known as “lemongrass.” Considering these plants have been used worldwide for various medicinal purposes, the interest of researchers to understand the biological activities of monoterpenoids related to the Cymbopogon genus has been increasing. In the present work, we investigated the antinociceptive action and the redox properties of CT. Our results indicate that intraperitoneal injection of CT was effective in reducing nociceptive face-rubbing behavior in both phases of the formalin test, which was also naloxone-sensitive. CT also evoked antinociceptive response in the capsaicin and glutamate tests. The total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter and total antioxidant reactivity assays indicate that CT at doses of 0.1 and 1 mg/mL exerts a significant antioxidant activity, which is probably related to its ability to scavenge superoxide and nitric oxide, but not H_2O_2 or hydroxyl radicals, as evaluated separately by specific in vitro tests. These results show for the first time the antinociceptive potential of CT and indicate that the antioxidant properties of this compound may rely on its mechanism of biological actions because CT-containing natural products are used to treat various diseases related to oxidative stress and reactive species.

Magnetic field dependent behavior of the CDW ground state in Per2M(mnt)2 (M = Au, Pt)

J.S. Brooks,D. Graf,E.S. Choi,M. Almeida,J.C. Dias,R.T. Henriques,M. Matos 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.5

The Per2M(mnt)2 class of organic conductors exhibit a charge density wave (CDW) ground state below about 12 K, which maybe suppressed in magnetic elds of order 2030 T. However, for both cases of counter ion M(mnt)2 species studied (M = Au (zerospin) and M = Pt (spin 1/2)), new high eld ground states evolve for further increases in magnetic eld. We report recent investi-gations where thermopower, Hall eect, high pressure and additional transport measurements have been carried out to explore thesenew high eld phases.

Oxygen and Nitrogen Reactive Species Are Effectively Scavenged by Eucalyptus globulus Leaf Water Extract

Almeida, Isabel F.,Fernandes, Eduarda,Lima, Jose L.F.C.,Valentao, Patricia,Andrade, Paula B.,Seabra, Rosa M.,Costa, P.C.,Bahia, M.F. The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.1

Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Family Myrtaceae) is a plant of Australian origin, with a reported therapeutic use in airway inflammatory diseases. Considering that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of airway inflammatory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, an effective scavenging activity against these reactive species may contribute for the therapeutic effect of this plant. In the present study, a water extract of E. globulus leaves was evaluated for its putative in vitro scavenging effects on ROS ($HO^{\cdot}$, ${O_2}^{\cdot-}$, $ROO^{\cdot}$, and $H_2O_2$) and RNS ($^{\cdot}NO$ and $ONOO^-$) and on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extract's phenolic composition were also performed. The Eucalyptus leaf water extract presented a remarkable capacity to scavenge all the reactive species tested, with all the 50% inhibitory concentrations being found at the ${\mu}g/mL$ level. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of polyphenols such as flavonoids (rutin and quercitrin) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid and ellagic acid), which may be partially responsible for the observed antioxidant activity. These observations provide further support, beyond the well-known antibacterial and antiviral activities of the Eucalyptus plant, for its reported use in traditional medicine such as in the treatment of airway inflammatory diseases, considering the important role of ROS and RNS in the inflammatory process, although further studies are needed to prove the bioavailability of the antioxidants/antibacterial compounds of the extract as well as the ability of the active compounds to reach specific tissues and to act in them.

Effects of Rudgea viburnoides (Cham.) Benth. (Rubiaceae) Leaves on Metabolic and Inflammatory Dysfunction Induced by High Refined Carbohydrate-Containing Diet in Mice

Juliana M.A. Almeida,Adaliene V.M. Ferreira,Verena B. Oliveira,Marina C. Oliveira,Mauro M. Teixeira,Maria G.L. Brandao 한국식품영양과학회 2018 Journal of medicinal food Vol.21 No.12

Obesity is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammation, which has been shown to be involved in the development of comorbidities such as insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and liver damage. Phytochemicals found in plants may modulate inflammation and improve health problems associated with the excess of adiposity. Teas prepared with many plants are used in Brazil for losing weight. In this study, we evaluated the potential of Rudgea viburnoides (Cham.) Benth. on metabolic and inflammatory disarrangement induced by high refined carbohydrate (HC)-containing diet in mice. BALB/c mice were fed with chow or HC diet for 8 weeks. After this period, the HC diet was supplemented for 4 weeks with three different doses, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg, of crude extract of R. viburnoides. Ethanol extract at the lowest dose (40 mg/kg) reduced adipocyte size, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. A lower concentration of proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and CCL2 in the liver and adipose tissue, and reduced levels of cholesterol and resistin in the serum were also observed. High concentrations of chlorogenic and caffeic acids, and the flavonoids, rutin and quercetin, were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector. Therefore, these data confirm the potential of R. viburnoides leaves as nutraceutical agents for the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory changes associated with obesity.

Spray-dried plasma attenuates inflammation and improves pregnancy rate of mated female mice

Song, M.,Liu, Y.,Lee, J. J.,Che, T. M.,Soares-Almeida, J. A.,Chun, J. L.,Campbell, J. M.,Polo, J.,Crenshaw, J. D.,Seo, S. W.,Pettigrew, J. E. American Society of Animal Science 2015 Journal of Animal Science Vol. No.

<P>Three studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary spray-dried plasma (SDP) might improve pregnancy rate by ameliorating inflammation, using mice in an experimental model that produces a low pregnancy rate. Mated female mice (C57BL/6 strain) were purchased and shipped from a vendor (Bar Harbor, ME) to the university facility (Urbana, IL) on the day the vaginal plug was found (gestation day [GD] 1), arriving at the laboratory on GD 3 after 2 d transport by air and ground. Mice (Exp. 1: <I>n</I> = 250, 16.0 ± 1.2 g BW; Exp. 2: <I>n</I> = 202, 16.2 ± 1.2 g BW; Exp. 3: <I>n</I> = 156, 16.4 ± 1.1 g BW) were housed in individual cages and randomly assigned to dietary treatments (Exp. 1: 0 [CON] and 8% SDP in the diet, ≥ 90 mice/diet; Exp. 2: 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8% SDP in the diet, ≥ 40 mice/diet; Exp. 3: 0, 1, and 8% SDP in the diet, 48 mice/diet) fed from arrival. In Exp. 1 and 2, pregnancy of each mouse was determined on GD 17 based on BW, shape of abdomen, and inspection postmortem, and maternal growth performance from GD 3 to 17 was measured. On GD 19, pregnant mice in Exp. 2 were euthanized to measure number of fetuses and fetal and placental weights. Pregnancy rates in CON were low in both Exp. 1 (11%) and Exp. 2 (7%). The SDP consistently and markedly increased (<I>P</I> < 0.05) pregnancy rates in both Exp. 1 (49%) and Exp. 2 (35–43%) compared with the CON. In Exp. 3, 12 randomly selected mice were euthanized immediately after they arrived as an initial group. From GD 4 to 7, randomly selected mice were also euthanized each day (12 mice/diet). After euthanasia, the abdominal cavity was opened to check pregnancy by uterine inspection and to collect blood and uterus samples for immune measurements. The SDP increased (<I>P</I> < 0.05; 40 vs. 15%) pregnancy rate compared with the CON. Concentrations of indicators of inflammation and stress (uterine TNF-α and IFN-γ, and serum TNF-α, C-reactive protein, and cortisol) were greatest (<I>P</I> < 0.05) and an anti-inflammatory cytokine (TGF-β1) was lowest (<I>P</I> < 0.05) soon after arrival, on GD 3 or 4. The SDP decreased (<I>P</I> < 0.05) the uterine concentrations of TNF-α and IFN-γ, and serum TNF-α, C-reactive protein, and cortisol, compared with the CON, but increased (<I>P</I> < 0.05) the uterine concentration of TGF-β1. In conclusion, dietary SDP improves the low pregnancy rates in this model, apparently by attenuating inflammation.</P>