Application of galactinol to tomato enhances tolerance to cold and heat stresses

Liu Yudong,Zhang Li,Ma Jian,Meng Sida,Pang Chunpeng,Zhao Xiaomeng,Zhang Huidong,Wang Shou,Xu Tao,He Yi,Liu Yufeng,Qi Mingfang 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.3

Galactinol, a galactosyl donor, is the key substrate in raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) biosynthesis pathways. Many studies proved that galactinol also regulates some defense-related genes to be transcribed as a sugar signal under biotic and abiotic stresses. There are four galactinol synthase (SlGolS) genes in tomato. In this study, SlGolS1, SlGolS2, and SlGolS4 responded to cold stress, especially SlGolS1 stems treated for 12 h and SlGolS4 stems treated for 24 h. Under heat stress, the expression levels of SlGolS1, SlGolS2, and SlGolS3, especially SlGolS1 and SlGolS2, increased in leaves, roots, and stems. When expressed in E. coli cells, SlGolS2 and SlGolS4 enhanced cold tolerance, whereas SlGolS1 and SlGolS3 improved heat tolerance. These results suggested that SlGolS family members played different roles in tolerance to cold and heat stresses. In addition, the application of galactinol or galactinol + α-galactosidase inhibitor (DGJ) improved the cold and heat tolerances of tomato plants, whereas the single application of DGJ had no effect. Interestingly, the applications of DGJ, galactinol, and galactinol + DGJ also affected the expression levels of SlRS, SlSTS, and SlAGAL under cold and heat stresses. These findings indicated that galactinol was involved in the biosynthesis pathways of RFOs as a galactosyl donor and regulated the expression levels of RFO biosynthesis and breakdown-related genes as a sugar signal under cold and heat stresses.

Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Insomnia Symptoms in Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder: Prevalence, Clinical Correlates, and the Relationship With Psychiatric Medications Use

Yudong Shi,Wei Li,Changhao Chen,Xiaoping Yuan,Yingying Yang,Song Wang,Zhiwei Liu,Feng Geng,Jiawei Wang,Xiangfen Luo,Xiangwang Wen,Lei Xia,Huanzhong Liu 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.11

Objective Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and insomnia symptoms are common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), which might lead to a poor prognosis and an increased risk of depression relapse. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence, and sociodemographic and clinical correlates of EDS and insomnia symptoms among adolescents with MDD.Methods The sample of this cross-sectional study included 297 adolescents (mean age=15.26 years; range=12–18 years; 218 females) with MDD recruited from three general and four psychiatric hospitals in five cities (Hefei, Bengbu, Fuyang, Suzhou, and Ma’anshan) in Anhui Province, China between January and August, 2021. EDS and insomnia symptoms, and clinical severity of depressive symptoms were assessed using Epworth sleepiness scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and Clinical Global Impression-Severity.Results The prevalence of EDS and insomnia symptoms in adolescents with MDD was 39.7% and 38.0%, respectively. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that EDS symptoms were significantly associated with higher body mass index (odds ratio [OR]=1.097, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.027–1.172), more severe depressive symptoms (OR=1.313, 95% CI=1.028–1.679), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors use (OR=2.078, 95% CI=1.199–3.601). And insomnia symptoms were positively associated with female sex (OR=1.955, 95% CI=1.052–3.633), suicide attempts (OR=1.765, 95% CI=1.037–3.005), more severe depressive symptoms (OR=2.031, 95% CI=1.523–2.709), and negatively associated with antipsychotics use (OR=0.433, 95% CI=0.196–0.952).Conclusion EDS and insomnia symptoms are common among adolescents with MDD. Considering their negative effects on the clinical prognosis, regular screening and clinical managements should be developed for this patient population.

Cloning and Functional Characterization of Putative Escherichia coli ABC Multidrug Efflux Transporter YddA

( Zhenyue Feng ),( Defu Liu ),( Ziwen Liu ),( Yimin Liang ),( Yanhong Wang ),( Qingpeng Liu ),( Zhenhua Liu ),( Zhongjing Zang ),( Yudong Cui ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.7

A putative multidrug efflux gene, yddA, was cloned from the Escherichia coli K-12 strain. A drugsensitive strain of E. coli missing the main multidrug efflux pump AcrB was constructed as a host and the yddA gene was knocked out in wild-type (WT) and drug-sensitive E. coliΔacrB to study the yddA function. Sensitivity to different substrates of WT E.coli, E. coliΔyddA, E. coliΔacrB and E. coliΔacrBΔyddA strains was compared with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays and fluorescence tests. MIC assay and fluorescence test results showed that YddA protein was a multidrug efflux pump that exported multiple substrates. Three inhibitors, ortho-vanadate, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), and reserpine, were used in fluorescence tests. Ortho-vanadate and reserpine significantly inhibited the efflux and increased accumulation of ethidium bromide and norfloxacin, while CCCP had no significant effect on YddA-regulated efflux. The results indicated that YddA relies on energy released from ATP hydrolysis to transfer the substrates and YddA is an ABC-type multidrug exporter. Functional study of unknown ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily transporters in the model organism E. coli is conducive to discovering new multidrug resistance-reversal targets and providing references for studying other ABC proteins of unknown function.

Study on the interventional path planning method of bronchoscope catheter

Yudong Bao,Xu LI,Wen Wei,Hejun Liu,Shengqian Qu 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.5

This paper presents a scientific approach to catheter intervention path planning. Firstly, it gives a three-dimensional reconstruction of bronchi using Mimics software based on CT image data. It also measures and analyzes geometric morphological data of the 3D model, which includes diameter, cross-sectional area, node spacing, and curvature at different locations. Secondly, starting from the bending structure of the catheter, Adams simulation experiments and with and without constraints of the serpentine bending structure were conducted. Comparison and analysis of the experimental results of the above three experiments to obtain the quantitative relationship of the bending angle. This study established a simple control device for interventional examination, verified the effect of the method on linear motion of the device, and provided some theoretical basis for future research to realize an automatic machine for human tracheal intervention.

Analysis of mechanical contact behavior between the catheter and trachea tissue during bronchoscopy

Yudong Bao,Shengqian Qu,Dongbo Qi,Wen Wei,Yang Zhan,Hejun Liu 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.3

As for the contact mechanics between the catheter and trachea tissue during bronchoscopy, the anterior and curved part of the catheter were selected for analysis. The material parameters of each sample were obtained by uniaxial tensile experiments. And this paper verified the stress changes during the contact process using ABAQUS software from three aspects: different material property parameters, contact angle, and catheter bending angle. The results show that: when the characteristic parameter is 90°, the force on the trachea is minimal. And the force changes in a small range when the contact angle is kept at 45°-75°. When the catheter enters the next level of the trachea, the bending part is in contact with the trachea wall. At this time, keeping the bending angle at 15°-30° helps to reduce the contact force. This study could provide a theoretical basis for surgical instruments' interventional therapy.

Over-expression of JrsHSP17.3 gene from Juglans regia confer the tolerance to abnormal temperature and NaCl stresses

Meizhi Zhai,Yudong Sun,Caixia Jia,Shaobing Peng,Zexing Liu,Guiyan Yang 한국식물학회 2016 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.59 No.5

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are an HSP subgroup and involved in environmental stress response. In the current study, to understand the role of sHSP protein in a widely distribution nut woody tree, a sHSP gene was cloned from Juglans regia (JrsHSP17.3, GeneBank No.: KT277704). Compared with control condition, the expression of JrsHSP17.3 was induced to 58.1-fold (6 h) in the roots, 86.8-fold in the stems (9 h), 50.9-fold in the leaves (6 h) under 10°C; and was up-regulated to 2.9- ∼ 79.9-fold response to 40°C for 3∼9 h; meanwhile, it was transcribed to 5.9 - ∼39.7-fold under 9 h NaCl treatment, suggesting the potential role of JrsHSP17.3 to cold, heat and NaCl stimulus. Further, JrsHSP17.3 transgenic yeasts showed improved tolerance to freezing, heat and salt stresses compared with control yeast. JrsHSP17.3 was transient over-expressed in J. regia leaves. The leaves non-transgenic (NT) and vector prokII transgenic (empty, PT) were used as control. The expression of JrsHSP17.3 was 81.6-, 125.4-, and 54.2-fold of the control lines under normal conditions, indicating the success over-expression of JrsHSP17.3. Cell damage staining and physiological index determination showed that JrsHSP17.3 transformed lines, NT and PT displayed no obvious difference under control conditions, however, after treated with 16°C, 40°C and NaCl, JrsHSP17.3 transformed lines displayed weaker cell damage, lower level of electrolyte leakages (EL) rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 content, and higher activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) as well as more accumulation of proline than NT and PT. Meanwhile, NT and PT were similar and showed no significant difference under all conditions. All of these results indicated that JrsHSP17.3 can improve plant tolerance to abnormal temperatures and NaCl stresses, it represents a potential candidate gene for molecular breeding to enhance stress tolerance in plants.

Research and Application of MAS

Guo Ruifeng,YuDong,Liu Minglie 대한전자공학회 1998 International Conference on Electronics, Informati Vol.1998 No.8

Research on eccentric compression of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete columns

Kaize Ma,Yudong Ma,Boquan Liu 국제구조공학회 2019 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.71 No.3

To study the eccentric compression behavior of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) columns, six UHPFRC columns and one high-strength concrete (HSC) column were tested. Variation parameters include load eccentricity, volume of steel fibers and stirrup ratio. The crack pattern, failure mode, bearing capacity, and deformation of the specimens were studied. The results showed that the UHPFRC columns had different failure modes. The large eccentric compression failure mode was the longitudinal tensile reinforcements yielded and many horizontal cracks appeared in the tension zone. The small eccentric compression failure mode was the longitudinal compressive reinforcements yielded and vertical cracks appeared in the compressive zone. Because of the bridging effect of steel fibers, the number of cracks significantly increased, and the width of cracks decreased. The load-deflection curves of the UHPFRC columns showed gradually descending without sudden dropping, indicating that the specimens had better deformation. The finite element (FE) analysis was performed to stimulate the damage process of the specimens with monotonic loading. The concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model was adopted to characterize the behaviour of UHPFRC. The contribution of the UHPFRC tensile strength was considered in the bearing capacity, and the theoretical calculation formulas were derived. The theoretical calculation results were consistent with the test results. This research can provide the experimental and theoretical basis for UHPFRC columns in engineering applications.

Sliding Mode Robust Control of Hydraulic Drive Unit of Hydraulic Quadruped Robot

Rui Zhu,Qingjun Yang,Yudong Liu,Rizhi Dong,Chunli Jiang,Jiaxing Song 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.4

This paper focuses on the position control of the quadruped robot hydraulic drive unit (HDU). The proposed control strategy has the advantages of excellent output tracking performance, strong robustness, no chattering and low computational complexity. HDU has the characteristics of nonlinearity and parameter uncertainty, coupled with unpredictable external interference, which makes it difficult to achieve precise position control. In this paper, we first establish the mathematical model of the HDU based on the actual parameters and obtain the state space of the system. Through the pole placement, the simplified system can easily achieve the expected control goal. Then, the state equation of the error system is constructed, and the nonlinearity, parameter uncertainty and external interference of the HDU are summarized as the matched and unmatched uncertainties of the system. The integral sliding mode control (ISMC) is used to derive the control law, and the response characteristics of the system when pole placement and state feedback H∞ control are used for the nominal control are compared. It can be concluded that the system with state feedback H∞ control for nominal control has stronger robustness and can resist the unmatched uncertainties. Finally, the control law of the simplified system is used as feedforward and combined with the ISMC of the error system, the output tracking control framework of the HDU is proposed. Simulations and experiments show that the proposed control method has excellent tracking performance and strong robustness.

The drag characteristics prediction of multi-plate frictional wet clutches in vehicle transmissions

Minghui Zhang,Yanfang Liu,Tianyan Liu,Xiangyang Xu,Jin Xu,Yudong Zhang 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.7

The multi-plate frictional wet clutch is one of the most important components in automatic transmissions. With the increasing of the rotational speed, the phenomena is tested that the drag torque firstly increases to the peak torque, and then decreases to a lower level and maintains within a certain range, and finally increases rapidly again. A fluid-structure coupled model of the whole wet clutch was established. The simulation results show that the pressure distribution is obviously nonuniform either on the frictional surface or between two sides of the clutch plate. The nonuniform pressure would cause the axial and deflection motion and so the impact would occur, which is the main reason for the drag torque’s increasing under high rotational speed. Based on the simulated results, a prediction model was built with the direct artificial neural network method. The test results show that the drag characteristics prediction model is effective and fast.