In-site Experiments on the Swelling Characteristics of a Shield Tunnel in Expansive Clay: A Case Study

Jianxiu Wang,Jiaxing Liu,Xiaotian Liu,Yunhua Jiang,Xuezeng Liu 대한토목학회 2017 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.21 No.3

Expansive soil swells, softens, and disintegrates when absorbing water, whereas it shrinks when losing water. Understanding the swelling characteristics of a shield tunnel in expansive soil is important. However, most in-site experiences on the swelling characteristics of a tunnel are obtained from the NATM tunnels constructed in swelling rock using drill and blast method; most laboratory experiments or theoretical analyses on the swelling characteristics of a shield tunnel in expansive soil are under certain hypotheses which have not been verified in actual situation. To solve the problems, the Slender West Lake tunnel was selected as the background, laboratory and in-site experiments were performed to understand the swelling characteristics of a shield tunnel in expansive clay. Four experimental sections were constructed in the actual tunnel. The measuring gauges were pre-installed in the segments in factory and the segments were installed in-site to observe the actual earth pressure and temperature during construction. The influences of expansive soil to the distributions and variations of earth pressure, bending moment, and temperature were analyzed. The increasing earth pressure was divided into three stages. Large earth pressure was detected at the top, bottom, left, and right sides of the tunnel. The earth pressure at the left and right sides was larger than that at the top and bottom. Large negative bending moment was detected at the top and bottom of the tunnel, whereas large positive bending moment was detected at the left and right sides of the tunnel. The minimum bending moment appeared at 45° oblique. The largest negative bending moment was larger than the largest positive bending moment. Based on the observations, a load mode of swelling pressure for a beam-spring model was suggested. It can be referred by the similar tunnels.

A Parallel Algorithm of String Matching Based on Message Passing Interface for Multicore Processors

Jiaxing Qu,Guoyin Zhang,Zhou Fang,Jiahui Liu 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.3

Multicore has long been considered an attractive platform for string matching. However, some existing traditional algorithms of string matching do not adapt to multicore platform, which pose new challenges to parallelism designs. In this paper, we introduce a multicore architecture with message passing interface to address these challenges. We exploit the popular Aho-Corasick algorithm for the string matching engine. Data parallelism is utilized to design optimization technique of string matching. The experiments show that an implementation of the 8-core system achieves up to 10.5 Gbps throughput on the average.

Flower development and the expression analysis, genetic transformation and functional verification of LEAFY in Juglans mandshurica

Chunping Liu,Chong Guo,Jiayou Cai,Jiaxing Song,Xiujun Lu,Lijie Zhang 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2022 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.10

Juglans mandshurica is a precious timber and economic tree species. The species is monoecious heterodichogamous with protogynous and protandrous mating strategies that occur at a 1:1 ratio and are randomly distributed in the population. The inconsistent male and female flowering periods of the same mating type result in the low yield of this species. In this study, the morphological and anatomical development of the male and female flowers of J. mandshurica were analyzed by histological and scanning electron microscopy analysis. In addtion, the crucial gene involved in plant flowering, LEAFY (LFY) was cloned from J. mandshurica by homologous cloning, and the expression analysis of JmLFY in different organs at various developmental stages and its genetic transformation and functional verification were also conducted. The results revealed that the male floral morphological development of J. mandshurica was divided into seven phases, while that of the female flower was nine. Four stages were shared between the male and female flower’s anatomical development. These results indicate that there was minimal overlap between sexual functions within the same mating type, guaranteeing synchronization, mutual non-interference, outcrossing, and avoidance of self-fertilization. Overexpression of JmLFY gene promoted the expression of flowering related genes (such as AtAP1、AtSOC1 and AtPI) and the transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth in Arabidopsis, promoted the flowering about 8d in advance. These results provide a theoretical basis for improving fruit yield and quality by artificial pollination control, shortening childhood and allocating protogynous and protandrous individuals in a population reasonably.

Erythritol production by Yarrowia lipolytica mutant strain M53 generated through atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis

Xiaoyan Liu,Jinshun Lv,Jiaxing Xu,Jun Xia,Benlin Dai,Xiangqian Xu,Jiming Xu 한국식품과학회 2017 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.26 No.4

Mutants of Yarrowia lipolytica with high erythritol production were generated through an atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutation system. Among these mutants, Y. lipolytica M53 exhibited the highest erythritol yield. In a batch culture, M53 produced 64.8 g/L erythritol from 100 g/L glycerol. The yields of byproducts (e.g. mannitol, arabitol, and a-ketoglutaric acid) were low, and the mechanisms underlying these changes were examined by measuring enzyme activities in the pentose phosphate pathway. Up to 145.2 g/L erythritol was produced by M53 from 200 g/L of glycerol, and erythritol accumulation was promoted by 3.7 mg/L of Cu2?, 10.15 mg/L of Mn2?, and 30.37 g/L of NaCl. Fed-batch cultivation of M53 in a 5-L fermentor produced 169.3 g/L erythritol with low levels of byproducts within 168 h. This finding confirmed the potential of M53 as an erythritol producer on a commercial scale.

Vulnerability of East Asian bumblebee species to future climate and land cover changes

Naeem, Muhammad,Liu, Meijuan,Huang, Jiaxing,Ding, Guiling,Potapov, Grigory,Jung, Chuleui,An, Jiandong Elsevier 2019 Agriculture, ecosystems & environment Vol.277 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Pollinators play a key role in agricultural and natural ecosystems, but their biodiversity is highly vulnerable to the impact of environmental changes. Here, we evaluated the distributional responses of 29 bumblebee species endemic to East Asia to future (2050s and 2070s) climate and land cover changes, and 17–27 (59–93 %) of the species exhibited range contraction. A decrease in species richness from 25 to 19 species in the highest region of central China was also detected due to range shifts of 17 km to 574 km. Furthermore, one (3.44%), three to five (10–17 %), and two to eight (7–28 %) of the 29 bumblebee species were predicted to become critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable in the future, respectively. Our study highlights the strong impact of environmental changes on species distributions, and we suggest strategies for the conservation of vulnerable species that include protecting the regions of high species richness and the most dominant land covers within the current range to mitigate the threat of environmental changes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Pollinators are under threat from climate and climate-induced land cover changes. </LI> <LI> Distributional responses were predicted for 29 bumblebee species in East Asia. </LI> <LI> Of the studied species, 59–93 % experienced range loss in the future. </LI> <LI> Species richness declined within central mainland China and northeastern Asia. </LI> <LI> Conserving regions with high species richness and dominant land covers is needed. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

First record of the sap beetle Phenolia picta invading Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) (Hymenoptera, Apidae) colonies

Du Lin,Liu Wenbin,Chen Xiaoshun,Licao Jinge,Ding Guiling,Guo Zhanbao,Huang Jiaxing 한국응용곤충학회 2024 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.27 No.3

In Asia, the sap beetle Phenolia (Lasiodites) picta (Macleay) (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) (hereafter P. picta) is endemic to the southeastern Palaearctic and northeastern Oriental regions. It is commonly found in orchards and plantations, where it feeds on ripe or rotten fruits. Here, P. picta was recorded for the first time to invade the hive of the Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana). Both DNA barcode and morphological data were used to identify the beetle, with the DNA barcoding comparison to the P. picta sequence in the BOLD library reaching 100% similarity. Additionally, the body sizes were measured, with the males averaging 7.87 ± 0.21 mm in length and the females averaging 8.27 ± 0.15 mm. The beetle’s body colour is primarily brownish with yellowish to pale orange spots on the elytra. P. picta invades the honey bee hive, feeds on honey and bee pupae, and tunnels through the comb, which causes the honey bees to abandon their hive. Such invasions could have severe impacts on honey bee colonies. This report provides essential information for beekeepers to use when identifying P. picta, which could be useful for preventing and controlling parasitic beetles.

Effects of dietary n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio on growth performance, blood indexes, tissue fatty acid composition and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling related genes in finishing pigs

Chen, Jing,Cui, Hongze,Liu, Xianjun,Li, Jiantao,Zheng, Jiaxing,Li, Xin,Wang, Liyan Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.5

Objective: This study investigated the effects of dietary n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio on growth performance, blood indexes, tissue fatty acid composition and the gene expression in finishing pigs. Methods: Seventy-two crossbred ([Duroc×Landrace]×Yorkshire) barrows (68.5±1.8 kg) were fed one of four isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 2:1, 3:1, 5:1, and 8:1. Results: Average daily gain, average daily feed intake and gain-to-feed ratio had quadratic responses but the measurements were increased and then decreased (quadratic, p<0.05). The concentrations of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and interleukin 6 were linearly increased (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio, while that of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol tended to decrease (p = 0.062), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol:low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and leptin concentration were linearly decreased (p<0.05). The concentration of serum adiponectin had a quadratic response but the measurement was decreased and then increased (quadratic, p<0.05). The proportion of C18:3n-3 was linearly decreased (p<0.05) in the longissimus thoracis (LT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) as dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio increasing, while the proportion of C18:2n-6 and n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio were linearly increased (p<0.05). In addition, the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and lipoprotein lipase in the LT and SCAT, and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in the SCAT had quadratic responses but the measurements were increased and then decreased (quadratic, p<0.05). The expression of HSL in the LT was linearly decreased (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio. Conclusion: Dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio could regulate lipid and fatty acid metabolism in blood and tissue. Reducing dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio (3:1) could appropriately suppress expression of related genes in PPARγ signaling, and result in improved growth performance and n-3 PUFA deposition in muscle and adipose tissue in finishing pigs.

Dewatering of a 32.55 m Deep Foundation Pit in MAMA Under Leakage Risk Conditions

Jianxiu Wang,Xiaotian Liu,Jiaxing Liu,Linbo Wu,Qingfeng Guo,Qian Yang 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.8

A 2,250 mm whirlpool foundation pit is located in Donghai Island, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China. The layers of theisland are composed of multi-aquifers and multi-aquitards (MAMA). The aquifers are intersected by partial aquitard lenses. A largeconfined aquifer is frequently interbedded and separated into several sub-confined aquifers by partial aquitards. In the 2,250 mmfoundation pit, the water level of two confined aquifers was reduced to satisfy excavation requirements and prevent water inrush. Construction of the 32.55 m deep foundation pit encountered MAMA and potential defects of the diaphragm wall. The pumpingwells in the second confined aquifer were used to reduce the water level to ensure the safety of bottom excavation. The pumpingwells in the first confined aquifer were used to reduce the water level under emergency conditions to prevent potential water inrushand piping from the defects of the diaphragm wall. Field pumping tests and numerical simulations were performed to determine therisk of leakage and verify the capability of the pumping wells to reduce the water level. Quicksand occurred during shallowexcavation because of leakage although the confined aquifer had been cut off and pumped for a long time. Three pumping wells wereinstalled to reduce the water level. When the foundation pit was excavated to a depth of 24 m, water inrush occurred at the middle ofthe pit bottom although the water level of the dewatered aquifer had been reduced to below the excavation face. A 90 m deepborehole was found where the underlying confined aquifer below the first aquifer induced the water inrush. Although the upper waterlevel was reduced, the high water level in the deep part still induced water inrush. The pumping wells in the second aquifer were allopened, and the water level of the underlying confined aquifer was reduced. After the water level was reduced to below the pitbottom, the borehole was filled, and the water inrush stopped. However, water inrush occurred on the cracks of the diaphragm wall aspredicted. The pre-installed pumping wells were opened to control the water inrush. The deepest foundation pit on the island wasconstructed successfully after dealing with the water inrush and leakages.

Limited Clinical Utility of Lipid-Laden Macrophage Index of Induced Sputum in Predicting Gastroesophageal Reflux-Related Cough

Dong Junguo,Huang Junfeng,Liu Jiaxing,Tang Yufang,Sivapalan Dhinesan,Lai Kefang,Zhong Nanshan,Luo Wei,Chen Ruchong 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.5

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common cause of chronic cough (CC). However, the diagnosis of GERD associated with CC based on 24-hour esophageal pH-monitoring or favorable response to empirical anti-reflux trials is invasive and time-consuming. Lipid-laden macrophages (LLMs) are supposed to be a biomarker for micro-aspiration of gastric content in the respiratory tract. This study was conducted to collect LLMs by the sputum induction technique and observe the relationship among the amount of LLMs, cough severity, parameters of 24-hour esophageal pH-monitoring and therapeutic response. The 24-hour esophageal pH-monitoring and sputum induction were performed on 57 patients with suspected GERD associated with CC. Thirty-four patients were followed up after empirical anti-reflux trials of 8 weeks to record the therapeutic response. Lipid-laden macrophage index (LLMI), a semiquantitative counting of LLMs, showed no significant correlation with the values of 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring at the proximal or remote electrode. No difference in LLMI or DeMeester score, as well as cough symptom association probability, were found between the responders and the non-responders. Reflux symptoms were more common in the responders (50%) compared to the non-responders (6%) (P < 0.05). Our study suggests that LLMI shows limited utility in clinically diagnosing GERD associated with CC as an underlying etiology or in predicting response to anti-reflux therapy. Anti-reflux therapy is more effective for CC patients with reflux symptoms than for those without.

Research and Improvement on Active Compliance Control of Hydraulic Quadruped Robot

Rui Zhu,Qingjun Yang,Jiaxing Song,Shangru Yang,Yudong Liu,Qi Mao 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2021 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.19 No.5

This paper focuses on active compliance control of hydraulic quadruped robot, especially the analysis of the inner-loop of the coupled system. Current researches on active compliance control regard the bandwidth of the inner loop of the system as infinite, while ignoring that the extra-load will cause the inner-loop response characteristics to deteriorate when the leg is in the stance phase. In this work, we first briefly introduced the structure of the robot, and its kinematics and dynamics are analyzed. Next, the robot’s active compliance control framework is established, and the inner-loop two-cylinder coupling system is analyzed in depth. It can be concluded that the existence of low frequency poles in the system is the main reason for the poor response characteristics. Then through the analysis of the state equation and transfer function matrix of the multi-input multi-output system, we show that the equivalent hydraulic spring stiffness (EHSS) is the main factor affecting the zero-pole distribution. Furthermore, we optimize the structure to increase the EHSS to improve the response characteristics of the system. Finally, the co-simulation platform and single-leg experiment bench are introduced. The simulation and experimental results show that the response speed of the inner-loop control is significantly improved after optimization, and the robot with active compliance control strategies can significantly reduce the impact of the foot.