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Li, Qing Ri,Dong, Guang Ri,Park, Sook Jin,Hong, Yong Rae,Kim, In Su,Jung, Young Hoon WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 European journal of organic chemistry Vol.2013 No.20
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A concise asymmetric formal synthesis of (–)‐swainsonine from readily available <SMALL>D</SMALL>‐erythronolactone is described. The key steps include a highly diastereoselective amination of a chiral benzylic ether, which occurs with the retention of stereochemistry using chlorosulfonyl isocyanate, and a palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative <I>N</I>‐allylation of an allyl carbamate.</P>
Qing‑Ri Cao,Xiao‑Xue Zhang,Hao‑Yan Huang,Li‑Qing Chen,Hehua Jin,Beom‑Jin Lee,Jing‑Hao Cui 한국약제학회 2019 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.49 No.1
The application of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as drug carriers is limited by their poor dispersal in aqueous medium. This study aimed to prepare chitosan (CS)-modified SWCNTs (CS-SWCNTs) and to evaluate their physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity. Oxidized SWCNTs (O-SWCNTs) were prepared with the use of strong acid, and the effects of acidizing conditions on the oxidation degree of the O-SWCNTs were investigated. CS was then non-covalently modified on the surfaces of O-SWCNTs. O-SWCNTs and CS-SWCNTs were characterized through ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The cytotoxic effects of the functionalized SWCNTs were determined through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. O-SWCNTs with relatively complete structure were successfully synthesized through 5 h of treatment with 5 M acid. The amine group of the CS and the carboxyl group of O-SWCNTs interacted in CS-SWCNTs. The functionalized SWCNTs did not aggregate or precipitate in water and exerted no cytotoxic effects on A549 and MCF-7 tumor cells. The CS-SWCNTs possess the advantages of a simple preparation process, excellent water dispersibility, and biocompatibility for drug loading.
전기분무에 의한 생분해성 폴리포스파젠 마이크로입자의 제조
Li Wei Xue,Qing Cai,유승곤(Seung Kon Ryu),Ri Guang Jin 한국고분자학회 2011 폴리머 Vol.35 No.5
Biodegradable poly[(glycine ethyl ester)-(phenylalanine ethyl ester) phosphazene](PGPP) microparticles were fabricated by electrohydrodynamic atomization to apply drug release test. Atomization parameters such as applied voltage, polymer concentration, and molecular weight were investigated to inspect their effects on the size and morphology of microparticles. The average diameter of PGPP microparticles decreased as increasing applied voltage and solution flow rate. Dichloromethane/ dioxane mixture shows better results for the preparation of microparticles than single solvent owing to the different PGPP solubility in solvent. Blending PGPP polymers with proper molecular weights not only favored the production of spherical PGPP microparticles via electrohydrodynamic atomization, but also provided a way to adjust drug (rifampicin) release behavior. Drug-loaded biodegradable polyphosphazene microspheres can be fabricated via electrohydrodynamic atomization, which has potential use in biomedical applications.
Inhibition of Poly(I:C)-Induced Inflammation by Salvianolic Acid A in Skin Keratinocytes
( Qing-ling Zhang ),( Ri-hua Jiang ),( Xue Mei Li ),( Jung-woo Ko ),( Chang Deok Kim ),( Ming Ji Zhu ),( Jeung-hoon Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2019 Annals of Dermatology Vol.31 No.3
Background: Skin keratinocytes participate actively in inducing immune responses when external pathogens are introduced, thereby contributing to elimination of pathogens. However, in condition where the excessive inflammation is occurred, chronic skin disease such as psoriasis can be provoked. Objective: We tried to screen the putative therapeutics for inflammatory skin disease, and found that salvianolic acid A (SAA) has an inhibitory effect on keratinocyte inflammatory reaction. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effects of SAA in poly(I:C)-induced inflammatory reaction in skin keratinocytes. Methods: We pre-treated keratinocytes with SAA then stimulated with poly(I:C). Inflammatory reaction of keratinocytes was verified using real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. Results: When skin keratinocytes were pre-treated with SAA, it significantly inhibited poly (I:C)-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and CCL20. SAA inhibited poly(I:C)-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling. And SAA also inhibited inflammasome activation, evidenced by decrease of IL-1β secretion. Finally, SAA markedly inhibited poly(I:C)-induced NLRP3 expression. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that SAA has an inhibitory effect on poly(I:C)-induced inflammatory reaction of keratinocytes, suggesting that SAA can be developed for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis. (Ann Dermatol 31(3) 279∼285, 2019)
( Gui-qing Liu ),( Xue-hong Qiu ),( Li Cao ),( Ri-chou Han ) 한국균학회 2018 Mycobiology Vol.46 No.4
The entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris is a valuable medicinal ascomycete, which degenerates frequently during subsequent culture. To avoid economic losses during industrialized production, scratching stimuli of mycelia was introduced to improve the fruiting body production. The present results indicated that higher yields and biological efficiency were obtained from two degenerate strains (YN1-14 and YN2-7) but not from g38 (an insertional mutant in Rhf1 gene with higher yields and shorter growth periods). Furthermore, the growth periods of the fruiting bodies were at least 5 days earlier when the mycelia were scratched before stromata differentiation. Three ROS-scavenging genes including Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CmSod1), Glutathione peroxidase (CmGpx), and Catalase A (CmCat A) were isolated and their expression profiles against scratching were determined in degenerate strain YN1-14 and mutant strain g38. At day 5 after scratching, the expression level of CmGpx significantly decreased for strain g38, but that of CmSod1 significantly increased for YN1-14. These results indicated that scratching is an effective way to promote fruiting body production of degenerate strain, which may be related at least with Rhf1 and active oxygen scavenging genes.
Guang Ri Dong,Qing Ri Li,우설희,정영훈,김인수 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.11
This paper reports a novel synthetic method for the preparation of various urethanes and the application to the synthesis of carisbamate. The reaction of primary (2a, 2e and 2f) or secondary (2g-2i) trimethylsilyl ethers with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate afforded the corresponding urethanes in good yields without affecting the olefin moiety. However, in the case of secondary benzylic trimethylsilyl ether 2j, the corresponding urethane 3j was obtained in low yield. From the difference in reactivity between the primary and secondary benzylic trimethylsilyl ethers, the one-pot synthesis of carisbamate 1 from bis-trimethylsilyl ether 2l was achieved.
Dong, Guang-Ri,Li, Qing-Ri,Woo, Seol-Hee,Kim, In-Su,Jung, Young-Hoon 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.11
This paper reports a novel synthetic method for the preparation of various urethanes and the application to the synthesis of carisbamate. The reaction of primary (2a, 2e and 2f) or secondary (2g-2i) trimethylsilyl ethers with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate afforded the corresponding urethanes in good yields without affecting the olefin moiety. However, in the case of secondary benzylic trimethylsilyl ether 2j, the corresponding urethane 3j was obtained in low yield. From the difference in reactivity between the primary and secondary benzylic trimethylsilyl ethers, the one-pot synthesis of carisbamate 1 from bis-trimethylsilyl ether 21 was achieved.
Kim, In Su,Li, Qing Ri,Dong, Guang Ri,Kim, Yoo Chang,Hong, Yeon Ju,Lee, Momi,Chi, Ki-Whan,Oh, Joa Sub,Jung, Young Hoon WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Vol.2010 No.8
<P>The concise synthesis of the lentiginosine analogues pyrrolizidine alkaloid 2 and pyrroloazepine alkaloid 3 has been achieved from inexpensive and readily available D-lyxose. The key steps in the synthesis included regio- and diastereoselective amination, inter- or intramolecular olefin metathesis, and Appel cyclization. The anti-3,4-amino alcohol 6, essential for the preparation of the title compounds 2 and 3, was synthesized by the regio- and diastereoselective amination of anti-3,4-tribenzyl ether 7 using chlorosulfonyl isocyanate. The reaction of 7 with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate in toluene at 0 °C afforded 6 exclusively with a diastereoselectivity of 26:1 in 84 % yield. These results can be explained by the neighboring-group effect, which leads to retention of thestereochemistry.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>The total synthesis of the lentiginosine analogues pyrrolizidine alkaloid 2 and pyrroloazepine alkaloid 3 starting from readily available D-lyxose has been achieved by the regio- and diastereoselective allylic amination of the anti-3,4-tribenzyl ether using chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI), intra- or intermolecular olefin metathesis, andAppel cyclization. <img src='wiley_img_2010/1434193X-2010-2010-8-EJOC200901443-fig000.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/1434193X-2010-2010-8-EJOC200901443-fig000'> </P>
Xu, Xin-fang,Cheng, Xian-long,Lin, Qing-hua,Li, Sha-sha,Jia, Zhe,Han, Ting,Lin, Rui-chao,Wang, Dan,Wei, Feng,Li, Xiang-ri The Korean Society of Ginseng 2016 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.40 No.4
Background: Mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) and cultivated ginseng (CG) both belong to Panax ginseng and have similar ingredients. However, their pharmacological activities are different due to their significantly different growth environments. Methods: An ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)-based approach was developed to distinguish MCG and CG. Multivariate statistical methods, such as principal component analysis and supervised orthogonal partial-least-squares discrimination analysis were used to select the influential components. Results: Under optimized UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS conditions, 40 ginsenosides in both MCG and CG were unambiguously identified and tentatively assigned. The results showed that the characteristic components of CG and MCG included ginsenoside Ra3/isomer, gypenoside XVII, quinquenoside R1, ginsenoside Ra7, notoginsenoside Fe, ginsenoside Ra2, ginsenoside Rs6/Rs7, malonyl ginsenoside Rc, malonyl ginsenoside Rb1, malonyl ginsenoside Rb2, palmitoleic acid, and ethyl linoleate. The malony ginsenosides are abundant in CG, but higher levels of the minor ginsenosides were detected in MCG. Conclusion: This is the first time that the differences between CG and MCG have been observed systematically at the chemical level. Our results suggested that using the identified characteristic components as chemical markers to identify different ginseng products is effective and viable.