DISCOVERY OF A FAINT QUASAR AT <i>z</i> ∼ 6 AND IMPLICATIONS FOR COSMIC REIONIZATION

Kim, Yongjung,Im, Myungshin,Jeon, Yiseul,Kim, Minjin,Choi, Changsu,Hong, Jueun,Hyun, Minhee,Jun, Hyunsung David,Karouzos, Marios,Kim, Dohyeong,Kim, Duho,Kim, Jae-Woo,Kim, Ji Hoon,Lee, Seong-Kook,Pak, IOP Publishing 2015 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.813 No.2

<P>Recent studies suggest that faint active galactic nuclei may be responsible for the reionization of the universe. Confirmation of this scenario requires spectroscopic identification of faint quasars (M-1450 > -24 mag) at z greater than or similar to 6, but only a very small number of such quasars have been spectroscopically identified so far. Here, we report the discovery of a faint quasar IMS J220417.92+011144.8 at z similar to 6 in a 12.5 deg(2) region of the SA22 field of the Infrared Medium-deep Survey (IMS). The spectrum of the quasar shows a sharp break at similar to 8443 angstrom, with emission lines redshifted to z = 5.944 +/- 0.002 and rest-frame ultraviolet continuum magnitude M-1450 = -23.59 +/- 0.10 AB mag. The discovery of IMS J220417.92+011144.8 is consistent with the expected number of quasars at z similar to 6 estimated from quasar luminosity functions based on previous observations of spectroscopically identified low-luminosity quasars. This suggests that the number of M-1450 similar to 23 mag quasars at z similar to 6 may not be high enough to fully account for the reionization of the universe. In addition, our study demonstrates that faint quasars in the early universe can be identified effectively with a moderately wide and deep near-infrared survey such as the IMS.</P>

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

수유 요인에 따른 유치열의 치면별 우식패턴

임경욱,이광희,라지영,안소연,김윤희 大韓小兒齒科學會 2010 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.37 No.2

연구목적은 모유 또는 분유 섭취 시 나타나는 유치열의 치면별 우식패턴에 차이가 없으며 수유기간에 따른 차이도 없다는 가설을 검증하는 것이었다. 익산시, 청주시, 울산광역시의 36-71 개 월 어린이 815명을 대상으로 구강검사로 치면별 우식경험도를 조사하고, 보호자들을 대상으로 설문지 조사법으로 모유와 분유 중에서 생후 1년간 주로 수유한 것과 수유 기간을 조사하였다. 모유군과 분유군 간 우식경험유치면수(dmf)의 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 모유군에서 분유군보다 우식경험도가 더 높았던 유치군은 상악 유전치이었고, 유치면군은 상악 유전치 협설면과 인접면이었으며, 유치는 상악 유절치와 상하악 제2유구치이었고, 유치면은 상악 유중절치의 협면과 원섬면, 상악 유측절치의 협설면, 인접면, 상악 제2유구치의 설면, 인접면, 교합면, 하악 제2유구치의 협면, 원심면이었다. 모유군에서 수유기간이 증가함에 따라 우식경험유치면수가 증가한 유치군은 상악 유전치와 상악 유구치이었고, 유치면군은 상악 유전치의 인접면, 상악 유구치의 협설면, 인접면, 교합면, 하악 유구치의 인접면이었으며, 유치는 상악 유전치, 상악 유구치, 하악 제 2유구치이었고, 유치면에서는 상악 유전치의 인접면, 상악 제 1유구치의 협설면, 인접면, 교합면, 상악 제 2유구치의 협면, 하악 제 2유구치의 근심면이었다. 분유군에서는 수유기간 3년 이상에서 우식경험유치면수가 증가하였으나 차이가 유의하지 않았다. 수유와 관련되어 발생하는 상악 유절치의 중증 유아기 우식증은 분유를 수유하는 경우보다 모유를 수유하는 경우에 더 많이 발생하였다. 모유 수유를 2년 이상 하는 경우에는 상악 유절치의 우식 예방을 위한 조치가 필요하다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the tooth surface caries patterns in the primary dentition according to breast or bottle feeding. The subjects of study were 815 children, 36 to 71 months old, in Iksan, Cheongju and Ulsan cities. The caregivers of the children were asked which they fed between the breast milk and the infant formula during the 1st year after birth and the duration of feeding. There was no significant difference in dmfs between the breast milk group and the infant formula group(significance level 0.05, same below). Tooth groups, tooth surface groups, teeth, and tooth surfaces which had significantly higher dmfs in the breast milk group than in the infant formula group were upper anterior teethttooth groups), upper incisors' buccal and proximal surfacesttooth surface groups), upper incisors and upper second molars (teeth), upper central incisors' buccal and distal surfaces, upper lateral incisors' buccolingual and proximal surfaces, upper 2nd molars' lingual. proximal. and occlusal surfaces, and lower 2nd molars' buccal and distal surfaces. In the breast milk group, tooth groups, tooth surface groups, teeth, and tooth surfaces which dmfs significantly increased as the duration of the feeding increased were upper anterior teeth and upper molars (tooth groups), upper anterior teeth's proximal surfaces, upper molars' buccolingual, proximal, and occlusal surfaces, lower molars' proximal surfacesttooth surface groups), upper anterior teeth, upper molars, lower 2nd molars (teeth), upper anterior teeth's proximal surfaces, upper 1st molars' buccolingual, proximal. and occlusal surfaces, upper 2nd molars' buccal surfaces, and lower 2nd molars' mesial surfaces (tooth surfaces). In the infant formula group, dmfs increased after 3 years of feeding, but the difference was not significant. Caries prevention is necessary in case of breastfeeding more than two years.

우리나라 어린이와 청소년의 구강건강을 위한 공공서비스의 현황과 전망

이광희,김지영,송지현,김윤희,임경욱,정승열 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

소아치과학이 목표로 하는 어린이와 청소년의 구강건강을 달성하기 위하여는 민간 치과의료기관에서 내원 환자를 대상으로 하는 진료만으로는 한계가 있으며 공공서비스(公共service)의 역할이 필요하다. 학교구강보건설이 설치된 초등학교는 전체의 7.2%이었고,초등학교 중에서 불소용액양치사업을 수행한 비율은 57.5%, 급식 후 집단잇솔질을 한 비율은 46.9%이었으며,초등학생 중에서 구강보건교육을 받은 비율은 48.0%, 치아홈메우기를 받은 비율은 12.4%이었다(2006년). 0∼6세 영유아의 약 42%가 지난 1년간 구강검진,불소도포,치면세마,치아홈메우기 중 하나 이상의 예방적 치과진료를 받았으며,받은 장소는 교육시설이 약 18%, 보건소가 약 1%이었다(2005년). 불소농도가 조정된 수돗물을 마시는 인구 비율은 전국 평균이 5.7%이었다(2006년). 학교구강보건사업의 발전을 위해서 행정의 일원화,보건교사에 대한 교육,구강보건교사제도의 도입,순회 학교치과의사와 학교치과병원을 통한 포괄적 진료서비스의 제공 등을 고려할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 아동·청소년 주치의제의 도입으로 민간기관을 통해 공공서비스를 강화하는 방안이 검토되고 있다. To achieve the dental health of children and adolescents which is the objective of the pediatric dentistry, the role of the public service should be increased. The basis of the public service is established by many laws of which the Dental Health Law is most important. The percentages of primary schools that had the school dental health clinic, that implemented the fluoride rinsing program, and that implemented the group toothbrushing after lunch were 7.2%, 57.5%, and 46.9%, respectively, and the percentages of primary school children that received the dental health education and that received the fissure sealing were 48.0% and 12.4%, respective1y(2006). About 42% of infants and preschool children from 0 to 6 years received preventive dental care in the last one year, at the nursery or kindergarten(18%) or at the health center(1%)(2005). The percentage of the health centers that implemented water fluohdation was 11.3%, and the percentage of the population who drank the fluoridated water was 5.7 %(2006). It was suggested that the school dental health administration should be unified, that dental health teachers should be employed, and that the comprehensive dental health care should be supplied to all the children and adolescents through the circuit school dentists and the school dental hospitals in the long term. Also, the dentist in charge system for the children and adolescent was suggested.

부산·경남지역의 향토 별미김치 종류와 특징

이경임,이숙희,한지숙,박건영 부산대학교 김치연구소 1995 김치의 과학과 기술 Vol.1 No.-

This study was conducted to summarize the known kinds and characteristics of traditional special kimchies in Pusan and Kyungnam province. The taste of kimchi varies from region to region within Korea. In the southern part of the country, where the weather is much warmer, more salt is added along with salted anchovy (Myulchi Jeot), and the kimchi is less juicy and richer in flavor. More than 180 different varieties of kimchi are reported in Korea, but there are 30∼40 different kinds of kimchi in Pusan and Kyungnam province depending on the main ingredients are known. Puchu kimchi (leek kimchi), Uung kimchi (burdock kimchi), Kongnip kimchi (soybean leaf kimchi), Jeonbok kimchi (abalone kimchi), Pa kimchi (green onion kimchi), and Kkennip kimchi (perilla leaf kimchi) are the typical traditional special kimchi in Pusan and Kyungnam province. Todays, dietary culture has been gradually changed, and diminished the local characteristics. Also, these tendency appears in the taste of the traditional special kimchi. However, it still remains the distinction in the taste, ingredients and the methods of preparation of kimchies in Pusan and Kyungnam province. In this paper, the dispersed informations on the kinds, characteristics, and the preparation method of the special kimchies known in literatures and inherited persons in Pusan and Kyungnam province were tried to put together.

쇠고기 특성에 대한 소비자 평가분석

이계임,최지현 한국농업정책학회, 한국축산경영학회 2000 농업경영정책연구 Vol.27 No.1

Identifying the implicit valuations of beef characteristics in the Korean market has important policy implications for the Korean beef industry. Hedonic price model was applied to estimate beef characteristic values. The beef grading data from Animal Products Grading Service(APGS) were used in the analysis. The results indicate that selected carcass characteristics have significant effects on the price paid for Korean beef carcass. In particular, marbling plays a substantial role in determining the price of beef carcass, which underscores the importance of marbling in the Korean market.

소비자의 농산물 표시 이용현황과 개선방향

이계임,최지현,김민정 한국식품유통학회 2004 食品流通硏究 Vol.21 No.4

The purpose of this study is to evaluate current food labeling system based on consumer survey and to suggest policy directions for the future demand. The survey showed that consumers are mostly concerned about country of origin labeling for vegetables, and the place produced and country of origin labeling for fruits. Only 15 percent of consumers have recognized types of organic food labeling and its certifications, impling government's public information are not well conducted. In order to promote understanding and utilization of food labeling, it is necessary to improve the style of labeling such as the size and location based on consumers' need. The basic idea for the improvement of public information for food labeling includes following aspects : consistent public relations for food labeling by news media, providing information related to food labeling through the related web site and hot telephone line, strengthening role and function of volunteer's monitering system.

열처리를 통한 SNCM220강 권축의 피로특성 향상에 관한 연구

이호성,임지우,임병수 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1997 論文集 Vol.48 No.2

To find out the reason of fracture, specimens were made from the fractured winding shaft and the mechanical properties as well as their microstructures were investigated. Several heat treatments, including caburizing and tempering, were carried out to improve the microstructure, mechanical properties, fatigue crack propagation and rotating bending fatigue characteristics. Through these experiments, following conclusions were obtained, (1) Carburized and tempered specimens showed greatly improved mechanical properties including impact energy, hardness and strength. (2) Crack propagation of the carburized and tempered specimens were faster than that of the original fractured specimens under the same ΔK. However, it was found that, in the early stage, the fatigue crack initiation and growth for the carburized and tempered specimen was more difficult. (3) The fatigue strength of the carburized and tempered specimens increased more than twice than that of the original fractured winding shaft.

전통장류의 일본수출시장 분석

이계임,최지현 한국농업정책학회, 한국축산경영학회 2003 농업경영정책연구 Vol.30 No.3

This study suggests the export strategies of the Korean traditional soybean paste products(KTSPPs) to Japan. The strategies are introduced by conducting Japanese consumer's preferences survey for the KTSPPs and Japanese soybean paste products market. The result showed that the KTSPPs were highly preferred among Japanese, however, the product differentiation of KTSPPs is very important to enhance the export due to the similar Korean products marketed in Japan. to promote the export of KTSPPs to Japan, advertizing and promotion of KTSPPs like Kimchi and Ginseng should be enforced. Expanding the loan support for the package design as well as packing facilities to the local manufacturers is needed to promote the export.

석면관련 폐질환의 진단에 있어서 흉부고해상도전산화단층촬영검사(HRCT)의 유용성

이현재,손지언,,홍영습,,이영일,예병진,유창훈,정갑열,김상훈,임형준,장은철,김정만,김준연 大韓産業醫學會 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.2

목적: 석면에 노출된 근로자에서 석면관련 폐질환의 양상을 분석하고 진단에 있어 HRCT의 유용성을 연구하여 석면에 대한 의학적 감시프로그램의 개발에 기여하고자 하였다. 방법: 석면에 직접 노출되는 작업자 68명과 간접 노출되는 작업자 94명 등 총 162명에 대해 OSHA 석면 표준, 의학적 감시 프로그램에 따라 단순 흉부방사선검사, 폐활량검사 및 우리나라 실정에 맞게 일부 수정한 의학적 설문지를 통해 면접조사의 방식으로 환자에 관한 정보를 수집하였으며, 자료의 신뢰성을 확보하기 위하여 면접조사는 1달 이상의 기간을 두고 2차례에 걸쳐 실시된 후 확인, 수정하였다. 또한, 석면관련 폐질환을 확진하기 위하여 HRCT를 추가적으로 실시하였다. 결과: HRCT결과 석면관련 폐질환의 유병율은 162명의 근로자중 17명으로 10.5%였는데, 직접 노출군에서 10명 (14.7%), 간접 노출군에서 7명 (7.4%)이었다. HRCT와 비교할 때 단순 흉부방사선검사의 민감도와 특이도는 각각 70.6%와 98.6%이었고, 양성 예측도와 음성 예측도는 각각 85.7%와 96.6%으로, HRCT는 단순흉부방사선검사에 비해 민감도가 높아 초기 석면관련 폐질환을 진단하는데 효과적이었다. 석면관련 폐질환의 진단에 있어 HRCT와 폐활량검사 사이에 유의한 관련성이 관찰되었다. HRCT 결과 석면관련 폐질환의 유무와 의학적 설문조사 결과의 빈도분석을 실시한 결과, 유의한 변수는 작업기간, 흡연량, 호흡기질환의 과거력, 기침, 호흡곤란이었다. 결론: HRCT는 석면관련 폐질환의 진단에 있어 단순 흉부방사선검사와 비교하여 민감도가 높아 초기 진단에 유용하므로 단순 흉부방사선선검사 결과 석면관련 폐질환소견을 보일 때뿐만 아니라, 정상소견을 보이더라도 폐활량 검사결과와 근무력, 흡연력, 호흡기질환의 과거력, 기침, 호흡곤란 등의 호흡기 증상을 참고하여 HRCT검사를 고려해야 한다. 또한, 본 연구에서 관련성이 없었던 요인들에 대해서도 향후 연관성을 규명하는 광범위한 전향적 연구가 필요하다. Objectives: This study was carried out to improve the medical surveillance program of workers exposed to asbestos by examining the usefulness of High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) in the diagnosis of asbestos-related lung disease. Methods: The study subjects comprised 162 workers in a ship-repairing yard, 68 of whom had been directly exposed to asbestos and 94 indirectly exposed. The 'Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) asbestos standard, medical surveilance program' and HRCT were conducted to analyze the aspects of the asbestos-related lung disease. The OSHA asbestos standard, medical surveilance program consists of simple chest x-ray, spirometry and medical questionnarie. Results: Seventeen (10.5%) of the 162 subjects, 10 (14.7%) directly exposed and 7 (7.4%) indirectly exposed, revealed asbestos-related lung disease on HRCT. The sensitivity and specificity of simple chest x-ray for asbestos-related lung disease were 70.6% and 98.6%, and the positive and negative predictive values were 85.7% and 96.6% respectively, as compared with HRCT, HRCT was an effective diagnostic tool especially to detect early asbestos-related lung disease. The study results indicated a relative significant association between the results of spirometry and HRCT. The variables significantly associated with asbestos-related lung disease on HRCT were work duration, smoking history (pack-years), past history of respiratory disease, cough and dyspnea. Conclusions: In the diagnosis of asbestos-related lung disease, HRCT should be considered not only for workers with positive findings on simple chest x-ray, but also workers with specific findings on spirometry, occupational history, smoking history, and past history of respiratory disease, or with respiratory symptoms such as cough and dyspnea.