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The Origin of Diamonds (II). Theoretical Study
R. Everett Langford Korean Chemical Society 1978 대한화학회지 Vol.22 No.3
자연 다이아몬드의 생성에 관한 여러가지 이론적인 검토를 해보았다. 특히 강조한 것은 다이아몬드의 생성이 기체에서 생긴다는 이론이다. 영구용 질양분석기의 검체안에서 분쇠 검출된 자연 다이아몬드내에 모인 기체에서 보아 다이아몬드의 생성에 대한 그 외계의 기체조성을 검토 제의한다. $200^{\circ}C$, 109 torr의 진공내에서 분쇠된 다이아몬드로부터 생성된 물질들은, 검출된 양의 순으로 나타낸다면, 물, 수소, 질소, 이산화탄소, 메탄, 일산화탄소, 아르곤 및 에틸알코올등이다. 열의학적으로 C-H-O-N 기체상의 조성의 검토는 가능한 다이아몬드의 생성조건에 관한 정보를 제공한다. 이미주어진 실험적 결과의 비교는 다이아몬드 생성에 관한 가능한 온도-압력조건이 주어진다. A discussion of the various theories of natural diamond formation is given. Experimental data from mass spectrometric analysis of included gases is related to theoretical data on the carbon-hydrogen-oxygen gas phase under geologic conditions.Possible temperature-pressure conditions for natural diamond formation are proposed.
R. Everett Langford,A. A. Giardini,Charles E. Melton Korean Chemical Society 1973 대한화학회지 Vol.17 No.5
광물안의 기체불순물에 관한 연구는 특이한 파괴분석법(질량분석계를 사용)에 의하여 발전되어 왔다. 시료의 분쇠는 영구용 질량분석계의 고진공내에서 텅크스텐 카아바이드(tungsten carbide)로된 분쇠기로 행하여 졌다. 사용한 질량분석계의 측정감도는 표준상태에서 약 $10^{-10}cc$였다. 이 보문은 미국 죠지아주 라보니아 부근에서 채집된 석류석에 대한 위의 분석법에 의한 기체조성의 확인 및 결정을 보고하는 것이며 그 조성들은 $N_2$, $H_2$, $O_2$, $H_{2}O$, $CO_2$, CO, $CH_4$등이 있다. A unique method of destructive analysis has been developed for the study of gaseous impurities in minerals. Samples are crushed in a high vacuum sample system of a research mass spectrometer. This is done by means of a suitably designed crusher which is incorporated in the inlet system of the instrument. Crusher elements are constructed of tungsten carbide. The mass spectrometer used for this preliminary study has a detection sensitivity of about $10^{-10}cc$at STP. In a study of rhodolite garnets obtained from near Lavonia, Georgia, U.S.A., the gases$H_2$, $O_2$, $H_{2}O$, $CO_2$, CO, and $CH_4$have been identified and their composition determined.
Sano, Tetsuro,Lin, Huai,Chen, Xiashan,Langford, Lauren A.,Bondy, Dimpy Koul Melissa L.,Hess, Kenneth R.,Myers, Jeffery N.,Hong, Yong-Kil,Yung, W.K. Alfred,Steck, Peter A. 가톨릭대학교 2000 Bulletin of The Catholic Research Institutes of Me Vol.28 No.-
MMAC/PTEN, a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 10q, has recently been shown to act as a phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate phosphatase and to modulate cell growth and apoptosis. Somatic mutations of MMAC/PTEN have been reported in a number of human cancers, especially in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), although the number of identified mutations (10-35%) is significantly lower than the frequency of LOH affecting the MMAC/PTEN locus in the specimens (75-95%). To further investigate the possible alterations that may affect MMAC/PTEN, we examined the expression of the gene by reverse transcription-PCR in a series of gliomas. A significant difference (P<0.001) was observed between the expression of MMAC/PTEN in GBMs versus lower grades of gliomas, thus mimicking the difference in allelic deletion associated with the locus in these tumors. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival plots, adjusted for age and tumor grade, showed a significantly better prognosis for patients whose tumors expressed high level of MMAC/PTEN. Additionally, immunostaining of GBMs revealed little or no MMAC/PTEN expression in about two-thirds of the tumors, whereas the other approximately one-third of tumors had significantly higher levels of expression. However, in about two-thirds of the gigh-expressing specimens, a heterogeneous pattern of expression was observed, indicating that certain cells within the tumor failed to express MMAC/PTEN. The combination of these results suggest that, in addition to molecular alterations affecting the gene, altered expression of MMAC/PTEN may play a significant role in the progression of GBM and patient outcome. (Cancer Research 59:1820-1824, 1999)
( Takeya Tsutsumi ),( Craig Brooks-rooney ),( Bryony Langford ),( Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi ),( Sooji Lee ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: Japanese patients with CHC are elderly and may possess more comorbidities and higher pill burden. This study describes the pill burden and comorbidities in Japanese CHC patients in the Medical Data Vision (MDV) claims database. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of ≥18 years old patients with CHC (ICD-10: B18.2) from 2008-2016. Age and gender were derived from the database for the most recent CHC visit. Comorbidity prevalence was assessed using ICD-10 codes. Patients who had received all oral direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy were identified through receipt code for a prescription for a DAA. The average number of tablets (‘pill burden’) taken by DAA-treated patients was calculated for the 90 days prior/post first prescription date of a DAA. Results: The study population included 173,796 patients (mean ±SD age 69±14, 51.7% male), with a large proportion ≥75 years old (40.7%). Prevalent comorbidities included hypertension (41.4%) and type 2 diabetes (18.3%). Patients within the sample experienced a mean of 3.54±2.98 comorbidities, with elderly HCV patients experiencing more comorbidities than younger HCV patients (age group 18-34 vs. 75+; 1.17±1.64 vs. 4.33±3.09; P< 0.001). The 10 most prevalent comorbidities are displayed in Table 1, with most increasing with age. 19,683 patients satisfied criteria for pill burden analysis. Pre- and post- DAA treatment initiation mean pill burden was 4.23±11.4 pills/ day and 6.72±12.17 pills/day, respectively. Pill burden was higher among older patients, with those aged over 75 experiencing mean pill counts of 5.2±13.27 and 7.12±12.05 pre- and post-index, respectively. A greater proportion of elderly patients had a pill burden of >10 after initiating DAA treatment, compared to those in younger age groups (age group 18-34 vs. 75+; 4.2% vs. 21.6%; P<0.001). Conclusions: The majority of Japanese CHC patients are elderly with several comorbidities and high pill burden pre-DAA treatment, which may be an important consideration for CHC regimen selection.