Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity as a Useful Tool for Predicting Health Risk

Kyungho Ha,Ock K. Chun 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

Diets rich in fruits and vegetables provide antioxidants, including vitamins C and E, carotenoids, and flavonoids, and dietary antioxidants suppress reactive oxygen species generation as radical scavengers. In a recent previous study, we evaluated the association between individual antioxidant vitamin intake and mortality risk in 20,602 US adults using the 1999-2010 the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). During a median follow-up of 9.3 years, higher intake of vitamin E was associated with lower all-cause mortality and higher intake of vitamin A was associated with lower mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer. These findings indicate that dietary antioxidant may have beneficial health effects. However, our usual diets consist of antioxidants in various chemical forms with different degrees of antioxidant capacities and these combined antioxidants may exert cumulative or synergistic effects. In this regard, dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) has received attention as a useful tool for predicting total antioxidant power in the diet and it may be a novel predictor of major health outcomes as they relate to oxidative stress and deserves investigation as a measure of diet quality considering its convenience and effectiveness in assessing antioxidant-rich dietary patterns. Thus, evaluated the associations between dietary TAC and traditional diet quality index scores (DQIS), such as Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and all-cause mortality in 23,797 US adults using the NHANES 1988∼1994 and 1999∼2006. After theoretically calculating dietary TAC, we found that US adults with high dietary TAC had greater adherence to the DQIS including HEI-2015, AHEI-2010, aMED, and DASH and dietary TAC was inversely associated with all-cause mortality similar to DQIS. These findings suggest that dietary TAC might be a relatively valid predictor of all-cause mortality in the US population and further studies need to expand upon this investigation to assess disease-specific mortality among various populations.

Regional disparities in the associations of cardiometabolic risk factors and healthy dietary factors in Korean adults

Kyungho Ha,YoonJu Song,Hye-Kyeong Kim 한국영양학회 2020 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.14 No.5

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Regional disparities in dietary factors might be related to regional disparities in cardiometabolic health. Therefore, this study investigated the associations of cardiometabolic risk factors and dietary factors with regional types in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Based on data from the 2007–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the study included 39,781 adults aged ≥ 19 years who completed the dietary survey and a health examination. Healthy and unhealthy dietary factors (fat, sodium, fruit, and vegetable intakes) were evaluated using 1-day 24-h dietary recall method, as well as the use of nutrition labels with a questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the participants, 48.7%, 36.0%, and 15.2% lived in metropolitan, urban, and rural areas, respectively. Adults living in urban and rural had higher odds ratios (ORs) for obesity (OR for urban, 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.14; OR for rural, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05–1.24) than adults living in metropolitan areas; these associations were significantly observed in middle-aged adults. Compared to metropolitan residents, rural residents had lower ORs for hypertension in middle-aged (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76–0.96) and metabolic syndrome in older adults (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67–0.91). Regarding urban residents, a lower OR for diabetes in middle-aged adults (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74–0.97) and a higher OR for hypertension in older adults (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02–1.39) were observed. Overall rural residents had higher ORs of excessive carbohydrate, low fruit, and high salted-vegetable intakes than metropolitan residents. Low fruit intake was positively associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension, after adjustment for regional type and other confounders in total participants. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that cardiometabolic risk and unhealthy dietary factors differ among regional types and age groups within Korea. Nutritional policy and interventions should consider regional types for prevention and management of cardiometabolic risk factors.

Dietary sugar intake and dietary behaviors in Korea: a pooled study of 2,599 children and adolescents aged 9-14 years

Ha, Kyungho,Chung, Sangwon,Joung, Hyojee,Song, YoonJu The Korean Nutrition Society 2016 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.10 No.5

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietary sugar intake, particularly added sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages, has received worldwide attention recently. Investigation of dietary behaviors may facilitate understanding of dietary sugar intakes of children and adolescents. However, the relationship between dietary sugar intake and dietary behaviors in the Korean population has not been investigated. Thus, this study aimed to estimate dietary sugar intake and food sources according to sex as well as examine the relationship of dietary sugar intake with frequent snacking and dietary patterns among Korean children and adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We pooled data from five studies involving Korean children and adolescents conducted from 2002 to 2011. A total of 2,599 subjects aged 9-14 years were included in this study. Each subject completed more than 3 days of dietary records. RESULTS: Mean daily total sugar intake was 46.6 g for boys and 54.3 g for girls. Compared with boys, girls showed higher sugar intakes from fruits (7.5 g for boys and 8.8 g for girls; P = 0.0081) and processed foods (27.9 g for boys and 34.9 g for girls; P < 0.0001). On average, 95.4% of boys and 98.8% of girls consumed snacks during the study period, and total sugar intake showed a significantly increasing trend with increasing energy intake from snacks (P < 0.0001 for both sexes). Two dietary patterns were identified by cluster analysis: Traditional and Westernized patterns. Total sugar intake was higher in the Westernized pattern (56.2 g for boys and 57.2 g for girls) than in the Traditional pattern (46.5 g for boys and 46.3 g for girls). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that multilateral and practical development of a nutrition education and intervention program that considers dietary behaviors as well as absolute sugar intake is required to prevent excessive sugar intake in Korean children and adolescents.

Differential association of dietary carbohydrate intake with metabolic syndrome in the US and Korean adults: data from the 2007–2012 NHANES and KNHANES

Ha, Kyungho,Kim, Kijoon,Chun, Ock K.,Joung, Hyojee,Song, YoonJu Nature Publishing Group UK 2018 European journal of clinical nutrition Vol.72 No.6

<P>Conclusions A high carbohydrate intake is associated with metabolic abnormalities. As Korean adults consume more carbohydrate than American adults, stronger associations of dietary carbohydrate with metabolic syndrome were observed. Thus, further studies are necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of different contributors to developing metabolic disease in Western and Asian populations.</P>

한국인의 당류 섭취현황과 만성질환에 미치는 영향

하경호(Kyungho Ha),정효지(Hyojee Joung),송윤주(YoonJu Song) 한국식품과학회 2016 식품과학과 산업 Vol.49 No.3

As recently many studies on the relationship between excessive sugar intake and chronic disease have been reported across the world, more attention to sugar intake has been paid. Sugars, called simple sugars, is a kind of carbohydrate and sum of monosaccharides and disaccharides. Sugars that are particularly related to health are added sugars or free sugars, which are added to food by processing or cooking. It is generally not to give satiety and increases energy density without other nutrients. Especially, the major food source of added sugar is sugar-sweetened beverages(SSBs), from which sugars are closely linked with health outcome. The total sugar intake in Korea is 61.4 g per day and it is almost half of those in the western countries such as the U.S. or Australia and it is within the recommendation level by the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. However, when it is classified by age groups or food sources, sugar intake in adolescents and young adults are high and the sugar from processed foods is also high that would lead to high intake levels of added sugar. Particularly, the frequency of SSBs, the major food source of added sugar, is the highest among 20’s. While the studies of excessive sugar intake with chronic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease reported in the Western populations, those in the Korean populations have just started. Given our dietary practice is very different from those in the western population, more prospective studies would be necessary to evaluate sugar intake by type or food source exactly and examine its relationship with chronic diseases in the Korean population.

Evaluation for Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method to Detect White Root Rot Disease (Rosellinia necatrix) in the Pear Orchard

Kyungho Won,Yoon-Kyeong Kim,Kyeong-Bok Ma,Byul-Ha-Na Lee,In-Bog Lee,Sam-Seog Kang,Myung-Su Kim,Dong-Seok Jeong,Ji-Young Ahn,Ho-Jin Ryu 한국원예학회 2017 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2017 No.10

Asian Pear Scab(Venturia nashicola) Resistance Controlled by Quantitative Trait Loci in an Interspecific Pear Family

Kyungho Won,Yoon-Kyeong Kim,Kyeong-Bok Ma,Byul-Ha-Na Lee,Ug-Yong Lee,Susan Gardiner,Mareike Knaebel,David Chagne,Lester Brewer,Vincent Bus,In-Bog Lee,Myung-Su Kim 한국원예학회 2016 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2016 No.10

토양 과습처리에 의한 배 대목 Pyrus calleryana와 Pyrus betulaefolia 집단의 유기물 함량 변화

원경호(Kyungho Won),김윤경(Yoon-Kyeong Kim),마경복(Kyeong-Bok Ma),신일섭(Il-Sheob Shin),이별하나(Byul-Ha-Na Lee),이욱용(Ug-Yong Lee),최진호(Jin-Ho Choi),김명수(Myung-Su Kim) 한국원예학회 2016 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2016 No.5

A lipid mixture enriched by ceramide NP with fatty acids of diverse chain lengths contributes to restore the skin barrier function impaired by topical corticosteroid

( Sung Ha Lim ),( Eun Jung Kim ),( Chung Hyuk Lee ),( Gi Hyun Park ),( Kang Min Yoo ),( Sung Ju Nam ),( Kyong-oh Shin ),( Kyungho Park ),( Eung Ho Choi ) 대한피부과학회 2020 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.72 No.1

Background: The stratum corneum (SC) consists of corneocytes, intercellular lipids, and corneodesmosomes. Most of the previous studies have focused on a ceramide with a single chain fatty acid, not with diverse chain lengths. Objective: We evaluated whether a lipid mixture enriched by ceramide NP with fatty acids of diverse chain lengths can restore the skin barrier impaired by topical corticosteroid. Methods: 27 healthy adult males were recruited. Topical corticosteroid was applied on both the forearms and, either the test cream that contains a lipid mixture or a vehicle cream was applied on the left or right forearm, respectively. The functional parameters of the skin barrier, epidermal differentiation markers, hyaluronic acid synthase 3 (HAS3), cytokines, and the lipid profiles in the SC were analyzed. Results: The barrier recovery rate, SC integrity, and SC hydration were significantly improved in the test cream-applied site. Filaggrin and HAS3 levels were significantly higher, Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) levels were increased, and IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 levels decreased in the test cream-applied site. Lipid analysis showed that C18, C20, and total ceramide NP levels increased in the test cream-applied site. C16, C18, C20, C24, and total ceramide NP levels were elevated in the test cream-applied site after acute barrier disruption. Conclusion: A lipid mixture enriched by ceramide NP with fatty acids of diverse chain lengths could recover the barrier impaired by topical corticosteroid.

토양 과습처리에 의한 배 대목 Pyrus calleryana 와 Pyrus betulaefolia 집단의 유기물 함량 변화

원경호 ( Kyungho Won ),김윤경 ( Yoon Kyeong Kim ),마경복 ( Kyeong Bok Ma ),신일섭 ( Il Sheob Shin ),이욱용 ( Ug Yong Lee ),이별하나 ( Byul Ha Na Lee ),최진호 ( Jin Ho Choi ),이인복 ( In Bok Lee ),김명수 ( Myung Su Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회지 Vol.35 No.3

우리나라를 포함한 동북아시아에서 나타나는 하습대 기후에서는 여름철에 강우가 집중되는 특징이 있는데, 장마기에 과도한 강우량으로 인한 피해가 지속적으로 보고되고 있다. 국립원예특작과학원 배연구소에서는 과습에 의한 피해를 감소시키기 위하여 내습성을 가지는 개체들의 교배육종을 진행해오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대표적인 배 대목 품종으로서 P. betulaefolia와 P. calleryana를 사용하여 무처리군(수분 압력 -20 ~ -50 kPa)과 과습처리군(수분 압력 -10 kPa 이하)에서 77일간 생육하여 조건에 따른 수체생장량, 엽록소 함량, 폴리페놀 함량 및 아미노산 합성량 차이를 분석하였다. 그 결과 P. calleryana는 무처리군과 비교하여 과습처리군에서 유기물 합성량의 변화가 유의미하게 관찰되지 않았으나 P. betulaefolia는 과습처리군에서 수체성장률이 무처리군 대비40% 이상 감소하였고, 엽록소a의 함량 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 엽록소b 함량이 무처리군에 비하여 40% 가량 감소하였다. 아미노산량은 배나무 종에 관계없이 관행재배군보다 과습처리군에서 전체적으로 낮게 측정되었다. 그러나 총 폴리페놀 함량은 과습처리에 의하여 오히려 증가하였는데 P. betulaefolia의 과습처리군에서 무처리군 보다 9.4배 높게 측정되었다. 식물이 환경스트레스에 대응하여 방어물질 및 항산화물질의 합성량을 증가시킨다는 사실은 지속적으로 보고되어 왔다. 습해에 의하여 배 대목들이 합성하는 유기물 함량차이를 분석하고, 방어기작에 관여할 것으로 예상되는 물질들을 탐색한 이번 연구 결과는 배나무의 습해 방어기작 및 생리기작 연구에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 여겨지며, 향후 내습성 대목 선발을 위한 지표 중의 하나로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. BACKGROUND: There`s a long rainy season during the Summer in Northeast Asia, including Korea. Heavy rainfall during this season causes harm to tree`s root, and damped injury in the pear has been continuously reported. Pear Research Institute is breeding damp resistant rootstocks and investigating their mechanisms to relieve damped damages in the pear. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seedlings of Pyrus betulaefolia and P. calleryana were divided into two groups: control and damped, respectively. Damped group was treated by constant irrigation for 77 days and control group was maintained to keep the soil moisture pressure between 0 and -10 kPa. After the treatment, we analysed trees` growth rate, chlorophyll content, amino acids and total phenolic compounds. As a result, P. betulaefolia was sensitive to damped treatment while P. calleryana did not have significant differences between the control and damped treatment. It was observed that total contents for phenolic compounds were dramatically increased in P. betulaefolia while trees` growth rate, chlorophyll b and general amino acid contents were lowered by damping treatment. CONCLUSION: In some pear cultivars, growth habit is suppressed by damped damage. Pyrus calleryana displayed tolerances to damped damage in growth rate and some organic compound contents compared to P. betulaefolia. So we recommend to exploit P. calleryana as a pear rootstock rather than using P. betulaefolia.