전치의 후방견인에 따른 입술과 주위 연조직의 수직적 변화

강창수,김경호,최광철 대한치과교정학회 2000 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.30 No.2

입술의 돌출을 해소하고자 하는 환자들은 자신의 안모 개선을 안모의 측면보다는 거울로 볼 수 있는 정면을 통하여 느끼는 것이 보편적이다. 안모의 정면에서 평가가 이루어질 때에는 입술이 후방으로 들어간 정도와 함께 입술과 그 주위 조직의 수직적 변화에 의해서도 큰 영향을 받을 수 있으므로 교정치료 진단이나 치료 후 평가를 위한 측모두부방사선 사진 분석 시 전통적으로 중요시되고 있는 입술의 시상적 이동뿐만 아니라 흔히 간과하기 쉬운 수직적인 변화에 관해서도 평가가 이루어져야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 입술 돌출을 주소로 내원한, 성장이 완료된 성인 여성 61명을 대상으로 측모두부 방사선 사진을 촬영하여 전치의 후방견인시 나타나는 입술과 주위 연조직의 수직적 변화를 계단식 다중 회귀 분석법을 이용하여 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1.상, 하순의 philtrum길이 (SnLs, LiB') 는 전치의 후방견인 후 증가하였고, 상, 하순의 vermilion height (LsStms, StmiLi) 와 vermilion length (LsLi) 는 감소하였다. 2.상, 하순의 길이 (SnStms, StmiB')와 연조직의 하안면 고경 (SnMe')은 치료 후 유의성 있는 변화를 보이지 않았다. 3.상순의 philtrum길이 증가에 상악 전치의 정출 △UIV 이 가장 큰 영향을 주었으며 하순의 philtnlm길이 증가에는 치료 전 overjet이 가장 큰 영향을 주었다. 4.상, 하순의 vermilion height감소에 상순의 두께 감소가 가장 큰 영향을 주었다. Patients who want to reduce their lip protrusion usually estimate the severity of the lip protrusion on the frontal aspect. Most orthodontists have a perplexed experience of a reduced thin line of vermilion border on the frontal aspect as incisors are retracted, even though the lip protrusion is thought to be reduced favorably on the sagittal aspect. Some patients also look older after orthodontic treatment because of severe lip thinning. This unaesthetic reduction of vermilion border urges us to study the vertical lip change during orthodontic procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vertical lip and perioral soft tissue changes in respect to incisor retraction in an effort to analyze which factors might be responsible for their vertical changes, using the multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows. 1.Upper and lower lip philtrum length(SnLs, LiB') were increased after retraction of anterior teeth, where as upper and lower vermilion height(LsStms, StmiLi), and vermilion length(LsLi) were decreased. 2.Upper and lower lip length(SnStms, StmiB'), and soft tissue lower anterior facial height(SnMe') did not show any significant difference after treatment. 3.The increase of the upper lip philtrum length was mainly influenced by the extrusion of upper anterior teeth(△UIV), and the increase of the lower lip philtrum length was mainly influenced by the initial overjet before treatment. 4.The decrease of the upper and lower lip vermilion height was mainly influenced by the decrease of upper lip thickness.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

용량별 죽력 투여가 생쥐의 간과 신장의 조직 및 혈액학적 변화에 미치는 영향

정종길,나창수,김경수,홍광표,김정상 대한본초학회 2002 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Objectives : Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen extracts (BE) has been used for various curative effect that remove intense heat from the heart, replenish deficiency Yin, nourish deficiency blood, resolve phlegm. This study was performed to investigate the toxicity of BE to mice according to the administered dosage. Methods : The experimental groups divided four. Control group treated saline, J1 group treated BE and distilled water in the ratio of 1:15(0.05ml/kg), F2 group treated BE and distilled water in the ratio of 1:7(0.05ml/kg), J3 group treated BE and distilled water in the ratio of 1:17(0.05ml/kg). We administered BE to the mice for 24 weeks at interval of 48 hours, and investigated the body weight, changes in hematological profile, activities of the transaminase(GOT, GPT) and two hepatic antioxidant enzyme(SOD, catalase), and histological changes of the liver and kidney. Results : Leukocytes of J3 group were increased in the administered for 12 weeks, but decreased in the administered for 24 weeks. Platelets were decreased about 36% in J3 group treated for 12 weeks, but increased about 50% in the same group treated for 24 weeks. Blood total proteins were decreased slightly in the all experimental groups compared with control group. The activities of the transaminase and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were increased, but decreased activities of catalase in the J2 and J3 groups administered for 12 or 24 weeks. In the light microscopical observation, ballooned and injured hepatocytes in portal vein area of J1 group occurred, and dilated hepatocytes and disoriented sinusoid observed in J2 group administered extracts to mice for 24 weeks. Apoptosis occured in the ballooned and injured hepatocytes of the portal vein area in J3 group. A agglutination of RBC in glomerular capsule of the kidney observed in the J2 group, and destructed convoluted tubule observed in the J3 group treated for 24 weeks. Conclusions : These results indicate that mice treated with high dose BE develop a hematological changes, dysfuncton of the liver and kidney.

악안면 성장예측 모형개발에 관한 연구 : 6세 어린이의 1년간 악안면성장에 관한 연구

김종배,문혁수,장영일,배광학 대한구강보건학회 1999 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this study was to obtain the data on the maxillofacial growth changes of the Korean six-year-old children in a year to establish the maxillofacial growth prediction model. Dental arch stone models of the 682 students in 1995 and of the same students in 1996 were analysed. The maxillofacial growth changes of the students during one year were found by the analysing the dental arch stone models. The dental arch growth changes in a year were analysed by student t-test and the qunantity of growth per a year of dental arch lengths and widths by paired t-test. The obtained results were as follows: 1. It was found that all dental arch lengths and widths had grown during one year. 2. There is no difference between male and female students in maxillofacial growth changes. 3. Maxilla had grown a little more than Mandible during one year. 4. Dental arch lengths had grown a little more than dental arch widths during one year.

最近 8年間의 精神神經科 入院 外來 및 患者에 對한 統計的 考察(1960年∼1967年)

李哲奎,盧英一,張煥一,金明源,任允明,韓東洙,吳承煥,金光日 大韓神經精神醫學會 1969 신경정신의학 Vol.8 No.1

1) The number of the out-and in-patients had increased year after year (Table Ⅰ & Ⅲ). 2) Schizophrenia was the greatest number of the in-patients and its rate to whole was 49.1 percent, and neurosis was the greatest number of the out-patients and its rate to whole was 41.66 per cent (Table Ⅰ & Ⅶ). 3) In in-patients, hysteria revealed relatively large in percentage as 11.8% than the other groups (Table Ⅰ). 4) The rate of the male hysteria patients to all male patients was 3.5 per cent and the rate of female hysteria was 20.5 per cent (Table Ⅱ). 5) In in-patients, all the patients of general paresis and alcoholism were only males in sex(Table Ⅱ). 6) In in-patients of schizophrenia, the ratio of the male patients to the female patients was 57.0 : 43.0, but the each rate of each total numbers of the all diseases of the both sexes was almost same (Table Ⅲ). 7) The largest age group of the all patients was between 21∼30 years old, and the next was between 31∼40 years in in-patients (Table Ⅲ). 8) The largest age group of schizophrenia patients was between 21∼30 years and that of M.D.R patients was between 31∼40 years in in-patients (Table Ⅲ). 9) In in-patients of hysteria, the largest age group was between 31∼40 years, and the next was between 21∼30 years (Table Ⅲ). 10) The results of treatment in in-patients were as followings; Recovered; 27.6% Much improved; 43.1% Slightly improved and no changed; 28.2% (Table Ⅳ) 11) The results of treatment in schizophrenia of the in-patients were as followings; Recovered; 19.1% Much improved; 48.3% Slightly improved and no changed; 32.1% (Table Ⅴ) 12) The mode of treatment had been somewhat changed during last 8 years from 1960 to 1967 in treatment of the in-patients (Table Ⅵ). (1) The combined therapy of tranquilizers and EST had been increased, but the therapy of tranquilizer alone or EST alone had been decreased, compared to 1960. (2) The therapy of ICT in the treatment of in-patients had been much decreased.

산업용 조정 피치형 축류송풍기의 성능예측에 관한 연구

구재인(Jae-In Koo),김창수(Chang-Soo Kim),정진택(Jin-Teak Chung),김광호(Kwang-Ho Kim) 한국유체기계학회 2001 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

In the present study, we studied the method of predicting the on-design and off-design point performance of axial flow fan with adjustable pitch blades. With the change of stagger angle of axial flow fan with adjustable pitch blade, flow rate and pressure can be changed. Because of this merit, adjustable pitch fans are used in many industrial facility. When changing stagger angle or estimating the performance at a wide range of off-design condition, incidence angle changes greatly as the flow rate changes. Therefore, the deviation angle at the blade exit is estimated by the correlation considering the effects of blade design, incidence angle variation. In the loss model, we used known pressure loss model for blade boundary layer and wake, secondary flow, endwall boundary layer and tip leakage flow. The results of modified deviation angle model and experiment were compared for the usefulness of the modified model.

적응 슬라이딩 모드 제어를 이용한 차량 속도 제어에 관한 연구

장광수,백창현 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1998 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.1

An adaptive sliding mode controller with loads estimation is designed for AICC. The developed discrete time adaptation law differs from that of conventional sliding mode control, and aims at adaptation on a large disturbance or unmodeled dynamics. The closed loop stability is checked in the discrete time domain, and the exponential decay of the adaptation error can be guaranteed by a proper placement of the discrete time closed loop poles. The results of numerical simulation show better adaptation and tracking performance over the conventional adaptation scheme. The new adaptive scheme is shown to be especially effective under rapid changes of commanded speed.

중소기업 CEO의 퍼스낼러티가 리더십유형과 부하의 직무만족에 미치는 영향

장정하,최광신,신준수 한국정보전략학회 2001 한국정보전략학회지 Vol.4 No.2

The major purposes of this thesis are to investigate the relationship between leadership styles(person oriented leadership and task oriented leadership) and the personality traits(locus of control, extrovert/introvert, A/B type, machiavellian, authoritarianism) of CEO in small-medium business and to verify the affectation of subordinate's job satisfaction on leadership styles and personality traits of CEO. Therefore, this paper is an important suggestion that trait theory of leadership connects with behavior theory of leadership. To achieve of this purposes, a questionnaire has been worked up through 369 workers and 49 CEO who had acted many years at Yeosu city. The results of this survey are as follows ; First, in the person oriented leadership, the personality traits of CEO has the significant relations with introvert locus of control, B type, low authoritarianism. And in the task oriented leadership, the personality traits of CEO has the significant relations with extrovert and high machiavellian. Second, the personality trait factors(introvert locus of control, B type, low machiavellian, low authoritarianism) except extrovert have affect on subordinate's job satisfaction. Third, the correlation between subordinate's job satisfaction and the person oriented leadership has higher than that of subordinate's job satisfaction and the task oriented leadership.

FFT 알고리즘을 이용한 거리센서의 노이즈 필터링에 관한 연구

장광수,윤원석 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1999 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.10 No.1

The objective of this study is to perform filtering on the noise which is generated in distance sensor for ACC. The purpose of ACC is to keep following vehicle velocity at lead vehicle velocity and to make the relative distance between lead vehicle and follow vehicle converge to the safety distance calculated by controller. By using advanced features of ACC, we can relieve driver's driving fatigue, reduce the traffic accidents and increase the road capacity. The relative distance is measured by distance sensor equipped at follow vehicle. But if the measured distance signal is contaminated by noise, for difference with real distance, overall ACC performance gets degraded, so we have to filter the distance signal. Therefore, digital filter is designed by using FIR or IIR filter and cut-off frequency is determined by FFT algorithm. In experiment, due to difficulties and risks of measuring relative distance between two vehicles in real driving situation, small test setup is used in the lab instead. In results, with using filtered distance values, we can obtain high performance for ACC. But FIR filter is required higher order equation than IIR filter to acquire sharp cut-off property.

객체 지향 방식을 이용한 차량 파워트레인 모델의 개발

장광수,이동현 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1997 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-

Generally, The developers of controller perform the vehicle simulation to reduce in-vehicle test and to estimate the controller performance. They designed the simulation programs case by case because the programs use specific vehicle model and parameters. In this paper, we develop the object-oriented model of the vehicle elements. The object-oriented vehicles model support to set up the vehicle parameters easily. In addition, the model is modified to adopt the new mathematical model of vehicle without complex rewriting. The models are very flexible and adjustable. We use the model in total or in part of them. Furthermore, one who develops other dynamic system or controller uses the base class to describe the system.