12Cr 강의 화염경화 표면처리 층의 초음속 물방울 충격에 의한 손상 거동

김광호,이민구,김경호,김흥회,김길무 대한금속재료학회 2005 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.43 No.1

Water drop impact erosion properties of the 12Cr steel, currently used as nuclear steam turbine blade material, surface-hardened by the flame hardening process have been characterized. For this, variations of both the maximum erosion depth de,,,,ax and volume loss V with the cumulative impacts n at the supersonic impact velocity (~350 m/s) have been investigated for the as-received and flame-hardened 12Cr steels with different hardnesses. Typically all the samples showed an erosion-time characteristic involving the incubation period initially followed by the steady state period. It is also found that the d_(e,max) increases stepwise-like with the number of impacts n, which results from a sudden formation of craters by crack propagation. Compared to those for the as-received 12Cr steel, the flame-hardened ones showed an excellent resistance to water drop impact erosion with 2.2~2.8 times higher incubation time n, and 115~1/8 times lower erosion rate a. In the incubation period the as-received 12Cr steel was damaged by ductile depression and ploughing, while the flame-hardened 12Cr steel by fatigue cracks and brittle platelet deformation. Erosion in the steady state period was developed by the cleavage fracture commonly. (Received July 22, 2004)

정신분열병 환자의 주 보호자와 형제 자매에서의 부담에 대한 연구

김철권,김진원,서지민,이길자,김길중,변원탄 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.1

연구목적: 정신분열병 환자의 가족 부담에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 알아보기 위함이다. 방 법: 92명의 정신분열병 환자의 주 보호자 92명과 그들의 형제 자매 68명을 대상으로 자가보고 척도를 사용하여 가족부담, 환자의 문제행동, 가족의 죄책감 정도를 평가하였다. 그리고 환자의 양성증상 행동과 음성증상 행동, 환자의 임상적·사회인구학적 변인, 주 보호자의 사회인구학적 변인, 그리고 가족의 죄책감 등이 주 보호자 및 형제 자매의 주관적·객관적 부담에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 조사하였다. 결 과: 1) 객관적 부담과 주관적 부담에서 주 보호자군이 형제 자매군에 비해 약간 높은 경향을 보였지만 양군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2) 정신분열병 환자의 임상적·사회인구학적 변인들 중에서는 환자의 연령, 유병기간, 총 입원기간이 주 보호자 또는 형제 자매의 부담에 유의한 영향을 주었다. 그리고 주 보호자의 사회 인구학적 변인들 중에서는 매달 수입 정도와 가족교육 여부가 주 보호자의 부담에 유의한 영향을 주었다. 3) 문제행동들을 양성증상, 음성증상, 기타증상으로 분류한 후 주 보호자 및 형제 자매의 객관적 부담과 주관적 부담과의 상관성을 검증한 결과, 양군 모두에서 3가지 증상 행동이 객관적 및 주관적 부담과 각각 유의한 상관성을 보였다. 그리고 양군에서 양성증상 행동과 음성증상 행동이 객관적 부담보다는 주관적 부담과의 상관성이 상대적으로 더 높은 양상을 보였다. 또 형제 자매의 경우에는 양성증상 행동이 음성증상 행동에 비해 객관적 및 주관적 부담과의 상관성이 더 높았다. 4) 죄책감과 부담간의 상관성에서는 주 보호자에서만 유의한 상관성을 보였다. 결 론: 본 연구 결과는 정신분열병 환자의 가족 부담을 줄일 수 있는 보다 효과적인 가족중재 기법을 개발하는데 있어 유용한 자료가 될 것으로 생각된다. In order to investigate the factors associated with family burdens of schizophrenics, 92 primary caregivers and 68 siblings of 92 persons with schizophrenia were examined by means of self-report scales about the effect of positive and negative symptom behaviors, clinical and sociodemographic variables, and guilty feelings toward patient on the objective and subjective burden. The results were as follows. 1) There was no difference in the objective and subjective burden scores between the primary caregivers and siblings, even though the former showed a higher scores compared to the latter. 2) Burden scores were significantly affected by the factors such as age of patients, duration of illness, total duration of hospitalizations, monthly family income, and the experience of family education in the primary caregivers or siblings of schizophrenics. 3) Objective and subjective burden were related to both the severity of positive, negative, and the other symptom behaviors in the primary caregivers and siblings. The positive and negative symptom behaviors were more related to subjective burdens compared to objective burdens in the primary caregivers and siblings. The positive symptom behaviors were more related to perceived objective and subjective burdens compared to negative symptom behaviors in the siblings. 4) The correlations between guilty feelings toward patient and burden scores was significant only in the primary caregivers. These results could be used as useful datas to develop the more effective family intervention for reducing family burden.

Effects of electroacupuncture on cold allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain : Mediation by spinal adrenergic and serotonergic receptors

Kim, Sun Kwang,Park, Jung Hyuk,Bae, Sang Jin,Kim, Ji Hoon,Hwang, Byung Gil,Min, Byung Il,Park, Dong Suk,Na, Heung Sik KYUNG HEE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER 2006 고황의학상 수상논문집 Vol.21-22 No.-

The present study was performed to examine the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on cold allodynia and its mechanisms related to the spinal adrenergic and serotonergic systems in a rat model of neuropathic pain. For the neuropathic surgery, the right superior caudal trunk was resected at the level between S1 and S2 spinal nerves innervating the tail. Two weeks after the nerve injury, EA stimulation (2 or 100 Hz) was delivered to Zusanli (ST36) for 30 min. The behavioral signs of cold allodynia were evaluated by the tail immersion test [i.e., immersing the tail in cold water (4℃) and measuring the latency to an abrupt tail movement] before and after the stimulation. And then, we examined the effects of intrathecal injection of prazosin (α_(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, 30 ㎍), yohimbine (α_(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, 30 ㎍), NAN-190 (5-HT_(1A) antagonist, 15 ㎍), ketanserin (5-HT_(2A) antagonist, 30 ㎍), and MDL-72222 (5-HT_(3) antagonist, 12 ㎍) on the action of EA stimulation. Although both 2 Hz and 100 Hz EA significantly relieved the cold allodynia signs, 2 Hz EA induced more robust effects than 100 Hz EA. In addition, intrathecal injection of yohimbine, NAN-190, and MDL-72222, but not prazosin and ketanserin, significantly blocked the relieving effects of 2 Hz EA on cold allodynia. These results suggest that low-frequency (2 Hz) EA is more suitable for the treatment of cold allodynia than high-frequency (100 Hz) EA, and spinal α_(2)-adrenergic, 5-HT_(1A) and 5-HT_(3), but not α_(1)-adrenergic and 5-HT_(2A), receptors play important roles in mediating the relieving effects of 2 Hz EA on cold allodynia in neuropathic rats.

Effects of electroacupuncture on clod allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain : Mediation by spinal adrenergic and serotonergic receptors

Kim, Sun-Kwang,Park, Jung-Hyuk,Bae, Sang-JIn,Kim, JI-Hoon,Hwang, Byung-Gil,Min, Byung-Il,Park, Doing Suk,Na, Heung-Sik EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

The present study was performed to examine the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on cold allodynia and its mechanisms related to the spinal adrenergic and serotonergic systems in a rat model of neuropathic pain. For the neuropathic surgery, the right superior caudal trunk was resected at the level between S1 and S2 spinal nerves innervating the tail. Two weeks after the nerve injury. EA simulation (2 or 100 Hz) was delivered to Zusanli (ST36) for 30 min. The behavioral signs of cold allodynia were evaluated by the tail immersion test{i.c., immersing the tail in cole water (4℃) and measuring the latency to an abrupt tail movement} before and after the stimulation. And then, we examined the effects of intrathecal injection of prazosin (α₁-adrenoceptor antagonist, 30 ㎍), yohimbine (α₂-adrenoceptor antagonist, 30 ㎍), NAN-190 (5HT_(1A) antagonist, 15 ㎍), ketanserin (5-HT_(2A) antagonist, 30 ㎍), and MDL-72222 (5-HT_(3) antagonist, 12 ㎍) on the action of EA simulation. Although both 2 Hz and 100 Hz EA significantly relieved the cold allodynia signs, 2 Hz EA induced more robust effects than 100 Hz EA. In addition, intrathecal injection of yohimbine, NAN-190, and MDL-72222, but not prazosin and ketanserin, significantly blocked the relieving effects of 2 Hz EA on cold allodynia. These results suggest that low-frequency (2 Hz) EA is more suitable for the treatment of cold allodynia than high-frequency (100 Hz) EA. and spinal α₂-adrenergic, 5-HT_(3), but not α₁-adrenergic and 5-HT_(2A), receptors play important roles in mediating the relieving effects of 2 Hz EA on cold allodynia in neuropathic rats.

運動負荷後의 疲勞恢復에 미치는 補中益氣湯 및 六味地黃湯의 效果

金吉萱,洪茂昌,申玟圭,金完熙 慶熙大學校韓醫科大學韓醫學硏究所 1984 慶熙韓醫大論文集 Vol.7 No.-

가자의 즉각형 알레르기 반응 억제 효과

엄용대,신민교,이영미,김형민,신태용,정종길,송호준 대한본초학회 2000 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

We investigated the effects of methanol extract of Fructus Chebula (MEFC) on local and systemic anaphylaxis. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis inhibited to 61.42 12.8 % by oral administration of MEFC(I.0 glkg). MEFC inhibited compound 48/80-induced anaphylactic shock 100% with doses of 0.05-1.0 glkg . Administrations of MEFC (1.0 glkg) 60 min before, 5 min after, and 10 min after the compound 48/80 treatment were shown the mortality rates as 0%. MEFC (0.01-1.0 glkg) inhibited the histamine release significantly from the rat peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80. These results indicate that MEFC inhibits mast cell mediated anaphylactic reactions by inhibition of mast cell degranulation in vivo and in vitro.

HSS 기반 초고속 LDPC 복호를 위한 구조

이인기(In-Ki Lee),김민혁(Min-Hyuk Kim),오덕길(Deock-Gil Oh),정지원(Ji-Won Jung) 한국통신학회 2013 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.38 No.2B

본 논문은 위성방송 전송 규격인 DVB-S2의 기반 채널 부호로 사용되는 LDPC를 고속 복호를 위해 HSS(Horizontal Shuffle Scheduling) 방식을 기반으로 고속 복호기 구조를 연구하였다. 첫째로 HSS방식에서 발생하는 메모리 충돌을 극복하는 방식을 제시한다. 둘째로 고속 복호를 위해 LUT(Look Up Table)을 이용하는 Sum-Product 알로리즘 대신 min값에서 scaling factor를 곱하는 Normalized Min-Sum 알고리즘을 사용하였으며, 성능 향상을 위해 check node에서 bit node로 입력되는 값의 부호를 확인하여 신뢰성 없는 값을 삭제하는 Self-Correct 방식을 제시하여 sum-product 방식에서 발생하는 bottle neck 현상을 하였다. 마지막으로 고속화를 위한 효율적인 메모리 구조를 제안한다. This paper proposes the high speed LDPC decoder structure base on the DVB-S2. Firstly, We study the solution to avoid the memory conflict. For the high speed decoding process the decoder adapts the HSS(Horizontal Shuffle Scheduling) scheme. Secondly, for the high speed decoding algorithm normalized Min-Sum algorithm is adapted instead of Sum-Product algorithm. And the self corrected is a variant of the LDPC decoding that sets the reliability of a Mc→v message to 0 if there is an inconsistency between the signs of the current incoming messages Mv’→c and the sign of the previous incoming messages Moldv’→c This self-corrected algorithm avoids the propagation on unreliable information in the Tanner graph and thus, helps the convergence of the decoder.Start after striking space key 2 times. Lastly, and this paper propose the optimal hardware architecture supporting the high speed throughput.

직접 검화법을 이용한 조제분유의 콜레스테롤 분석법 개발

김진만,박정민,윤태형,임동길,윤창용,정자영,정인식,곽병만,안장혁,Kim, Jin-Man,Park, Jung-Min,Yoon, Tae-Hyung,Leem, Dong-Gil,Yoon, Chang-Yong,Jeong, Ja-Young,Jeong, In-Seek,Kwak, Byung-Man,Ahn, Jang-Hyuk 한국축산식품학회 2011 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.31 No.6

본 연구에서는 조제분유 중의 콜레스테롤을 신속하고 정확하게 분석하기 위해 지방 추출 과정을 거치지 않는 직접 검화 방법을 선택하여 분석법 개발을 시도하였다. 조제분유 분말시료를 직접 검화 수기에 취하여 검화 온도, 검화 시간, KOH 농도의 3가지 인자에 대해 콜레스테롤 회수율이 가장 양호하게 나타나는 최적 검화조건을 확립하고, 검화 후 수세과정에서 액액 분배가 용이한 용매 조건도 확립하였다. 또한 콜레스테롤 피크의 완전한 분리를 위한 적정 기기 조건을 확립하였다. 그 결과, 시료 약 2 g에 16 M-KOH 10 mL를 넣고 $90^{\circ}C$에서 60분 가열하여 검화한 후 diethyl ether로 3회 추출하고 hexane을 최종시험용액으로 하여 기기분석을 했을 때의 회수율이 98.80%로서 가장 양호하게 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 조제분유의 효율적인 액액분배 및 직접가열 검화법은 일원배치 분산법에 의해 유화가공식품의 콜레스테롤 분석법으로 유효성이 검증되었으며, 아울러 개발된 전처리 방법 및 기기 분석 조건을 활용해 다양한 분석 기관에서 신속 정확하고 효율적인 콜레스테롤 분석을 수행할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한 산업체의 품질관리 및 검증기관에서 필요시 모니터링에 적극 활용 가능할 것으로 사료되며, 이를 통해 유화가공식품 류의 함량표시 및 규격관리의 정확성과 효율성 증대에 기여하여 제조업체의 정확하고도 효과적인 품질 및 안전성 확보에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 특히 위해 물질에 대한 정확한 함량 판단이 중요한 조제분유 등의 영 유아용 식품의 안전성 확보에 지대한 공헌을 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. An improved cholesterol analysis method was developed for powdered infant formula by gas chromatographic separation after liquid-liquid extraction and partition. In the official Korea Food Standard method for cholesterol analysis, the water phase and solvent phase were not well separated in the case of emulsified foods such as powdered infant formulas and baby foods. For the rapid and simple sample preparation method, an optimized direct saponification condition was established for heating temperature, heating time, and KOH concentration. From the results, the optimum conditions were as follows: heating temperature $90^{\circ}C$, heating time 60 min, and 16 M KOH 10 mL for a 2 g infant formula sample; improved separation condition for gas chromatography was as follows: the initial oven condition was $250^{\circ}C$ for 25 min, the oven temperature was increased to $290^{\circ}C$ by $10^{\circ}C$/min ratio, and finally the oven temperature remained at $290^{\circ}C$for 9 min. The developed method could be implemented for the study of cholesterol, providing the advantages of reduced inspection time and cost in emulsified foods such as infant formula.

갑상선 기능항진증에 수반된 조증 1례

김형동,허민,오민웅,김종길 大韓神經精神醫學會 1983 신경정신의학 Vol.22 No.3

The authors experienced a case of mania associated with hyperthyroidism at the Neuropsychiatric Dept. of Maryknoll General Hospital in May, 1982. We observed that this case met the criteria for secondary mania by Krauthammer and Klerman. Manic symptoms disappeared after propylthiouracil and neuroleptic treatment, but amnesia of the manic episode remainded until discharge. We thought that this condition was rare in Korea worth a case report together with an uptodate review of literature.

생쥐의 강제수영시 부동자세시간과 통각예민도간의 상관관계

김길중,박제민,김명정 大韓神經精神醫學會 1991 신경정신의학 Vol.30 No.4

The purpose of the study is to test by an animal experiment the hypothesis that pain insensitivity in depression is a trait marker rather than a state marker. 39 mice were studied for pain sensitivity by means of tail flick test before and after 6 minutes of forced swimming and for total duration of immobility during the last 4 minutes of forced swimming. The correlation coefficients were calculated among the basal pain sensitivity, the change of pain sensitivity after forced swimming and duration of immobility during the forced swimming. The results are as follows. 1) A significant positive correlation was proved between the degree of pain insensitivity and duration of immobility during forced swimming. 2) The forced swimming induced a significant pain insensitivity and a significant negative correlation was shown between duration of immobility and the change of pain sensitivity after forced swimming. From these results, the author suggests that pain insensitivity in depression may be a trait marker rather than a state marker depending on the state of depression itself.