-고의 범주와 자질에 관하여

정용길(Yong kil Jeong) 서울여자대학교 인문과학연구소 2013 인문논총 Vol.27 No.-

Jeong(1990)은 한국어의 동사접사인 -고와 대격조사인 -를과 통일한 환경에서 허가된다는 사실에 근거하여 -고가 대격표지라는 분석을 제시한다. 한편 Yoon(2013)은 -고를 대격표지로 분석하는 Jeong(199)의 주장을 반박하며 -고는 대격표지가 아니고 보문소라고 주장한다. 그러나 Yoon(2013) 의 이러한 주장에는 이론적, 경험적 문제가 있다. 먼저 Yoon(2013)은 대격표지와 보문소가 서로 대비되는 개념으로 가정하고 있는데 이는 명백히 잘못된 가정이다. 보문소는 문법범주에 해당하는 반면에 (대)격표지는 문법범주가 아니라 문법자질에 속하는 것이기 때문이다. 다시 말해서 Jeong(l999)은 -고를 대격자질을 지니고 있는 보문소로 분석하고 있다. 따라서 Yoon(2013) 의 주장이 논리적인 타당성을 얻기 위해서는 -고가 격표지가 아니라 보문소다라고 주장하는 대신에 ‘보문소는 격자질을 포함할 수 없다‘라고 주장해야 한다. Yoon(2013)은 격표지들인 - 가나 -를이 생략되는 환경에서 -고가 생략될 수 없다는 점을 지적하면서 -고가 격표지일 수 없다고 주장한다. 그러나 이 주장에도 문제가 있다. 먼저 여기서 언급된 환경에서 어떤 접사가 생략되었다는 사실이 그 접사가 격표지라는 것을 의미하지 않는다. 즉 격표지 이외의 다양한 표지들도 동일한 환경에서 생략될 수 있다. 그리고 생략현상을 좀 더 확대해 보면 오히려 -고와 -를이 같은 속성을 보여준다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 그러므로 -고가 격표지가 아니고 보문소라는 Yoon(2013) 의 주장은 설득력이 약하다. 그리 고 Jeong(l999) 에 대한 반박이 설득력을 얻으려면 -고와 -는의 대조적인 분포를 설명할 수 있어야 한다. Jeong (1999) proposes that the verbal particle -ko is a morphological realization of accusative case feature. Criticizing Jeong's (1999) argument, Yoon (2013) argues that -ko is not a case marker but a complementizer. Yoon's (2013) criticism, however, reveals serious problems both theoretical and empirical. First, Yoon (2013) does not distinguish between syntactic categories and morphological features. Yoon's (2013) main point is that -ko is not a case marker but a COMP. Note, however, that the latter refers to a syntactic category but the former to a morphological feature. Jeong (1999) assumes that -ko is a COMP and therefore Yoon's (1993) criticism against Jeong (1999) is not valid theoretically. Yoon (2013) also shows that unlike -ka and -lul, -ko cannot be deleted in some cases, which he argues provides evidence against Jeong's analysis of -ko as a case marker. If we consider more examples regarding the deletion phenomenon, however, we find that -ko patterns with case markers -ka and -lul. This implies that the phenomenon mentioned in Yoon (2013) has nothing to do with the discussion of whether -ko is a case marker or not. A valid criticism of Jeong' s (1999) analysis of -ko should provide a principled account of the fact that -ko is licensed by verbs but not by nouns or adjectives.

보편문법에 관한 소고 : A Thought on the Notion of Universal Grammar

정용길 서울여자대학교 2010 인문논총 Vol.20 No.-

촘스키(Noam Chomsky)가 제안한 생성문법이론의 여러특징 들중 하나는 별개의 영역으로 간주되는 영역들 사이에 보편성이 존재한다는 주장이다. 한편으로는 개별언어 안에서 서로 다은 문법범주들 또는 서로 다른 구절구조 규칙들 사이에 보편성이 존재한다고 주장하면서 통합된 분석을 제시하며, 다른 한편으로는 개별언어들 사이에도 보편성이 존재하며 여기 통합된 이론으로 설명이 가능하다고 주장 한다. 개별언어 내의 보편성이나 개별언어사이의 보편성은 모두 언어현상의 보편성이라는 공통점을 갖고 있다. 본 논문은 보편성이라는 개념을 확대하여 언어현상과 비언어 현상 사이에도 보편성이 존재하느냐는 문제를 다룬다. This article argues that the notion of universality in generative grammar can be extended to accommodate a variety of non-linguistic phenomena. Specifically, it is shown that an important principle regarding the word order of English, i.e., End-Focus Principle as suggested in Leech and Svartvik (2002), seems to apply when we try to organize diverse social events. Both in sentences and in social events, focused elements or moments, which are considered important, tend to occur at the end. This implies that there exists a certain universal rule or principle that provides an account of both linguistic and non-linguistic phenomena. In short, we find different levels of universality; among different categories, among different languages, and between linguistic and non-linguistic phenomena.

무전해 Ni-P 도금시의 저전류밀도의 영향

정유엽,이성룡,황용길 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1988 硏究報告 Vol.12 No.2

This study has been carried out to investigate the effect of low current in electroless Ni-P plating. The results obtained from the experiment are summarized as follows ; 1) The plating rate in the composite plating of electrolysis and electroless is more double than in electroless plating. And optimum temperature of electroless plating is 85-95℃ but composite plating has been gained a excellent quality of plating at 40℃ 2) The higher temperature, higher PH, and lower current density, the better a leveling of plating surface is. And the composite plating under 0.5A/d㎡ current density is better than the electroless plating in the leveling of plating surface. 3) With passing the time, the composite plating is less than that of the electroless in the reduction of plating rate. 4) Composite plating is higher than electroless plating in hardness when they have been plated and heat-treated at 350℃

저온저장 및 후숙제어를 위한 단감 성장기의 숙도 변화

김민용,안창범,강정길 여수대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.13 No.2

As Persimmon is post-ripenning fruit, it is able to storaging in low temperature. In this studt, chemical and physical properties of Persimmons were measured during ripenning period to obtaine basic data for storaging and controlling post ripenning in low temperature. The results of obtained were summarized as follows : 1. Ilmoke showed higher in weight, Dangdo. vit. C. But water content was lower. As a results, It is not fitted to post-ripenning 2. Buyu and Jearae were lower in weight and Dangdo, but contents of water and vit.C were higher. Quality is able to enhanceing during cold storage and post-ripenning. 3. Sechon is the highest in Dangdo, and It is not fitted to cold storage and post-ripenning. In this study, consulsionly, Buyu and Jearae were fitted to cold storage and post-ripenning, and able to enhancing quality.

Scintigraphy를 이용한 척수 손상 환자와 정상인의 담즙 배설양상 비교

신용일,양충용,주민철,위훈,정환정,김창근,길은영 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2004 圓光醫科學 Vol.19 No.1

견인용 동기전동기의 시동 및 운전특성 해석에 관한 연구

황정원,조용길,송호신,박한규,우정인 東亞大學校 1994 東亞論叢 Vol.31 No.1

It needs a large capacity of equipments to test the starting performance of middle and large synchronous motors in a factory. This paper propose a new method which is the combination of single phase AC applied test and usual routine test with a small synchronous test machine and testing equipments. We can obtain the results from these proposed tests as follows ; (1) The starting performance and stabilized operation at variable speed is predicted from this results. (2) The armature winding leakage reactance is resulted from the no-load saturation curve, the short-circuit charactristic curve and the armature-reaction magnetomotive force converted to the field current. (3) This test must be performed twice, one for short-circuiting the field winding, the other for joining a resistance between the field terminals, as a result the unknown constants in equivalent circuits are identified. (4) Inverter-fed three phase voltage with variable frequency is applied to armature terminals, as a result, We show the actual armature leakage reactance and reaction of the induced harmonic voltages from rotor.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

위절제술 환자의 표준진료지침 개발 및 적용 효과

김은희,김철규,이순교,김순덕,이혜옥,권정순,이경미,이민미,심순미,유용만,신종식,강은희,이상일,김병식,오성태,육정환,박수길 한국의료QA학회 2003 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background : Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Korea. surgical operation is one of the major treatment modalities for gastric cancer patients. Therefore, gastrectomy is one of the most common procedures in General Surgery. There were variation in length of hospital stay and medical treatment for gastrectomy between three surgeons at Asan Medical Center. Clinical pathways have received considerable attention as a tool for recucing the medical practice variation, increasing the efficiency of care process, and improving the quality of care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a clinical pathway for gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients. Methods : The clinical pathway for gastrectomy was developed and implemented by a multidisciplinary group in Asan Medical Center. A computerized clinical pathway program was developed and revised after a pilot test. A total of 145 patients underwent gastrectomy by three surgeons at Asan Medical Center. We compared the length of hospital stay, patient satisfaction, and unplanned readmission rate between the pre-pathway group(n=67) and the post-pathway group(n=78). We also investigated the degree of satisfaction among the physicians and nurses who were main end-users of the clinical pathway. Results : The clinical pathway was applied to all target patients. The average length of hospital stay was shortened from 12.7days to 10.6days(p<0.01). The degree of patient satisfaction with the care process changed from 90.3% to 89.2% after the implementation of the clinical pathway, but the difference was of satistically significant(p=0.761). Unplanned readmission rate was 2.9% in the pre-pathway group. More than 90% of physicians and nurses answered that the clinical pathway had been a useful tool in their medical practice. Conclusions : The findings of the study demonstrated that implementation of the clinical pathway for gastrectomy produced substantial reduction in the length of hospital stay while improving the quality of patient outcomes. The computerized clinical pathway program can be used as one of the powerful patient management tools for reducing the practice variations and increasing the efficiency of care process in Korea hospital settings.

장중첩증을 동반한 맹장 지방종 1예

홍의실,나병규,김민옥,유일영,채지영,채희복,윤세진,이상전,송형근,박길선,정현용 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.2

대장 지방종은 주로 우측 결장에 호발하고 특히 회맹판 부위와 맹장 부위에 호발한다. 또한 50~60대에 빈도가 높고 증상이 있는 환자에서 장중첩증이 높게는 40~50%에서 보고되고 있어 성인 장중첩증의 원인으로 중요한 비중을 차지한다. 특히 성인 장중첩증 및 장폐쇄의 중요 원인인 악성 종양과 임상 양상이 유사하여 감별진단이 중요하다. 저자들은 반복적인 복통을 주소로 내원한 환자에서 맹장의 4×5㎝의 점막하 지방종이 말단 회장부위와 반복적인 장중첩중이 발생했던 1례를 부분 절제술로 치료하여 양호한 임상 경과를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Lipomas are one of the most common benign nonepithelial tumors of the colon which are often detected incidentally by radiologic investigation or on operation. These tumors are usually without specific symptoms. Colonic lipomas occur most often in the right colon, particularly in the ileocecal valve and the cecum. Most patients are asymptomatic. but tumors larger than 2 cm tend to produce a change in bowel habit. abdominal pain. rectorrhagia and complications including luminal obstruction or intestinal intussusception. Diagnosis can be made by colonoscopy abdominal CT. MRI, or barium enema. We report a case of lipoma of the cecum that originated in the submucosa and presented as a intussusception in a 50-year-old woman with a brief review of the literature.