무도의 교육적 필요성과 방향

허건식,김상철 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 1999 武道硏究所誌 Vol.10 No.1

This paper is designed to make a suggestion of the educational necessity and orientation of martial-arts with a view to offering a basic material for the educational side of martial arts. Martial arts are educational materials appropriate enough to have a proper understanding of the Eastern cultures on account of the fact that they are grounded on the Eastern cultures, including educational thoughts as well as skillful contents. Martial arts have an educational implication in that they highlight not only physical strength but also self-realization. The field of martial arts leaves something to be desired if they are to grow into an educational means. Though such things as a series of theories on the origin of Judo, its uniqueness are of some importance, I should like to suggest that a new set of measures should be worked out so that Judo may have logical foundation and practical meaning as well.

갑오경장이전의 검술에 대한 연구

허건식,김영학 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 1999 武道硏究所誌 Vol.10 No.1

In order to examine the state of before-introduction of Keomdo as a competition in Korea, this study closely explored the general contents such as the types, methods and meanings of swordmanship per the times in the historical background in Korea and inquired into the characteristics of the developmental types. The looks of the swordsmanship before Kap O Kyung Jang were the means of symbol, crafts, selection of fit persons for higher positions, books of military arts, called as swordsmanship, art of fencing and controlling the sword, and used the method of sticking as striking and sticking type. The swordsmanship at this time, was used as means of symbol, crafts, selection of fit persons for higher positions and military defence, and used swords said to be an suthentic sword as its instrumental, and the judgement its technique was subjective. These swordsmanship can be said to be swordsmanship in actual fighting composed of various swordsmanship created by China, Japan, in the nation.

한국검술 및 검도의 현황과 과제

김영학,허건식 대한무도학회 2000 대한무도학회지 Vol.2 No.1

This research on current situations and tasks of Kumdo and Gumsul in Korea, reached the following conclusion. This is the tune for Kumdo to be converted the international sports m that Kumdo itself began to be converted from Japanese loyalty to the monarch participating in Japaneseand authoritative and police and crowd centered one to the meaning of educational value of military art, new materials of modern sports, criticism began to be raised about the purpose of rationalization and Japanization of Kumdo among many arguments on the competition regulations revision as many International Kumdo Competitions are hold. Kumdo has a long history of tradition. It is the case that it has emerged as a new material from the standpoint of modern sports. However, as mentioned earlier, Kumdo in korea have not presented right and sufficient historical grounds in its historical character and 53 private organizations have thriven. Also the Korea Kumdo Association and many private organizations have exerted themselves to insufficient theorization, self superiority and commercialization. Kumdo as a competition has not broken away from Japan, and its suit or competition processing method are weaker than those of other sports. These can be said to be faults derived from the fact that we have not kept our Kumdo not made it as ours. Also for right Kumdo to revive in the actual condition of private Kumdo in swing, as unlimited reformative method and countermeasures to cope with the imminent problems, measures to preparation of philosophical foundation, systematic integration, preservation of traditional swordsmanship and popularization of Kumdo should be taken.

검도수련에 있어 좌선坐禪에 관한 고찰

김영학,허건식,백경화 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 1997 武道硏究所誌 Vol.8 No.2

It can be thought kumdo practice is a kind of discipline to train both body and mind, so to speak, a method to train in both ways, physically and spiritually. Kumdo is systematically trained. In training of kumdo training of the Zen, i. e., Sitting-In-Zen(坐禪), is created on the base of the Buddhist monism of body and mind which bases the art of the Zen-martial Art(禪武). It is considered that the basic training of the kumdo appears in combination of both concepts of Buddhism and Taoism. Sitting in Zen in the kumdo is to cultivate the idea to calmly accept the entity(substance) of the life(生) of the Zen sect of Buddhism, thereby find delicate equibility. And it bases the Zen which emphasizes nowaday self-realization. Therefore, it can be thought that the ultimate step of self-realization through the kumdo, an Do(道, way), appears in the training of sitting in Zen(坐禪). The achievement of an Do(道, Way) in kumdo represents the self-completion surpassing the completion of the art of kumdo, meaning a step not depending on art or technical skill but surpassing limited thought or self-conciousness. Sitting in Zen(坐禪) in kumdo training is recognized as the very important before and after training. In the aspect of the Zen, the method of sitting in Zen(坐禪) regards how to pose and breath so important. To put the posture in order is necessary for the body to accustom to concentration, and breathing is a derect means to acquire concentration. Such sitting in Zen(坐禪) is done before and after the training of the art of kumdo, and however sitting in Zen(坐禪) before the training and that after the training differ a little each other. Sitting in Zen(坐禪) is a way to take the posture to be present at the training of and to stabilize the violent state.

本國劍法의 意味와 方法에 關한 硏究

김영학,허건식 龍仁大學校 1998 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.15 No.-

Bonkukkumbub is quire different from Japan Kumdo based on the review of the meanings and methods. The differences were shown by the various front-rear and right-left movement in the Bonkukkumbub patterns compared to Japan Kumdo patterns. Also. Bonkukkumbub was differenct from sport Kumdo which was modernized for the sport game. This Bonkukkumbub was originated in Shilla dynasty which was found in the literature to be used for the training of Hwarang. Therefore, Bonkukkumbub has its meanings for the study of foundation for Koreanized Kumdo today. However, the similarity between Hwarang Kumsool and Bonkukkumbub was not identified in this study, and the further research will be required. The main similarity in the posture between Bonkukkumbub and Japan Kumdo were shown and its reasons why the similarity was shown could be based on the two stories. First, Bonkukkumbub was transferee to Japan and the similar patterns were still existed. Second, the similar postures could be essential in any kind of Kumdo patterns because of its advantage to compete Therefore, the posture in Kumdo should be studied in the future.

거합(居合)의 원리에 관한 연구

김영학,허건식 용인대학교 무도연구소 2000 武道硏究所誌 Vol.11 No.1

In order to examine of Iaido(居合道), this study closely explored the genneral contents such as the types, methods and meanings of Kumdo in the historical background in Japanese and inquired into the characteristics of the developmental types. Iaido has a long history of Japanese tradition(Age of Edo). It is the case that it has emerged as a new material from He standpoint of modern Kumdo. Iaido in Korean Kumdo have not presented right and sufficient practical martial arts in Kumdo and a few martial arts private organizations have. Iaido have Katas its characteristics that the orders and methods of attack and defense was designed under agreement. Also practicing Katas makes it possible to team principles of various techniques and to acquire the techniques. This Iaido is complex techniques have been analyzed and organized Since Iaido have its technical implication with representing Kata of various train purposed martial arts. Also the Korea Kumdo Association and many private organizations have exerted themselves to insufficient theorization, self superiority and commercialization. Therefore Iaido should be carefully studied with maintaining original factors and with organizing Iaido for modern Kumdo practice.

무도수련에서 형(形)의 의미

박순진,허건식,윤종대 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 1998 武道硏究所誌 Vol.9 No.1

Various Katas have characteristics that the orders and methods of attack and defense was designed under agreement. Practicing Katas makes it possible to learn principles of various techniques and to acquire the techniques. These Katas are used for fair judgement and fair criteria to referee in game. Complex techniques have been analyzed and organized to have competitive martial arts from martial arts for training. Since various Kata have its technical implication with representing Kata of various train purposed martial arts, it should neither be criticized nor be modified with ease. Therefore Kata should be carefully studied with maintaining original factors and with organizing Kata for new technique.

당뇨병성 합병증을 가진 환자에서 혈중 Erythropoietin 농도

김동규,유기동,허광식,김상용,윤성호,조영신,권용은,김태원,김건영,정종훈,배학연 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1998 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.23 No.1

연구 배경 : 고혈당성에 의한 산화환원반응 이상(가저산소증)이 조절 되지않는 당뇨병의 특징으로 혈관과 신경 기능에 대한 진성 저산소증의 효과와 유사하며, 당뇨 합병증의 병태생리에 중요한 역할을 한다. 고혈당이 있는 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병 환자에서 인슐린 수준이 정상이듯이, 빈혈이 있는 당뇨병 환자에서 EPO의 농도는 실제 혈색소 농도의 감소비율과 차이가 있을 것이라 추측된다. Friedman 등은 당뇨병성 합병증 원인 인자로 가저산소증(pseudohypoxia) 또는 저산소증(hypoxia)을 제기하였고 이런 인자들이 EPO의 상대적 또는 절대적 결핍에 의한 것임을 보고하였다. 방법 : EPO-Trac^(TM 125)I RIA kit을 이용하여 방사면역측정법으로 EPO 수준을 검사하였다. 전혈 3㎖을 5-10㎖ 시험관에 정맥 채혈하였으며, 용혈과 장기간의 보존을 위하여 원심분리를 즉시 시행하여 혈청을 영하 200C에서 냉동 보관 후 일괄적으로 검사 결과를 얻었다. 결과 : 1996년 9월부터 1997년 2월까지 조선대학교 부속병원 내과에 입원한 2형 당뇨병 환자 63례를 대상으로 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 당뇨병성 합병증이 없는 군과 있는 군간의 혈색소, 혈중 EPO농도의 차이는 유의한 차이가 있었으며 혈색소의 감소율보다 혈중 EPO의 감소율이 더 높았다. 2) 당뇨병성 망막증의 유무에 따른 혈색소 농도의 차이는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 혈중 EPO농도는 유의한 차이가 있었다. 증식성군에서만 혈중 EPO의 감소비율이 혈색소에 비해 높았다. 3) 당뇨병성 신증의 유무에 따른 혈색소, 혈중 EPO농도는 유의한 차이가 있었고 혈색소 감소율에 비해 EPO농도의 감소율이 높았다. 신증의 중증도에 따른 혈색소, EPO의 차이는 미세알부민뇨군을 제외하고는 유의한 차이를 보였고 혈색소 감소율에 비해 EPO의 감소율이 더높았다. 4) 당뇨병성 신경병증의 유무에 따른 혈색소 농도의 차이는 유의한 차이가 없었으며 EPO농도는 유의한 차이를 보였다. 혈색소와 EPO의 감소비율은 비슷하였다. 신경병증의 중등도에 따른 혈색소와 EPO농도의 변화는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 stage 3에서는 혈색소감소율보다 EPO감소율이 더높았다. 결론 : 당뇨병성 합병증을 가진 환자에서 빈혈의 정도는 대부분 혈청 EPO치의 절대적 감소에 의함을 간접적으로 밝혀낼 수 있었으며 차후 더 많은 대상으로 비교 분석이 필요하리라 사료된다. Background: Hyperglycemic-induced redox(pseudohypoxia) imbalance is a characteristic feature of poorly controlled diabetes that mimics the effects of true hypoxia on vascular and neural functions and plays an important role on the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. As is true for apparently "normal" insulin levels typically found in NIDDM even in the presence of hyperglycemia, a "normal" erythropoietin level in an anemic diabetic subject may be disproportionally low for the actual red cell mass. Therefore, Friedman et al suggested that pseudohypoxia or hypoxia as an etiological factor of diabetic complications are due to absolute or relative erythropoietin deficiency Method: EPO-TracTM 125I RIA kit was used for the quantitative determination of erythropoietin(EPO) in serum by radioimmunoassay. An adequate sample of blood (3ml whole blood) was collected aseptically by venipuncture in a 5~10ml glass tube to yield a minimum of 400 L of serum per assay. The serum was promptly removed from the clot by centrifugation in order to avoid hemolysis. Then to increase its storage time it was frozen at -200C in a nonself defrosting freezer. Finally, tests were undertaken simultaneously Results We studied 63 cases with diabetes mellitus, who were admitted to Chosun University Hospital from September, 1996 to February, 1997 at the Department of Internal Medicine. We defined the control group, as diabetic patients who did not have anemia(<13mg/dl), diabetic complications(retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) and the remainders were defined as the experimental group(we excluded anemic patients, who had secondary causes of anemia and diabetic patients with end stage renal disease)Data were as follow 1) The relationship of Hb and the 24hr urine protein between diabetic patients with and without complications significantly differed(p=0.02, < 0.001 respectively), but the Hb level was poorly related between diabetic patients with and without retinopathy(except in preproliferative, proliferative subgroups) and neuropathy. 2) Subgroups of patients with diabetic complications had higher 24hr urine protein than patients without diabetic complications, except stage I diabetic neuropathy 3) The EPO level was significantly different between diabetic patients with and without complications. 4) The correlation between EPO and Hb was significantly different, especially in diabetic patients with retinopathy and nephropathy according to severity of diabetic complications, compared with patients who did not have diabetic complications such as retinopathy and nephropathy. Conclusion: We know that anemia induced by diabetic complications is due to relative EPO deficiency than absolute EPO deficiency, and further evaluation and studies are needed on many cases in the future

문화센터 참가 주부들의 여가만족 및 생활만족의 관계

이보선,이에리사,허건식 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 2001 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.11 No.1

This research is designed to examine the relations among on leisure satisfaction, life satisfaction and culture center housewives' participation. The results of this study is as follows; First, culture center-using housewives' leisure satisfaction according to socio-demographic features showed statistically significant difference in terms of family formation, and life satisfaction showed statically important difference in terms of age and household income. Secondly, for culture center-using housewives' life satisfaction as a result of their participating in sports and health lectures, it showed statistically significant difference in 5%, 1%, and 0.1%, in terms of both leisure satisfaction and subordinate variables. Thirdly, as for culture center-using housewives' life satisfaction as a result of participating in sports and health lectures, those who took part in the lectures showed higher life satisfaction degree(4.9011) than those who didn't(4.7490), but statistically there was no significant difference. Fourthly, with the regard to culture center-using housewives' leisure satisfaction and life satisfaction depending on their experience of participating in sports and health lectures, it shows high correlations between their participation and leisure satisfaction, and it also sees high correlations between leisure satisfaction and life satisfaction. And as a result of putting life and leisure satisfactions as dependent variables, and culture center-using housewives' experience of participating in sports and health lectures as independent variables, it was found that participating experience has a direct influence on leisure satisfaction. Considering all of these results, culture center-using housewives' experience of participating in sports and health lectures was found to be an important factor to improve leisure and life satisfaction.

대기업 직장인들의 여가제약요인에 관한 조사연구

성영호,강석명,허건식 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 2003 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.13 No.2

This study is aimed at understanding the constraints of leisure for 300 male and female employees in the service of a large enterprise, S, in Suwon city, Gyeonggi province, and it analyzes the constraints of leisure for them depending on variables. The collected questionnaires were analyzed by the means of SPSS/PC+ statistics program. A One Way-ANOVA was employed to uncover the constraints of leisure depending on each variable, after which Scheffe test was carried out. With these research methods and data analyses, the conclusions of this research on the leisure constraints of large enterprise employees are as follows. First, 'lack of time', one of the constraints of leisure, demonstrated a meaningful difference (p<.05) between male and female employees, as male employees seemed to be prevented from enjoying leisure activities by 'lack of time' more than their counterparts. Second, 'absence of a partner(s)' (p<.05) and financial cost (p<.0l) showed a meaningful difference among different age groups. Those aged between 50 and 59 seemed to suffer from 'absence of a partner(s)' more than any other factors in enjoying leisure, whereas 'lack of time', was a more important constraint for those aged between 30 and 39. Third, all the factors lack of time, facilities and programs, lack of motivation, laziness, absence of a partner(s), and financial cost - appeared to have no meaningful difference among employees with different duties. Fourth, 'lack of motivation' (p<.05), 'laziness' (p<.05), and 'financial cost' (p<.0l) showed a meaningful difference among employees with a diverse range of careers. Those with a career of over 26 years pointed out 'lack of motivation' and 'laziness' as the most crucial constraints of leisure, whereas 'financial cost' seemed to matter to the leisure of those with a career between 11 and 15 years more than any other constraints.