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Paraquat 중독환자의 초기검사로서 sodium dithionite를 이용한 소변내 paraquat검출의 임상적 의의
윤갑준,임경수,이진웅,김영식,이부수,박덕우,김선만,이강현,황성오,안무업 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.1
Background : Mortality from paraquat intoxication depends upon plasma paraquat concentration. To know the severity of paraquat intoxication is important for directing therapeutic modality and predicting prognosis. Sodium dithionite test for urinary paraquat provides an easy and simple method to determine the severity of paraquat intoxication in emergency department. purpose : To determine whether the result urinary paraquat test by sodium dithionite can predict outcome in patients with paraquat intoxication in emergency department. Subjects : 48 patients(male 31, female 17, mean age 37 years) who had exposure to paraquat and presented within 24 hours after exposure. Result : Thirty five patients were positive in paraquat urine test and thirteen patients were negative. Clinical manifestations were more severe in positive patients than in negatives. Complication was much more in positives than in negatives. 28 of 35 patients(80%) in positives and 2 of 13 patients(15%) in negatives died. Conclusion : Positive test for urinary paraquat is associated with high mortality and morbidity from paraquat intoxication, and qualitative test for urinary paraquat by sodium dithionite is an useful method to determine the severity of paraquat intoxication in emergency department.
Yoon Tae Goo(구윤태),Tae Hoon Kang(강태훈),Kye Wan Lee(이계완),Do Hoon Kim(김도훈),Yu Hwa Park(박유화),Byoung Deok Kim(김병덕),Min Won Lee(이민원),Hyoweon Bang(방효원),Young Wook Choi(최영욱) 한국고분자학회 2020 폴리머 Vol.44 No.2
천연물 유래 면역 조절제인 물오리나무 엑스는 불안정성으로 인해 연고제 개발에 제한적이었다. 본 연구에서는 폴리에틸렌글리콜을 기반으로 한 안정화된 물오리나무 엑스 연고를 개발하였다. 허쉘-버클리 모델에 대입하였을 때 유동 거동 지수는 0.41~0.97로 계산되었으며, 전단박화 유동을 확인하였다. 사람을 대상으로 한 관능 평가에서 폴리에틸렌글리콜 연고가 습윤성 및 수세성 측면에서 백색바셀린 연고보다 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 물오리나무 엑스의 온도의존성 분해반응은 1차 속도식을 따랐으며, 40℃ 가속 안정성 시험에서 폴리에틸렌글리콜 연고(P3)의 유효기간이 527일로 가장 길었다. 또한 계산된 2.17의 Q10 값을 이용하였을 때, P3의 유효기간은 25℃에서 4년을 초과하는 것으로 추정되었다. 따라서 우수한 안정성을 갖는 제품 개발에 P3 제제가 적절한 후보군이라 할 수 있다. Ointment formulation development of Alnus sibirica extract (ASEx), a natural immunomodulator, has been limited because of instability problem. In this study, stabilized ASEx-containing ointments were developed using polyethylene glycol (PEG) base. By the Herschel–Bulkley model, the flow behavior indices were calculated as 0.41~0.97, indicating a shear-thinning flow. The PEG ointments were superior to other comparative formulation, white petrolatum-based ointment, in terms of moistness and removal capacity in a simplified sensory assessment by human volunteers. ASEx degradation followed first-order kinetics with temperature dependence. From accelerated stability assessments, a selective formulation (P3) was found to have longest shelf life of 527 days at 40℃. Furthermore, by applying a Q10 value of 2.17, the shelf life of P3 at 25℃ was estimated to exceed four years. Thus, we conclude that the P3 formulation may be an appropriate candidate for development of a commercial product with good long-term stability.
Kang, Seok-Min,Lim, Soyeon,Song, Heesang,Chang, Woochul,Lee, Sunju,Bae, Sang-mee,Chung, Ji Hyung,Lee, Hakbae,Kim, Ho-Gyoung,Yoon, Deok-Hyo,Kim, Tae Woong,Jang, Yangsoo,Sung, Jae-Mo,Chung, Nam-Sik,Hwan Elsevier 2006 european journal of pharmacology Vol.535 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Myocardial oxidative stress and Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> overload induced by ischemia-reperfusion may be involved in the development and progression of myocardial dysfunction in heart failure. Xanthine oxidase, which is capable of producing reactive oxygen species, is considered as a culprit regarding ischemia-reperfusion injury of cardiomyocytes. Even though inhibition of xanthine oxidase by allopurinol in failing hearts improves cardiac performance, the regulatory mechanisms are not known in detail. We therefore hypothesized that allopurinol may prevent the xanthine oxidase-induced reactive oxygen species production and Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> overload, leading to decreased calcium-responsive signaling in myocardial dysfunction. Allopurinol reversed the increased xanthine oxidase activity in ischemia-reperfusion injury of neonatal rat hearts. Hypoxia-reoxygenation injury, which simulates ischemia-reperfusion injury, of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes resulted in activation of xanthine oxidase relative to that of the control, indicating that intracellular xanthine oxidase exists in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and that hypoxia-reoxygenation induces xanthine oxidase activity. Allopurinol (10 μM) treatment suppressed xanthine oxidase activity induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation injury and the production of reactive oxygen species. Allopurinol also decreased the concentration of intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> increased by enhanced xanthine oxidase activity. Enhanced xanthine oxidase activity resulted in decreased expression of protein kinase C and sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase and increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and p38 kinase. Xanthine oxidase activity was increased in both ischemia-reperfusion-injured rat hearts and hypoxia-reoxygenation-injured cardiomyocytes, leading to reactive oxygen species production and intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> overload through mechanisms involving p38 kinase and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) via sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) and protein kinase C (PKC). Xanthine oxidase inhibition with allopurinol modulates reactive oxygen species production and intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> overload in hypoxia-reoxygenation-injured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.</P>
Impacts of Exchange Rates on Korea’s Trade Balance by Industry and Region
Yoon, Deok Ryong(윤덕룡),Kang, Sam Mo(강삼모) 동국대학교 사회과학연구원 2015 사회과학연구 Vol.22 No.3
우리나라는 무역의존도가 매우 높은 나라이어서 환율의 영향을 많이 받는다. 특히 여러 환율 중 원/달러 환율의 영향을 많이 바든 것으로 알려져 왔다. 본 논문에서는 원/달러 환율이 아직도 우리나라의 무역에 가장 큰 영향력을 발휘하는지 알기 위해서 그 영향력을 실증분석해 보았다. VAR 충격반응분석을 사용한 결과 다음과 같은 특징을 알 수 있었다. 첫째, 원/달러, 원/엔, 원/위안 환율은 전체 무역수지, 경공업 무역수지, 대미 무역수지, 대유럽 무역수지에 영향을 미쳤다. 그러나 그 중에서 원/달러의 영향력이 가장 큰 편이었다. 둘째, 원/유로 환율은 IT 공업수지, 대일본 무역수지에 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 원/위안 환율의 영향력은 지속적으로 커져서 거의 원/달러 환율의 영향력에 비슷해 졌다. Korea, a country with a high dependency on trade, has focused on dollar exchange rate in its foreign exchange market. This paper questioned whether dollar is still the most important for Korea’s trade and analyzed the impacts of exchange rates on Korea’s trade. The results of VAR impulse response analysis have confirmed the followings: First, the exchange rates of dollar, yen, and yuan have influence on overall trade balance, light industry trade balance, trade balance with the US, and trade balance with Europe. However, dollar has still the biggest impact on Korea’s trade. Second, the exchange rate of euro has influence on the IT industry trade balance and the trade balance with Japan.Third, the impact of the Chinese yuan became greater to be similar to that of the dollar.