Robust MR assessment of cerebral blood volume and mean vessel size using SPION-enhanced ultrashort echo acquisition

Han, S.H.,Cho, J.H.,Jung, H.S.,Suh, J.Y.,Kim, J.K.,Kim, Y.R.,Cho, G.,Cho, H. Elsevier 2015 NeuroImage Vol.112 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Intravascular superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION)-enhanced MR transverse relaxation rates (∆<I>R<SUB>2</SUB> <SUP>⁎</SUP> </I> and ∆<I>R<SUB>2</SUB> </I>) are widely used to investigate <I>in vivo</I> vascular parameters, such as the cerebral blood volume (CBV), microvascular volume (MVV), and mean vessel size index (mVSI, ∆<I>R<SUB>2</SUB> <SUP>⁎</SUP>/∆R<SUB>2</SUB> </I>). Although highly efficient, regional comparison of vascular parameters acquired using gradient-echo based <I>∆R<SUB>2</SUB> <SUP>⁎</SUP> </I> is hampered by its high sensitivity to magnetic field perturbations arising from air–tissue interfaces and large vessels. To minimize such demerits, we took advantage of the dual contrast property of SPION and both theoretically and experimentally verified the direct benefit of replacing gradient-echo based <I>∆R<SUB>2</SUB> <SUP>⁎</SUP> </I> measurement with ultra-short echo time (UTE)-based <I>∆R<SUB>1</SUB> </I> contrast to generate the robust CBV and mVSI maps. The UTE acquisition minimized the local measurement errors from susceptibility perturbations and enabled dose-independent CBV measurement using the vessel/tissue <I>∆R<SUB>1</SUB> </I> ratio, while independent spin-echo acquisition enabled simultaneous <I>∆R<SUB>2</SUB> </I> measurement and mVSI calculation of the cortex, cerebellum, and olfactory bulb, which are animal brain regions typified by significant susceptibility-associated measurement errors.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>ΔR<SUB>2</SUB> <SUP>⁎</SUP> </I>-CBV is vessel orientation dependent and vulnerable to susceptibility artifacts. </LI> <LI> UTE acquisition minimizes susceptibility artifacts and enables dose-independent CBV. </LI> <LI> UTE-based CBV can theoretically and experimentally replace <I>ΔR<SUB>2</SUB> <SUP>⁎</SUP> </I> for vessel size. </LI> <LI> UTE-based <I>ΔR<SUB>1</SUB> </I> contrasts enable consistent CBV and mVSI maps in mouse brain. </LI> <LI> <I>ΔR<SUB>1</SUB> </I> and <I>ΔR<SUB>2</SUB> <SUP>⁎</SUP> </I> contrasts can be synergistically combined to enhance SPION contrast. </LI> </UL> </P>

경사지에서 고추 정식시기에 따른 토양유실과 유출수에 대한 식생피복 효과

조희래(Cho H.R.),하상건(S.K. Ha),현승훈(S.H. Hyun),허승오(S.O. Hur),한경화(K.H. Han),홍석영(S.Y. Hong),전상호(S.H. Jeon),김은진(E.J. Kim),이동성(D.S. Lee) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.3

As sloped farmland is subject to runoff and soil erosion and consequently require appropriate vegetative coverage to conserve soil and water, a field study was carried out to evaluate the impact of crop canopy coverage on soil loss and runoff from the experimental plot with three different textural types (clay loam, loam, and sandy loam). The runoff and soil loss were examined at lysimeters with 15% slope, 5 m in length, and 2 m in width for five months from May to September 2009 in Suwon (37° 16" 42.67" N, 126° 59" 0.11" E). Red pepper (Capsicum annum L. cv. Daechon) seedlings were transplanted on three different dates, May 4 (RP1), 15 (RP2), and 25 (RP3) to check vegetation coverage. During the experimental period, the vegetation coverage and plant height were measured at 7 day-intervals and then the "canopy cover subfactor" (an inverse of vegetation cover) was subsequently calculated. After each rainfall ceased, the amounts of soil loss and runoff were measured from each plot. Under rainfall events >100 mm, both soil loss and runoff ratio increased with increasing canopy cover subfactor (R²=0.35, p<0.01, R²=0.09, p<0.1), indicating that as vegetation cover increases, the amount of soil loss and runoff reduces. However, the soil loss and runoff were depending on the soil texture and rainfall intensity (i. e., EI30). The red pepper canopy cover subfactor was more highly correlated with soil loss in clay loam (R²=0.83, p<0.001) than in sandy loam (R²=0.48, p<0.05) and loam (R²=0.43, p<0.1) plots. However, the runoff ratio was effectively mitigated by the canopy coverage under the rainfall only with EI30<1000 MJ mm ha<SUP>-1</SUP> hr<SUP>-1</SUP> (R²=0.34, p<0.05). Therefore, this result suggested that soil loss from the red pepper field could be reduced by adjusting seedling transplanting dates, but it was also affected by the various soil textures and EI30.

Relationship between Stress Gene Polymorphisms and Litter Size by AI in Pigs

Jin, H.J.,Kim, I.C.,Wee, M.S.,Yeon, S.H.,Kim, C.D.,Lee, S.S.,Cho, C.Y.,Cho, S.R.,Son, D.S.,Park, C.K. 韓國受精卵移植學會 2007 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.22 No.4

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between PSS-HSP70 gene polymorphism and artificial insemination (AI) reproductivity in the pigs. The RFLP polymorphism of PSS and the SSCP polymorphisms of HSP70 K1, K3 and K4 PCR product were detected different patterns. In the experiment for AI of fresh semen, spring and fall season showed higher litter size born of 10.89 head than 10.47 head of summer season. Landrace was showed higher litter size of 9.96 head than that of Duroc and Yorkshire (p<0.05). Stress relating PSS and HSP70 polymorphism of PSS-Normal, HSP70 K1-BB, K3-AB, K4-AA showd a highest litter size born of 10.97 head and litter size born alive of 10.69 head than that of the other polymorphisms(p<0.05). In the experiment for AI of frozen semen, effects of season and pig breeds were not showed for litter size born. The stress relating polymorphism of PSS-Carrier, HSP70 K1-BB, K3-BB, K4-AB showed highest litter size born of 11.29 head and litter size born alive of 10.82 head and PSS-Normal, HSP70 K1-BB, K3-AB, K4-AA showed the lowest litter size born of 8.48 head and litter size born alive of 7.33 head than that of the other polymorphisms(p<0.05). These results suggest that AI litter size born for the stress of forzen thawed semen may be affected by PSS and HSP70 polymorphism in pigs.

반추위내 (反芻胃內) Cellulolytic bacteria 의 분리 동정 (同定) 및 Activity 에 관한 연구 (2) 반추위내 Cellulolytic bacteria 의 Activity 에 관한 연구

민병렬(B . R . Min),맹원재(W . J . Maeng),조남기(N . K . Cho) 한국영양사료학회 1991 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.15 No.3

한국인 Long Term Non Progressors로부터 분리된 HIV-1 env 및 nef 유전자와 이들의 면역 유전학적 특성 분석에 의한 질병진전 요인 규명

이주실,강춘,김성순,박근용,고운영,기미경,최병선,남정구,서순덕,이성래,구본기,박혜경,도경미,김태규,최희백,조현일,김요숙,김지영,이해정,안수진 국립보건연구원 1999 국립보건원보 Vol.36 No.-

Relationship between Stress Gene Polymorphisms and Litter Size by AI in Pigs

H. J. Jin,I. C. Kim,M. S. Wee,S. H. Yeon,C. D. Kim,S. S. Lee,C. Y. Cho,S. R. Cho,D. S. Son,C. K. Park,Z. D. Li 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2007 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.22 No.4

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between PSS-HSP70 gene polymorphism and artificial insemination (AI) reproductivity in the pigs. The RFLP polymorphism of PSS and the SSCP polymorphisms of HSP70 K1, K3 and K4 PCR product were detected different patterns. In the experiment for AI of fresh semen, spring and fall season showed higher litter size born of 10.89 head than 10.47 head of summer season. Landrace was showed higher litter size of 9.96 head than that of Duroc and Yorkshire(p<0.05). Stress relating PSS and HSP70 polymorphism of PSS-Normal, HSP70 K1-BB, K3-AB, K4-AA showd a highest litter size born of 10.97 head and litter size born alive of 10.69 head than that of the other polymorphisms(p<0.05). In the experiment for AI of frozen semen, effects of season and pig breeds were not showed for litter size born. The stress relating polymorphism of PSS-Carrier, HSP70 K1-BB, K3-BB, K4-AB showed highest litter size born of 11.29 head and litter size born alive of 10.82 head and PSS-Normal, HSP70 K1-BB, K3-AB, K4-AA showed the lowest litter size born of 8.48 head and litter size born alive of 7.33 head than that of the other polymorphisms(p<0.05). These results suggest that AI litter size born for the stress of forzen thawed semen may be affected by PSS and HSP70 polymorphism in pigs.

Sporadic Early-Onset Diffuse Gastric Cancers Have High Frequency of Somatic CDH1 Alterations, but Low Frequency of Somatic RHOA Mutations Compared With Late-Onset Cancers

Cho, S.Y.,Park, J.W.,Liu, Y.,Park, Y.S.,Kim, J.H.,Yang, H.,Um, H.,Ko, W.R.,Lee, B.I.,Kwon, S.Y.,Ryu, S.W.,Kwon, C.H.,Park, D.Y.,Lee, J.H.,Lee, S.I.,Song, K.S.,Hur, H.,Han, S.U.,Chang, H.,Kim, S.J.,Kim Elsevier North Holland [etc.] 2017 Gastroenterology Vol.153 No.2

<P>BACKGROUND & AIMS: Early-onset gastric cancer, which develops in patients younger than most gastric cancers, is usually detected at advanced stages, has diffuse histologic features, and occurs more frequently in women. We investigated somatic genomic alterations associated with the unique characteristics of sporadic diffuse gastric cancers (DGCs) from younger patients. METHODS: We conducted whole exome and RNA sequence analyses of 80 resected DGC samples from patients 45 years old or younger in Korea. Patients with pathogenic germline mutations in CDH1, TP53, and ATM were excluded from the onset of this analysis, given our focus on somatic alterations. We used MutSig2CV to evaluate the significance of mutated genes. We recruited 29 additional early-onset Korean DGC samples and performed SNP6.0 array and targeted sequencing analyses of these 109 early-onset DGC samples (54.1% female, median age, 38 years). We compared the SNP6.0 array and targeted sequencing data of the 109 early-onset DGC samples with those from diffuse-type stomach tumor samples collected from 115 patients in Korea who were 46 years or older (late onset) at the time of diagnosis (controls; 29.6% female, median age, 67 years). We compared patient survival times among tumors from different subgroups and with different somatic mutations. We performed gene silencing of RHOA or CDH1 in DGC cells with small interfering RNAs for cell-based assays. RESULTS: We identified somatic mutations in the following genes in a significant number of early-onset DGCs: the cadherin 1 gene (CDH1), TP53, ARID1A, KRAS, PIK3CA, ERBB3, TGFBR1, FBXW7, RHOA, and MAP2K1. None of 109 early-onset DGC cases had pathogenic germline CDH1 mutations. A higher proportion of early-onset DGCs had mutations in CDH1 (42.2%) or TGFBR1 (7.3%) compared with control DGCs (17.4% and 0.9%, respectively) (P<.001 and P=.014 for CDH1 and TGFBR1, respectively). In contrast, a smaller proportion of early-onset DGCs contained mutations in RHOA (9.2%) than control DGCs (19.1%) (P=.033). Late-onset DGCs in The Cancer Genome Atlas also contained less frequent mutations in CDH1 and TGFBR1 and more frequent RHOA mutations, compared with early-onset DGCs. Early-onset DGCs from women contained significantly more mutations in CDH1 or TGFBR1 than early-onset DGCs from men. CDH1 alterations, but not RHOA mutations, were associated with shorter survival times in patients with early-onset DGCs (hazard ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 - 7.7). RHOA activity was reduced by an R5W substitution-the RHOA mutation most frequently detected in early-onset DGCs. Silencing of CDH1, but not RHOA, increased migratory activity of DGC cells. CONCLUSIONS: In an integrative genomic analysis, we found higher proportions of early-onset DGCs to contain somatic mutations in CDH1 or TGFBR1 compared with late-onset DGCs. However, a smaller proportion of early-onset DGCs contained somatic mutations in RHOA than late-onset DGCs. CDH1 alterations, but not RHOA mutations, were associated with shorter survival times of patients, which might account for the aggressive clinical course of early-onset gastric cancer. Female predominance in early-onset gastric cancer may be related to relatively high rates of somatic CDH1 and TGFBR1 mutations in this population.</P>

Aluminizing and Boroaluminizing Treatments of Mar-M247 and Their Effect on Hot Corrosion Resistance in Na₂SO₄-NaCl Molten Salt

Cho, J.H.,Kim, T.W.,Son, K.S.,Yoon, J.H.,Kim, H.S.,Leisk, G.G.,Mitton, D.B.,Latanision, R.M. 대한금속재료학회 2003 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.9 No.3

The effect of surface modifications of Mar-M247 superalloy on hot corrosion resistance was examined in Na₂SO₄-NaCl molten salt. The Mar-M247 was aluminized and boroaluminized by pack cementation in Ar and underwent a cyclic hot corrosion test in Na₂SO₄-NaCl molten salt. The XRD results showed that a Ni2Al3 phase was formed between the aluminized layer and the substrate when the surface modification temperature was below 1273 K. However, a NiAl phase formed when the temperature was above 1273 K. The intensity of the XRD peak in the NiAl phase increased after post heat treatment. Hot corrosion resistance increased for the specimens containing NiAl rather than Ni₂Al₃ phase. The ductile NiAl phase suppressed the potential for crack initiation during thermal cycling. Post heat treatment increased the corrosion resistance of the aluminized layer for Mar-M247, which underwent surface modification at 1273 K and above. In the boroaluminized Mar-M247 specimens, corrosion resistance decreased as a result of the blocking of outward diffusion of Cr by boron and decreased cohesion between the oxide scale and the aluminized layer during thermal cycling.

R&D of 154㎸, 1GVA, HTS Cable in Korea

J. Cho,K.D. Sim,S. Kim,S.K. Lee,B.M.Yang,S.R. Kim,H.K.Yeom,S.J. Lee,M.W. Park 한국자기학회 2010 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.2010 No.12

Spin glass behavior in frustrated quantum spin system CuAl₂O₄ with a possible orbital liquid state

Nirmala, R,Jang, Kwang-Hyun,Sim, Hasung,Cho, Hwanbeom,Lee, Junghwan,Yang, Nam-Geun,Lee, Seongsu,Ibberson, R M,Kakurai, K,Matsuda, M,Cheong, S-W,Gapontsev, V V,Streltsov, S V,Park, Je-Geun Institute of Physics 2017 Journal of Physics, Condensed Matter Vol.29 No.13

<P>CuAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> is a normal spinel oxide having quantum spin, <I>S</I>  =  1/2 for Cu<SUP>2+</SUP>. It is a rather unique feature that the Cu<SUP>2+</SUP> ions of CuAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> sit at a tetrahedral position, not like the usual octahedral position for many oxides. At low temperatures, it exhibits all the thermodynamic evidence of a quantum spin glass. For example, the polycrystalline CuAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> shows a cusp centered at ~2 K in the low-field dc magnetization data and a clear frequency dependence in the ac magnetic susceptibility while it displays logarithmic relaxation behavior in a time dependence of the magnetization. At the same time, there is a peak at ~2.3 K in the heat capacity, which shifts towards a higher temperature with magnetic fields. On the other hand, there is no evidence of new superlattice peaks in the high-resolution neutron powder diffraction data when cooled from 40 to 0.4 K. This implies that there is no long-ranged magnetic order down to 0.4 K, thus confirming a spin glass-like ground state for CuAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>. Interestingly, there is no sign of structural distortion either although Cu<SUP>2+</SUP> is a Jahn–Teller active ion. Thus, we claim that an orbital liquid state is the most likely ground state in CuAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>. Of further interest, it also exhibits a large frustration parameter, <I>f</I>  =  |<I>θ</I> <SUB>CW</SUB>/<I>T</I> <SUB>m</SUB>| ~ 67, one of the largest values reported for spinel oxides. Our observations suggest that CuAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> should be a rare example of a frustrated quantum spin glass with a good candidate for an orbital liquid state.</P>