Food Science/Microbiology ; Risk Assessment on Nitrate and Nitrite in Vegetables Available in Korean Diet

( Jung Hyuck Suh ),( Ock Jin Paek ),( Young Woon Kang ),( Ji Eun Ahn ),( Ji Sun Jung ),( Yeong Soon An ),( Sun Hee Park ),( Sang Jae Lee ),( Kwang Ho Lee ) 한국응용생명화학회 2013 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.56 No.4

Nitrate is a naturally occurring compound in plant and can be converted to nitrite in the nitrogen cycle and vice versa. Therefore, it is easy to find nitrate in plants including vegetables. Especially, it is known that high levels of nitrate found in leafy vegetables. Nitrate itself is relatively non-toxic but its metabolites and reaction products such as nitrite, nitric oxide and N-nitroso compounds, may produce adverse health effects such as methaemoglobinaemia and carcinogenesis. To execute the risk assessment of dietary nitrate and nitrite for the intake of vegetables, it is investigated that the levels of nitrate and nitrite in 23 vegetables (798 samples). The range of concentration were 0?6,719mg/kg for nitrate and 0?1,635mg/kg for nitrite, respectively. The Estimated daily intakes (EDI) were 0.85?1.38 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrate and 0.02?0.03 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrite by ages. We conclude that there are no health concerns for eating various vegetables since the EDI were below the Tolerable Daily Intake (3.7 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrate, 0.06 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrite) level established by WHO.

電算化斷層撮影을 利用한 腎容積에 關한 硏究 : An experimental study in pig kidneys and renal volume in normal Korean adults

安敬秀,金正爀,徐源赫 고려대학교 의과대학 1985 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.22 No.3

Computed tomography (CT) potentially offers the most accurate means of estimating organ volumes in vivo. Authors measured the volume of the pig kidneys by CT in vitro, and measured by water displacement method for accuracy evaluation of CT method. Eleven fresh pig kidneys (120 to 200 gm) were steeped in saline plastic tray, scanned with Siemens Somatom Ⅱ whole body scanner using slice thickness 0.8cm, interval 1.0cm and scan time 5sec as like usual abdominal CT scan. Immediately after completion of the CT scan, the volume and various dimension were determined. And 130 cases of normal Korean adults were selected arbitrarily in 6 groups of every decades, male and female, 10 to 12 cases in each group, and measured the renal dimensions and volume by CT. The results were as follow: 1. Renal size measurement by CT was rapid and relatively simple procedure that is accurate to=4% in nephrectomized pig kidneys. And there was no statistical difference between CT method and direct measurement (P-value>0.05). 2. The renal volume of normal Korean adult was in the range of 110.7㎤-350.4㎤. 3. Average of male renal volume was 213.2±56.7㎤ on left, and 167.6±55.2㎤ on right, in female, average renal volume was 177.9±36.4㎤ on left, and 171.9±35.6㎤ on right. 4. Male renal volume was about 30㎤ larger than that of female, and left kidney was about 10㎤ larger in volume than that of right. 5. In 43 cases of 130 cases(33%), no right and left size differences were noted or right renal volumes were larger than those of left. In male, renal volume was increased gradually from 21-30 years group, and at age of 51-60 years group, the renal volume was peak. After then, the kidneys decrease gradually in volume with advancing age. But there was no evidence of age group difference in female renal volume. 6. In correlation between renal volume and length, breadth, AP dimension, the index was 0.575. So the ellipsoid equation was modified to V=0.575×L×B×AP dimension(V : volume, B : breadth, L : length). 7. CT is one of the accurate and simple method to measure the organ volume in vivo.

Effects of Electrical Stress on the Mid-Gap Interface Trap Density and the Capture Cross Sections Characterized by Pulsed Interface Probing (PIP) Measurements

Hyuck In Kwon,박병국,In Man Kang,Jong Duk Lee,Jung Chak Ahn,Sang Sik Park,Woo Suk Hyun,Yong Hee Lee 한국물리학회 2004 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.44 No.1

High-field electrical stress effects on the mid-gap interface trap density (Dito) and the geometric mean capture cross sections (o) in n-MOSFETs have been studied using the pulsed interface probing (PIP) method. The results show that the PIP technique is sensitive to changes in mid-gap trap cross-section values caused by the Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) electrical stress. A decrease in the mid-gap trap cross-sections following F-N tunneling injection is found. Our work also provides further insight into the in uence of electrical stress on mid-gap interface trap generation in n- MOSFETs without the assumption of a constant capture cross-section value during F-N stresses. High-field electrical stress effects on the mid-gap interface trap density (Dito) and the geometric mean capture cross sections (o) in n-MOSFETs have been studied using the pulsed interface probing (PIP) method. The results show that the PIP technique is sensitive to changes in mid-gap trap cross-section values caused by the Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) electrical stress. A decrease in the mid-gap trap cross-sections following F-N tunneling injection is found. Our work also provides further insight into the in uence of electrical stress on mid-gap interface trap generation in n- MOSFETs without the assumption of a constant capture cross-section value during F-N stresses.

조혈모세포이식 환자에서의 기계 환기의 위험 인자 : Assessment of Risk Factors

안중경,이홍기,황정혜,박세훈,이효락,송서영,이순일,박준오,김기현,김원석,정철원,임영혁,강원기,박근칠 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2002 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.7 No.1

연구배경: 조혈모세포이식을 시행한 환자에서 집중 치료 시 예후가 매우 나쁜 것으로 알려져 있고, 기계 환기는 강력한 사망 예측 인자로서 보고되고 있다. 그러나 현재까지 이식 환자에서 기계 환기의 위험 인자를 밝힌 연구는 매우 드물다. 따라서 기계 환기를 시행한 조혈모세포이식 환자의 임상적 특징을 살펴보고 기계 환기에 대한 위험 인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 삼성서울병원에서 조혈모세포이식을 시행한 환자 중 기계 환기를 시행한 23명과 기계 환기를 시행하지 않은 142명을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 기계 환기에 대한 위험 인자의 여부에 관해서는 chi-square 또는 Fisher's exact 검정을 시행하였으며 기계 환기에 대한 각 위험 인자의 영향에 관해서는 다중로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 기계 환기를 시행한 23명의 환자 중 30일째 생존자는 1명이었고 6개월째 생존율은 0%였다. 생존자와 사망자 모두에서 다기관 기능부전이 관찰되었으며, APACHE II 점수와 SAPS II 점수에 의한 예측 사망률은 각각 56%, 59%였다. 조혈모세포이식 후 기계 환기의 위험 인자로는 선행 질환이 혈액질환, 부분불일치 동종이식, 간정맥폐색성질환, 이식 전 질병 상태가 재발하였거나 약물에 반응하지 않는 경우였다. 다중로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 기계 환기의 위험 인자로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타낸 것은 단지 부분불일치 동종이식을 시행한 경우였다. 결론: 현재까지 조혈모세포이식 환자에서 집중 치료의 역할에 대해서는 확실히 정립되어 있지는 않으며, 이식 환자에서 기계 환기는 강력한 사망 예측 인자이다. 따라서, 조혈모세포이식을 시행한 환자에서 기계 환기의 위험 인자와 불량한 예후 인자를 고려하여 기계 환기 여부에 대한 신중한 결정을 내려야 한다. Background: Respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation is a frequent, critical complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Patients who require mechanical ventilatory support after HSCT generally have a very poor prognosis. Mechanical ventilation in HSCT recipients is a strong predictive factor of mortality. The objectives of this study are to describe clinical characteristics of HSCT recipients undergoing mechanical ventilation and to identify the risk factors for mechanical ventilatory support after HSCT. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients >15 yrs old who received HSCT at Samsung Medical Center and subsequently required mechanical ventilatory support between 1996 and 2001. Results: Thirty-day mortality rate in HSCT recipients undergoing mechanical ventilation was 95.6%. The mean predictive mortality rates of APAHCE II score and SAPS II score were 56% and 59%, respectively. Reasons for mechanical ventila-tion were sepsis (47.8%) followed by fungal infection (13%) and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (8.7%). Univariate analysis identified relapsed or refractory diseases at HSCT, hematologic disease, hepatic venoocclusive disease and allogeneic or HLA-mismatched transplant as significant risk factors for mechanical ventilation. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, only allogeneic mismatched transplant remained significant. Conclusion: Overall outcome of HSCT recipients undergoing mechanical ventilation is very poor. Therefore, the risk factors and the poor prognostic factors for mechanical ventilation should be taken into account in making further treatment decision for HSCT recipients requiring mechanical ventilation.

Studies on the Effect of Number of Sugar Moiety in the Antifreeze Activity of Homodimeric AFGPs

Ahn, Mi-Ja,Murugan, Ravichandran N.,Kim, Eun-Jung,Lee, Jun-Hyuck,Cheong, Chae-Joon,Kang, Shin-Won,Park, Hee-Jung,Shin, Song-Yub,Kim, Hak-Jun,Bang, Jeong-Kyu Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.7

비선형 고분자에서의 선형 비선형 광학적 특성 연구

정치섭,조정혁,안창준 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 1999 産業科學硏究 Vol.17 No.1

We have studied the linear and nonlinear optical properties of the Langmuir(L) films of polyamic acid alkyl amin salt in which the nonlinear optic (NLO) chromophore (triphnylamino-(p-nitrophnyl)-ethylene group) was substituted as a side chain by using Brewster angle microscope(BAM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) technique. The collapse point in a π-A isotherm is generally defined as the surface pressure where the monolayers are riding on top of each other and disordered multilayers are being formed. But in this experiment using BAM and SHG, suprisingly the collapse was not found at the collapse point but found near the surface pressure where the liquid condensed(LC)-liquid expended(LE) phase transition occur.

Solvent/Detergent Treatment Process for Enhancing Viral Safety of a Human Acellular Dermal Matrix

Jung Hee Lee,Hyun Mi Kim,Seon Hwan Oh,Hyo Sun Jeong,Jinyoung Kim,Jaeyoung Ahn,Dong Hyuck Lee,In Seop Kim 한국생물공학회 2008 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.4

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 1β-Methyl-2-[5-(1,2-disubstituted ethyl)-pyrrolidin-3-ylthio]carbapenem Derivatives. Part III

Cho, Jung-Hyuck,Ahn, Soo-Hyun,Jeon, Hee-chol,Kim, So-Young,Oh, Chang-Hyun Korean Chemical Society 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.5

The synthesis of a new series of 1 $\beta$-methylcarbapenems having 5-(1,2-disubstituted ethyl)pyrrolidine moiety are described. Their in vitro antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were tested and the effect of substituents on the pyrrolidine ring was investigated. Among them, compound (IIIc) having 1-methoxyimino-2-hydroxyethyl moiety showed the most potent antibacterial activity.

Inter- and intra-observer variability in contouring of the prostate gland on planning computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography

Choi, Hyuck Jae,Kim, Young Seok,Lee, Se Hyung,Lee, Yu Sun,Park, Geumju,Jung, Jin Hong,Cho, Byung Chul,Park, Sung Ho,Ahn, Hanjong,Kim, Choung-Soo,Yi, Seong Yoon,Ahn, Seung Do Informa Healthcare 2011 Acta Oncologica Vol.50 No.4

<P><I>Purpose</I>. To investigate inter-/intra-observer variability in defining the prostate by use of planning computed tomography (PCT) and cone beam CT (CBCT) with magnetic resonance image (MRI) as guidance prior to the introduction of an adaptive radiotherapy for prostate cancer. <I>Material and methods</I>. We reviewed PCT and firstly acquired CBCT datasets of each ten patients with prostate cancer. Three physicians independently delineated the prostate based on PCT and CBCT with MRI as guidance, allowing determination of inter-physician variability. Two physicians repeated prostate contouring three times in total to investigate intra-physician variability. We compared delineated prostate volumes in terms of the generalized conformity index (CI<SUB>gen</SUB>), maximum variation ratio (MVR), and center of mass (COM). <I>Results</I>. There were no significant inter-/intra-observer differences in the estimation of prostate volume on both PCT and CBCT. For both inter- and intra-observer variability in contouring the prostate gland, there were no significant differences in MVR between PCT and CBCT. The CI<SUB>gen</SUB> for inter-observer variability was 0.74 by PCT and 0.69 by CBCT. The CI<SUB>gen</SUB> for intra-observer variability on PCT and CBCT was 0.84 and 0.81 for observer 2 and 0.76 and 0.73 for observer 3. COM analyses showed that the greatest inter-/intra-observer variability was in the measurement of the prostate apex and base. With respect to CI<SUB>gen</SUB> and COM analysis for the inter-observer variability, more precise delineation of the prostate was possible on PCT than CBCT. More precise contouring in terms of both CI<SUB>gen</SUB> and COM was demonstrated by observer 2 than observer 3. <I>Conclusions</I>. Despite some ambiguity in apex and base level, there was a good consistency in delineating the gland on CBCT plus MRI-guided modification both among/within observer(s), without any significant difference from the consistency in defining the prostate on PCT. This study provides a framework for future studies of CBCT imaging of the prostate.</P>

증례 : 감염 ; 털곰팡이증: Amphotericin B 치료 실패 후 Posaconazole로 호전된 1예

김정민 ( Jung Min Kim ),김수진 ( Su Jin Kim ),김우재 ( Woo Jae Kim ),이혁 ( Hyuck Lee ),한송이 ( Song Yee Han ),안희배 ( Hee Bae Ahn ),남영희 ( Young Hee Nam ) 대한내과학회 2010 대한내과학회지 Vol.79 No.5

혈당 조절이 불량한 58세 남자 환자가 털곰팡이증으로 진단되었다. 5주 이상의 amphotericin B 치료를 받았으나 병은 진행하여 대뇌로 침범하였다. 이후 그는 경구 posaconazole(800 mg/d 분복)을 6개월 동안 복용 중이다. Posaconazole 구제치료 시작 1주일 후, 환자는 극적인 임상적 호전을 보였고, 부작용 없이 24주째 복용 중이다. 털곰팡이증은 그의 진행이 빠르고 예후가 불량한 감염증으로 표준치료로써 AMB가 추천되었다. 저자들은 AMB 치료에 실패하였으나, posaconazole 구제치료에 성공한 비대뇌 털곰팡이증 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고한다. A 58-year-old man with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus developed rhinocerebral mucormycosis. The infection progressed to intracranial extension despite more than 5 weeks of treatment with amphotericin B. The patient then received oral posaconazole, 800 mg/d, in divided doses for 6 months. Salvage treatment with the new azole antifungal posaconazole resulted in dramatic clinical improvement as early as 1 week after the initiation of therapy. Oral posaconazole continued through 24 weeks of treatment, with marked clinical, mycological, and radiological improvements and no adverse events. Here we review the medical literature on rhinocerebral mucormycosis, which is a rapidly progressive and often fatal infection. The treatment of choice is amphotericin B, which failed in our patient. Our case report suggests that posaconazole appears to be a well tolerated and effective salvage treatment option for rhinocerebral mucormycosis, including disseminated disease. (Korean J Med 79:587-591, 2010)