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현대건축의 표현에 있어서 ‘Lightness’에 관한 연구
이종협,배준현 동양대학교 2000 동양대학교 논문집 Vol.6 No.1
Transparent and glittering vocabulary created by the use of glass in modern architecture has become a major concept, called "lightness", used by many modern architects. Although the use of structure components and the transparent materials of contemporary architecture resembles that of Modernism, it shows distinct ideas and structural solutions. This study recognizes the lightness in architecture as a phenomenon an understands, following results from an analysis of philosophical, cultural, and architectural meanings and trends within the architectural realm that are advocated by such phenomenon, that the future trends of architecture will deal with mobility, fluidity, and the loss of historical identity that are uncontrollable by the certainty and fixed vision of Modern architecture.
위내시경에서 육안적 이상 없이 진단된 저위도 점막연관림프조직형 위림프종 2예
이상협,송인성,정현채,김철우,김정룡,김주성,이진혁,우열근,예병덕,곽금연,이종열,이준규 대한소화기학회 2001 대한소화기학회지 Vol.37 No.1
Low-grade gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma has a broad spectrum of endoscopic presentations, which ranges from diffuse erosion to ulcerative mass. The bland appearance of this disease in some patients may reflect the early stage of the disease. We report 2 cases of low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma in which the endoscopic presentation consisted with normal appearing mucosa of the stomach. The patients were successfully treated with anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy. Endoscopy is useful to diagnose and follow up low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma. However, in the early stages of the disease, the histologic evaluation of biopsy specimens obtained from all gastric areas can be the more reliable diagnostic procedure to detect this neoplasm.
Lee, Hye Won,Park, Jun Yong,Lee, Jin Woo,Yoon, Ki Tae,Kim, Chang Wook,Park, Hana,Kim, Young Seok,Paik, Soon Ku,Lee, Jung Il,Kim, Beom Kyung,Han, Kwang-Hyub,Ahn, Sang Hoon Elsevier 2019 Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology Vol.17 No.7
<P><B>Background & aims</B></P> <P>There are no globally agreed upon treatment guidelines for patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) with multidrug resistance (MDR). We conducted a multicenter, prospective, real-world cohort study of effects of tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate (TDF) monotherapy and TDF-based combination therapy, as rescue therapy, in patients with multidrug-resistant chronic HBV infections.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We recruited patients with chronic HBV infection with resistance to antivirals from 8 tertiary hospitals in Korea. Patients (n=423) received rescue therapy with TDF monotherapy (n=174) or TDF-based combination therapy (n=249<B>).</B> The median follow-up period was 180 weeks. A virologic response was defined as a serum HBV DNA level of <20 IU/mL.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Cumulative rates of virologic response did not differ significantly between the groups that received TDF monotherapy vs combination therapy at 48 weeks (71.7% vs 68.9%), 96 weeks (85.1% vs 84.2%), 144 weeks (92.1% vs 92.7%), 192 weeks (93.4% vs 95.7%), or 240 weeks (97.7% vs 97.2%). Serum levels of HBV DNA below 4.0 log<SUB>10</SUB> IU/mL (odds ratio, 2.478; 95% CI 1.959–3.135; <I>P <</I> .001) and the absence of mutations associated with resistance to adefovir (odds ratio, 1.570; 95% CI 1.279–1.926; <I>P <</I> .001) were associated with virologic response in patients with MDR. There was no significant difference of virologic response among patients of different ages, sex, patients with vs without cirrhosis, positivity for hepatitis B e antigen, or renal function (all <I>P</I> > .05).</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>In a multicenter, real-world cohort study, long-term use of TDF monotherapy showed non-inferior antiviral efficacy compared with that of TDF-based combination therapy in patients with MDR.</P>
A study of subjective ratings for grip strengths based on target force levels
Jun-Hyub Lee,Kyeong-Hee Choi,Jae-Min Shin,Ju-Hee Lee,Yong-Ku Kong 대한인간공학회 2017 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.11
Objective: The aim of this study was an analysis for accuracy of subjective ratings for target force levels (%MVC Levels) when there is no feedback of exertions for participants in this analysis. Background: Many studies of perceived force exertion about the static contractions have been conducted with using the Borg CR-10 scale for various levels of target force exertions (i.e., %MVCs). However, there was only few studies for how people correctly estimate their subjective ratings of the grip strength associated with target force levels under no feedback. Method: A total of 10 healthy males were asked to perform their maximum grip strength, and then each participant was also asked to evaluate the subjective rating with the random target force levels (10 ~ 90% MVCs). Results: As the target force level was increased, subjective rating was also increased. In accuracy of subjective ratings for target force levels, 30, 40, 50, and 90% force levels were accurately estimated by the subjective rating of grip strength. However, participants under-estimated for the 10% and 20%MVC, whereas over-estimated for the 60~80% MVCs, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the study of accuracy of subjective perceive ratings for target force levels, people showed under-estimation for the relatively lower levels of target force levels and over-estimation for the higher levels of target force level (90% MVC). Most participants estimated fairly accurate subjective ratings for the target force levels of 40~50% MVCs. Application: The results of this study may applied as for understanding of the subjective rating of grip strength pattern based on the various voluntary grip force levels.
The Role of CDX2 in Intestinal Metaplasia Evaluated Using Immunohistochemistry
Lee, Byoung Hwan,Kim, Nayoung,Lee, Hye Seung,Kang, Jung Mook,Park, Hyun Kyung,Jo, Hyun Jun,Shin, Cheol Min,Lee, Sang Hyub,Park, Young Soo,Hwang, Jin Hyeok,Kim, Jin-Wook,Jeong, Sook-Hyang,Lee, Dong Ho The Korean Society of Gastroenterology; the Korean 2012 Gut and Liver Vol.6 No.1
<P><B>Background/Aims</B></P><P>Intestinal metaplasia (IM) has been regarded as a premalignant condition. This study evaluated the role of the transforming factor CDX2 according to the severity and type of IM.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>This analysis was performed on 383 subjects with IM in the antrum and/or body, with diagnoses that were categorized as controls, dysplasias, and gastric cancers. The IM grades were classified into four groups as negative, mild, moderate or severe using the updated Sydney scoring system. The IM subtypes were categorized as type I, type II, and type III using high iron diamine and alcian blue (pH 2.5) staining. The CDX2 expression in the IM foci was evaluated using immunohistochemistry in specimens from the antrum and/or body.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>CDX2 expression increased according to IM severity (p=0.001) but was not associated with the IM subtype (p=0.881) in the antrum specimens. Similarly, CDX2 expression increased according to the IM grade (p=0.001) but was not associated with the IM subtype (p=0.755) in the body specimens. CDX2 expression was also increased according to baseline disease in the antrum, especially dysplastic and GC group (p=0.003), but not in the body (p=0.582). However, status of <I>Helicobacter pylori</I> infection was not associated with CDX2 expression in the antrum (p=0.692) and body (p=0.271).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>These results show that CDX2 expression is associated with the IM grade regardless of the IM subtype and that it was more frequent in the dysplasia group. These results suggest that CDX2 expression might play an important role in the progression of IM in various environments that can affect neoplastic change.</P>
Lee, Jun‐,Yong,Jin, Joon‐,Hyung,Kim, Joon Hyub,Kim, Min Ja,Lee, Cheol Jin,Min, Nam Ki Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 Biotechnology and bioengineering Vol.109 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Transferred multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐modified platinum thin‐film immunosensing electrode material was engineered on a glass substrate and fabricated a fully‐integrated electrochemical three‐electrode system for monitoring <I>Legionella pneumophila</I>. The transferred MWCNT film was treated with oxygen plasma to improve its electrochemical response and electrical conductivity. We voltammetrically characterized and optimized the electrochemical performance of the fabricated electrode for direct detection of <I>Legionella pneumophila</I>‐specific peptidoglycan‐associated lipoprotein (PAL) and maltose binding protein (MBP) peptidoglycan‐associated lipoprotein (MBP‐PAL) fusion. The latter, as an intermediate product to yield the former, has important roles in the growth and purification of PAL, which commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits require as a target substrate. Consequently, direct electrochemical detection of MBP‐PAL compared to PAL by square‐wave voltammetry showed a greater than 50% increase in sensitivity with a lower detection limit of 5 pg mL<SUP>−1</SUP>. We also investigated the affinity properties by determining kinetic parameters of the PAL and the MBP‐PAL in relation to polyclonal antibodies immobilized on transferred MWCNT substrates using Michaelis–Menten assumptions and a Hanes–Woolf plot. This new method presented herein could save the time and effort for the separation and purification of PAL form MBP‐PAL fusions that are required for performing ELISA‐based immunoassay. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1471–1478. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>
사염화탄소로 급성 간손상이 유발된 흰쥐에서 혈청 및 간조직의 Transforming Growth Factor-β1의 변화와 비타민 E의 효과
이상인,이정일,이관식,김현숙,전재윤,한광협,문영명,박영년,이세준,정준표 대한간학회 2000 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.6 No.2
$quot;Background/Aims: The evaluation of the relationship between oxidative stress induced by acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and the investigation of temporal patterns of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and TGF-β1 expression which may clarify the pathogenesis of CCl4 induced liver injury and thus the mechanism of liver fibrogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate TGF-β1 expression in rats with acute CCl4 injury and effect of vitamin E (vit. E) on TGF-β1 expression. Methods: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats had a single intraperitoneal injection of CCl4, of which 30 rats had daily intraperitoneal injection of vit. E, starting from 2 days before CCl4 treatment until the time of their sacrifice. The group of rats with CCl4 injection only was designated as group 1 and the group of rats with vit. E combined treatment was designated as group 2. Five rats from each group were sacrificed before and 8, 16, 32, 48, 60 hours after CCl4 injection, heir serum ALT, serum TGF-β1, and hepatic expression of TGF-β1 were examined. Results: The serum ALT levels were highest at 32 hours after CCl4 injection in both groups, serum TGF-β1 levels did not show any statistically significant changes after CCl4 injection in both groups, and TGF-β1 expression in the livers was highest at 32 hours after CCl4 injection in both groups. In the multiple regression analysis of vit. E's effect on serum ALT levels, serum TGF-β1 levels and hepatic TGF-β1 expression, only serum ALT level (p=0.049) and hepatic TGF-β1 expression (p=0.015) showed statistically significant suppression. Conclusion: Oxidative stress seems to play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrogenesis by increasing TGF-β1 expression in early acute liver damage. and vit. E may be effective in reducing acute liver injury and hepatic fibrogenesis. (Korean J Hepatol 2000;6:147-155)$quot;
Lee, Jung Min,Kim, Hyung Joon,Park, Jun Yong,Lee, Chun Kyon,Kim, Do Young,Kim, Ja Kyung,Lee, Hyun Woong,Paik, Yong Han,Lee, Kwan Sik,Han, Kwang-Hyub,Chon, Chae Yoon,Hong, Sun Pyo,Nguyen, Tin,Ahn, Sang International Medical Press 2009 ANTIVIRAL THERAPY Vol.14 No.5
<P>BACKGROUND: The efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) or entecavir (ETV) rescue monotherapy has not been directly compared in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients with lamivudine (3TC)-resistant chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We compared the efficacy of ADV and ETV rescue monotherapy in HBeAg-positive patients with confirmed genotypic 3TC resistance. METHODS: A total of 160 HBeAg-positive patients with confirmed 3TC resistance underwent switch therapy (91 ADV and 59 ETV). Parameters assessed included alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization, HBeAg seroconversion, undetectable serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA by PCR (lower detection limit <300 copies/ml), virological breakthrough and initial virological response (IVR) at 3 (IVR-3) and 6 (IVR-6) months. RESULTS: Following 52 weeks of treatment in the ADV and ETV groups, serum HBV DNA became undetectable in 25 (27.5%) and 21 (35.6%; P=0.292) patients, ALT normalization occurred in 67/78 (85.9%) and 43/47 (91.5%; P=0.351), HBeAg seroconversion in 4 (4.4%) and 1 (1.7%; P=1.000), IVR-3 in 19 (20.9%) and 18 (30.5%), IVR-6 in 40 (44.0%) and 25 (42.4%) and virological breakthrough in 2 (2.2%) and 1 (1.7%; P=1.000) patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: ADV and ETV revealed comparable efficacy after 52 weeks of treatment in HBeAg-positive patients with 3TC resistance. Undetectable HBV DNA in serum following 52 weeks of treatment was predictable with IVR-3 and IVR-6 in both groups.</P>