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권순범,안효원,강준구,손병용 대한상하수도학회 2004 상하수도학회지 Vol.18 No.2
DAF process has been designed considering raw water quality characteristics in Korea. Although direct filtration is usually operated, DAF is operated when the freshwater blooms occur or raw water turbidity become high. Pre-sedimentation is prepared in case when raw water turbidity is very high by rainstorms. A main feature of this plant is that the operation mode can be changed (controlled) based on the characteristics of raw water to optimize the effluent quality and the operation costs. Treatment capacity (surface loading rate) and efficiency of DAF was found to be better than conventional sedimentation process. Moreover, lowdensity particles (algae and alum flocs) are easily separated while it is difficult to remove in sedimentation. One of the main concerns in adoption of DAF (Dissolved-Air-Rotation) process is a high raw water turbidity problem. That is, DAF is not adequate for raw water, which is more turbid than 100MU. In order to avoid this problem, pre-sedimentation basins are prepared in OAF plant to decrease the turbidity of DAF influent. For simulation of the actual operation, bench and full-scale tests were performed for highly turbid water conditions. Consequently, DAF process coupled with sedimentation is suggested that pre-sedimentation with optimum coagulation prior to DAF would be appropriate.
소아 심장 CT 검사시 Dual Source CT의 High pitch mode를 이용한 선량감소에 관한 연구
이예나(Ya Na Lee),강헌효(Heon Hyo Kang),손성실(Sung Sil Son),박찬혁(Chan Hyuk Park),현진경(Jin Kyung Hyun),신명호(Myung Ho Shin),김준혁(Jun Hyuk Kim),강동원(Dong Won Kang) 대한CT영상기술학회 2012 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.14 No.1
I. Purpose This study examines if accurate images can be realized with less dose than sequential mode, one of the existing methods applying DSCT’s high-pitch mode in pediatric cardiography. II. Materials and Methods For 20 patients who came to our hospital from Jan. 1 to Jun. 30, 2011, a test was carried out using MDCT 128 channel dual source; Somatom Definition Flash (Siemens Medical System: Germany). As the test method, the veins of the lower limbs of the patients were secured and contrast medium of 7ml was injected at 0.3ml/s anda CT scan was carried out about 36 s. later. Af first, sequential mode was used, and then high-pitch mode was followed as follow-up examination. The DLP (Dose Length Product) provided by the equipment and effective dose were compared for the assessment of the dose exposed to the patients, after the CT scan. The effective does was calculated by multiplying children’s chest index: 0.021 of the effective dose rate of EUR16262 (European Guide) to DLP value. The images scaned in high-pitch method were compared and assessed quantitatively by a heart decoding specialist and 2 radiologists if the typical diseases of pediatric cardiacs such as coarctation of aorta, atresia of the pulmonary artery and Tetralogy of Fallot can be assessed. III. Results When it was compared to sequential mode, one of the existing cardiography, the effective dose exposed to the patient had decrease by 32% in high-pitch mode. As a result of a comparison with imaging assessment, it was also evaluated as a better imaging than sequential mode IV. Conclusion Pediatric Cardiography using high pitch in Dual source MDCT showed superior effects on the reduction of exposed does than sequential mode, which is considered a useful testing method. 목적 본 연구에서는 소아 심장 검사 시 DSCT의 High-pitch mode를 적용하여 기존의 검사방법 중 하나인 Sequential mode보다 적은 선량으로도 정확한 영상을 구현할 수 있는지 알아본다. 대상 및 방법 2011년 1월 1일부터 6월 30일까지 본원에 내원한 20명의 환자를 대상으로 하여 MDCT 128 channel dual source; Somatom Definition Flash(Siemens medical system: Germany) 장비를 사용하여 검사를 시행하였다. 검사방법은 환자의 하지에 정맥을 확보하고 조영제를 0.3 ml/s로 7ml를 주입한 후 36초 후에 CT검사를 하였다. 처음에는 Sequential mode로 검사한 후 추적 검사할 땐 High-pitch mode로 검사한다. 환자가 받은 피폭선량의 평가는 선량평가는 CT검사 후 장비에서 제공하는 DLP(dose length product)와 유효선량(effective dose)를 비교하였다. 유효선량은 DLP 값에 EUR16262(European Guide) 유효선량비 중 소아 흉부 지수 0,021을 곱하여 계산하였다. 검사한 영상을 심장 판독 전문의 1명과 방사선사 2명이 high-pitch mode로 검사한 영상을 소와 심장의 대표적 질환인 대동맥협착증, 폐동맥 폐쇄증, 팔로씨 사증을 평가할 수 있는지 비교하여 정성적으로 평가하였다. 결과 기존의 심장 검사방법 중 하나인 Sequential mode와 비교했을 때 High pitch mode로 검사했을 때에 32%의 선량 감소 효과가 있었다. 또한 영상 평가 비교 결과 Sequential mode 보다 좋은 영상으로 평가되었다. 결론 Dual source MDCT로 소아심장 검사를 할 때 high pitch mode를 이용하면 sequential mode로 검사했을 때보다 환아가 받는 피폭선량은 낮고 더 우수한 영상을 획득하여 심장질환을 진단하는데 유용한 검사법으로 사료된다.
손주효,최형준,손흥규 대한소아치과학회 2000 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.27 No.2
파절의 종류는 치관파절, 동시에 나타난 치관-치근파절이 있고 치수노출에 따라 단순파절과 복잡파절로 나뉜다. 치아파절이 치은 연하로 침범하여 치아장축을 따라 나타난 경우나 치근의 1/3이상을 넘어선 경우 발치가 원칙이다. 그러나 치근쪽 파절편을 교정적으로 정출시켜서 수복시켜 주는 방법과 인위적으로 발치하여 적절하게 수복 가능한 위치로 재식시켜주는 방법을 선택적으로 이용할 수 있다. 본 증례에선 치아외상으로 상악 중절치가 치관-치근 파절된 혼합치열기의 환아에서 의도적 재식술을 이용하여 발치 후 즉일 근관치료와 역충전 후 레진수복을 시행하여 치료하였기에 보고하는 바이다. 주요어 : 의도적 재식술, 치관-치근 파절, 치은 연하 침범
Analysis of Growth, Morphology, and Photosynthetic Activity of Kale according to Far-Red Fraction
Jun Hyeun Kang,Hyo In Yoon,Jaewoo Kim,Hongmin Kim,Jung Eek Son 한국원예학회 2021 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2021 No.10
Far-red (700–800 nm, FR) radiation has recently been used to regulate phytochrome-mediated morphological responses in vertical farms. However, the physiological response of plants to the light intensity of FR were not fully understood. The objectives of this study were to quantitatively analyze the growth, photosynthetic responses, and light interception of kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) depending on FR fraction. The plants were grown at a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 240 mmol m<SUP>-2</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP> under red and white LEDs with FR LED (peak at 730 nm) for 16 h. The FR fractions determined as FR/R + FR were: FR0.07 (Control), FR0.28, FR0.60, and FR0.72. For evaluating the morphological and physiological responses in each FR fraction, the growth, leaf optical properties, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and gas exchange parameters were measured. Light interception was quantitatively analyzed by using 3D scanned kale models with physiological changes and ray-tracing simulations. Morphological parameters, such as leaf area and total petiole length, and dry weight of shoot and root, were increased with increasing FR fraction. Despite the decreases in relative absorption and chlorophyll content of leaves, light interception in FR treatment was increased. Increasing the FR fraction decreased the effective quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)], parameter of JIP-test related to quantum yield and efficiency for electron transport in PSII (φEo, ψEo), and photosystem performance indexes (PIabs, PItotal). Except for low PPFD, the photosynthetic light response curve showed no significant difference, but the photosynthetic rate increased according to the FR fraction. In conclusion, the increase in FR fraction not only significantly changed the growth and morphology except for photosynthetic efficiency, but also increased the photosynthetic rate.