Acute and Sub-chronic Oral Toxicity Study of Ammonium Persulfate in Spraque-Dawley Rats

Kim, Yong-Soon,Baek, Min-Won,Sung, Jae-Hyuck,Ryu, Hyun-Youl,Kim, Jin-Sik,Cho, Hyun-Sun,Choi, Byung-Gil,Song, Min-Sub,Song, Moon-Yong,Baik, Eun-Ju,Choi, Young-Kuk,Kim, Jong-Kyu,Yu, Il-Je,Song, Kyung-Se Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2009 Toxicological Research Vol.26 No.3

The toxicity test of ammonium persulfate was conducted to ensure of its potential toxic effects according to the single-dose acute oral toxicity study (OECD Guideline 423) and 90-day repeated dose sub-chronic oral toxicity study guideline (OECD Guideline 408) for establishing national chemical management system, and matching in the Globally Harmonized Classification System (GHS) category. In acute oral toxicity study, pasty stool, perineal contamination and temporary body weight decrease were observed after dosing 1st and 2nd challenge (300 mg/kg body weight). All test animals were dead within 6 hours after dosing at 3rd challenge (2000 mg/kg body weight). Therefore, the GHS class of test substance is considered class 4. In sub-chronic toxicity study, body weight changes, food consumptions, hematological, biochemical and pathological examination did not show any noticeable and significant differences between the administered (5, 20, 80 mg/kg body weight) and control (vehicle only) group animals. Based on these results, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is considered above 80 mg/kg body weight.

性別 및 年齡에 따른 體格과 體力의 特性과 變化에 關한 縱斷的 硏究Ⅱ : Emphasised on College Men of Department of Physical Education 體育專功 大學生을 中心으로

金尙國,姜東洹,張周鎬,金昇一,徐再均,金耕知,孫斗玉,鮮于攝,崔榮烈,尹宇相,金亨燉,方永鎭,朴英震,柳在忠 慶熙大學校 體育科學大學 1989 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.2

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics, change in physique and physical function of college students majoring physical education and Taekwondo (454 males and 64 females of age groups ranging from 18 to 26). The results are as following: 1. The male group of 23yrs old in physical education showed highest values in 7 items(Weight, Chest Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth, Scapular Skinfold Thickness and Suprailiac Skinfold Thickness). 2. In the Physical function, the male group of 18yrs old showed highest values in Power, Flexibility, and then 21yrs old at Back Strength, Vital Capacity, and 23yrs old at Grip Strength, and 25yrs old at Blood Pressure, respectively. 3. In the physique, the male group of 22yrs old showed highest values in Weight, Chest Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth, and then 24yrs old Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, and 19yrs old at Height, Upper Limb Length, respectively. 4. In Physical Function, the 22yrs old showed highest values in Back Strength, Vital Capacity, and then 23yrs old at Side Step, Trunk Extension, but 18yrs old showed lower Values in Grip Strength, Side Step, Vital Capacity and Blood Pressure. 5. The female group of 22yrs old showed highest values in 8 items(Height, Sitting Height, Waist Girth, Upper Limb Length, Lower Limb Length, Skinfold Thickness), and then 18yrs old at 5 items (Weight, Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth), respectively. 6. In the physical function, the 22yrs old showed highest Values in Grip strength, Back Strength, Power, 5 Minute Run, and 18yrs old at flexibility, Harvard Step Test, respectively. 7. In the change of the physique for two years(1988-1989) in the male group, majoring Physical education the 22yrs old showed increase in 4 items, and the 20yrs old in 3 items, but 18yrs old showed decrease in 3 items. 8. In the change of the physical function for two years in the male group, the 20yrs old showed increase in 4 items, and the 21, 25, 26yrs old in 3 items, but the 19yrs old showed decrease in 6 items, and 18, 22 yrs old in 5 items, respectively. 9. The change of the physique for two years in all female group, of 18, 19, 20, 21yrs old showed increase in 11 items except Skinfold Thickness. 10. In the change of physical function for two years in female group, the 18yrs old showed increase in 3 items, and then 20yrs old in 5 items, but 19, 22yrs old decreased 12 items, respectively. 11. The highest significant difference in physique between male and female was found in weight(mean Value 17.5%), and the lowest difference was found Thigh Girth, Calf Girth(1,3%), Upper Limb Length, Lower Limb Length(2.5%). 12. The Highest difference in physical function was Strength (mean Value 40%), Vital Capacity (33%), Power(22%), but Lower Trunk Flexion, Foot Balance(3.4%). 13. In the difference of Physique and physical function between physical education major and taekwondo major, the physical education showed higher values in skinfold Thickines (mean Value 16.5%), Weight, Waist Girth(4.7%) and Strength(33%), Endurance(5.6%), but subjects majoring Taekwondo showed higher values in Flexibility and Foot Balance. 14. In all male groups, Waist Girth, Scapular Skinfold Thickness, Back Strength, Sargent Jump, Trunk Extension and Diastolic Blood Pressure were showed a significantly related at 0.001 level.

Acute and Sub-chronic Oral Toxicity Study of Ammonium Persulfate in Spraque-Dawley Rats

Yong Soon Kim,Min Won Baek,Jae Hyuck Sung,Hyun Youl Ryu,Jin Sik Kim,Hyun Sun Cho,Byung Gil Choi,Min Sub Song,Moon Yong Song,Eun Ju Baik,Young Kuk Choi,Jong Kyu Kim,Il Je Yu,Kyung Seuk Song 한국독성학회 2009 Toxicological Research Vol.25 No.3

The toxicity test of ammonium persulfate was conducted to ensure of its potential toxic effects according to the single-dose acute oral toxicity study (OECD Guideline 423) and 90-day repeated dose sub-chronic oral toxicity study guideline (OECD Guideline 408) for establishing national chemical management system, and matching in the Globally Harmonized Classification System (GHS) category. In acute oral toxicity study, pasty stool, perineal contamination and temporary body weight decrease were observed after dosing 1st and 2nd challenge (300 ㎎/㎏ body weight). All test animals were dead within 6 hours after dosing at 3rd challenge (2000 ㎎/㎏ body weight). Therefore, the GHS class of test substance is considered class 4. In sub-chronic toxicity study, body weight changes, food consumptions, hematological, biochemical and pathological examination did not show any noticeable and significant differences between the administered (5, 20, 80 ㎎/㎏ body weight) and control (vehicle only) group animals. Based on these results, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is considered above 80 mg/kg body weight.

경력관리 지원인식, 조직몰입 및 고객지향성간의 구조적 관계

김민주 ( Min Ju Kim ),이재섭 ( Je Sub Lee ) 관광경영학회 2015 관광경영연구 Vol.65 No.-

This study targets the domestic airline cabin crew engaged in career management support awareness, organizational commitment, and was to verify the influence the relationship between customer orientations. The results found from the empirical analysis can be summarized as follows: perceived career management support of the airline crew looks a positive effect both on the organizational commitment will affect the hypothesis testing results, and career management support recognition of the sub-factors in firm support of the awareness and education and training development opportunities recognition to be analyzed. The impact of airline cabin crew awareness of career management support and analysis of the influence of relationship between customer orientations, career management support firm recognized the support of the sub-factors of awareness education and training development opportunities to recognize both positive customer orientation effects was found. Career development system for the organization is to help, not just confined to the work of an individual, team training or human resources and the organization. To plan, execute together and led the successful organization continue to be recognized as a problem solving through analysis results because the airline could be considered in this aspect will be operating system and support for career development.

안구적출에 따른 위둔덕의 Calbindin D-28k과 c-fos의 변화에 관한 연구

김명,김기훈,김주영,하현철,안명수,김장민,조향훈,정명섭,장인엽 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.2

Changes of Calbindin D-28k- and c-fos-immunoreactivities in the superior collicuclus after Eye Enucleation. Objective and methods: Calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) play an important role in the protection, differentiation and reorganization of the central nervous system. The effects of neonatal retinal deafferentation on a CBPs, calbindin D-28k were examined immunohistochemically in the superficial layer of the rat superior colliculus. Also early gene familly c-fos was examined to evaluate the neuronal characteristics in the superior colliculus after monocular enucleation. Results: On the experimental side of superior colliculus, the number of calbindin D-28k-immunoreactive (IR) cells was reduced (77.4% compared to control), but not fibers. Appearance of c-fos-like immunoreactivity was represented much more in the ipsilateral superior colliculus than contralateral side within 24h after eye enucleation. Conclusion: These results suggest that the changes of retinotectal projection may alter the expressional pattern of calbindin D-28k and c-fos expression.

Synthesis and Anion Recognition Features of a Molecular Cage Containing Both Hydrogen Bond Donors and Acceptors

Oh, Ju Hyun,Kim, Jeong Hyeon,Kim, Dong Sub,Han, Hye Jin,Lynch, Vincent M.,Sessler, Jonathan L.,Kim, Sung Kuk American Chemical Society 2019 Organic letters Vol.21 No.11

<P>A molecular cage, macrobicycle <B>2</B>, containing amide and pyrrole groups as hydrogen-bonding donors and imine groups as hydrogen-bonding acceptors has been synthesized. Compound <B>2</B> was found to recognize tetrahedral oxyanions with high affinities, such as H<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>, HSO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>, SO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>2-</SUP>, and HP<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB><SUP>3-</SUP>, as well as the spherical halide anions, in chloroform. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that compound <B>2</B> formed a 1:1 complex with H<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> in the solid state.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Role of Additives on the Performance of CsPbI₃ Solar Cells

Heo, Do Yeon,Han, Sang Mok,Woo, Nam Sub,Kim, Young Ju,Kim, Tae-Yoon,Luo, Zhengtang,Kim, Soo Young American Chemical Society 2018 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.122 No.28

<P>The role of additives in the performance of CsPbI<SUB>3</SUB> perovskite solar cells (PSCs) was investigated. Different kinds of cations and anions were used as additives in a <I>N,N</I>-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution containing CsI and PbI<SUB>2</SUB> (1:1 molar ratio). These include HI, HBr, HCl, NH<SUB>4</SUB>I, NH<SUB>4</SUB>Br, and NH<SUB>4</SUB>Cl. Additive cations (H<SUP>+</SUP> and NH<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>) as well as halide ions (I<SUP>-</SUP>, Br<SUP>-</SUP>, and Cl<SUP>-</SUP>) are important for the properties of PSCs. Especially, the addition of iodine ion showed good characteristics compared to Br<SUP>-</SUP> and Cl<SUP>-</SUP>. Among the CsPbI<SUB>3</SUB> layers prepared with different kinds of additives and annealed at different temperatures, the X-ray diffraction peaks of CsPbI<SUB>3</SUB> were clearly found at 14° and 28° for the sample annealed at 150 °C with 50 μL of HI, suggesting the formation of a cubic structure at the low temperature of 150 °C. The field emission scanning electron microscopy images indicate that the surface of the perovskite layer with hydrogen halide additive (“H<SUP>+”</SUP>-based additive) is more uniform than that with ammonium additive. The roughness profiles determined by atomic force microscopy indicate that the CsPbI<SUB>3</SUB> film with HI additive shows the least roughness among the samples with H<SUP>+</SUP>-based additives. Therefore, the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.72% is obtained for CsPbI<SUB>3</SUB> PSCs annealed at 150 °C with HI (50 μL). The H<SUP>+</SUP>-based additives seem to react with PbI<SUB>2</SUB> in DMF solution, increasing the solubility of PbI<SUB>2</SUB> and thus lowering the processing temperature. Furthermore, the PCE of CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbI<SUB>3-<I>x</I></SUB>Cl<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> PSCs decreased from 7.45 to 0.23%, whereas that of CsPbI<SUB>3</SUB> PSCs with 50 μL of HI only decreased from 3.55 to 2.78% after exposing the samples to air for 3 h. These results indicate that H<SUP>+</SUP>-based additives, especially HI, have more impact on the CsPbI<SUB>3</SUB> PSCs in terms of lowering the processing temperature and improving the performance.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

<i>Chryseobacterium gwangjuense</i> sp. nov., isolated from soil

Park, Yong Jin,Son, Heung-Min,Lee, Eun-Hee,Kim, Ju Han,Mavlonov, Gafurjon T.,Choi, Ki Ju,Shin, Hun-Sub,Kook, MooChang,Yi, Tae-Hoo International Union of Microbiological Societies 2013 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.63 No.12

<P>A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, THG-A18<SUP>T</SUP>, was isolated from soil of Gwangju province in South Korea. Strain THG-A18<SUP>T</SUP> grew optimally at 25–30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the absence of NaCl. Strain THG-A18<SUP>T</SUP> displayed β-glucosidase activity, which enabled it to convert ginsenoside Rb<SUB>1</SUB> to Rd. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain THG-A18<SUP>T</SUP> was shown to belong to the genus <I>Chryseobacterium</I>. The closest phylogenetic neighbours were <I>Chryseobacterium ginsenosidimutans</I> THG 15<SUP>T</SUP> (97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similariity), <I>C. defluvii</I> B2<SUP>T</SUP> (97.7 %), <I>C. daeguense</I> K105<SUP>T</SUP> (97.6 %), <I>C. taiwanense</I> BCRC 17412<SUP>T</SUP> (97.5 %), <I>C. indoltheticum</I> LMG 4025<SUP>T</SUP> (97.4 %), <I>C. gregarium</I> P 461/12<SUP>T</SUP> (97.4 %) and <I>C. lathyri</I> RBA2-6<SUP>T</SUP> (97.3 %), but DNA–DNA relatedness values between these strains and strain THG-A18<SUP>T</SUP> were below 41.9 %. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.4 mol%. The major respiratory quinone (MK-6) and fatty acids [iso-C<SUB>15 : 0</SUB>, iso-C<SUB>17 : 0</SUB> 3-OH, summed feature 3 (comprising C<SUB>16 : 1</SUB>ω7<I>c</I> and/or C<SUB>16 : 1</SUB>ω6<I>c</I>) and summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C<SUB>17 : 1</SUB>ω9<I>c</I> and/or 10-methyl C<SUB>16 : 0</SUB>)] supported the affiliation of strain THG-A18<SUP>T</SUP> with the genus <I>Chryseobacterium</I>. The polar lipids of strain THG-A18<SUP>T</SUP> were phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified aminolipids and seven unidentified lipids. A number of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain THG-A18<SUP>T</SUP> from recognized species of the genus <I>Chryseobacterium</I>. The name <I>Chryseobacterium gwangjuense</I> sp. nov. is proposed, with THG-A18<SUP>T</SUP> ( = KACC 16227<SUP>T</SUP> = LMG 26579<SUP>T</SUP>) as the type strain.</P>

Downsizing gas sensors based on semiconducting metal oxide: Effects of electrodes on gas sensing properties

Song, Young Geun,Shim, Young-Seok,Kim, Sangtae,Han, Soo Deok,Moon, Hi Gyu,Noh, Myoung Sub,Lee, Kwangjae,Lee, Hae Ryong,Kim, Jin-Sang,Ju, Byeong-Kwon,Kang, Chong-Yun Elsevier Sequoia 2017 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.248 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report the highly sensitive and selective downsized gas sensors for the IoT application. Sensing areas of Pt-interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) were varied to investigate the relation between sensing materials and electrodes. In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanocolumns were deposited on the pre-patterned Pt IDEs using glancing angle deposition (GLAD). The effect of the interface resistance between electrodes and sensing materials, and the intergrain resistance between nanocolumns is analyzed by linear regression at different sensing area and incident angle of GLAD. In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (angle: 85°, sensing area: 0.3mm×0.3mm) nanocolumns with double Schottky barriers show the highest response and selectivity with fast response time of 10s to VOCs among the samples fabricated in this study. The analysis reveals that the intrinsic response of In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (angle: 85°, sensing area: 0.3mm×0.3mm) nanocolumns are dominantly affected by intergrain resistance, resulting in a high response. Our demonstration for the fundamental aspect of downsizing gas sensor makes an important contribution to the chemical sensor field with broad interest.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The sensing areas are varied to investigate the relation between sensing materials and electrodes. </LI> <LI> The effect of the interface resistance and the intergrain resistance are analyzed by linear regression. </LI> <LI> The performance of the downsizing gas sensor is greatly influenced by the interface resistance. </LI> </UL> </P>

Bioelectrocatalytic detection of glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1c) based on the competitive binding of target and signaling glycoproteins to a boronate-modified surface

Song, Seung Yeon,Han, Yong Duk,Park, Yoo Min,Jeong, Chi Yong,Yang, Yong Ju,Kim, Moo Sub,Ku, Yunhee,Yoon, Hyun C. Elsevier 2012 Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol.35 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We developed an electrochemical glycated hemoglobin (HbA<SUB>1c</SUB>) biosensor for diagnosing diabetes in whole human blood based on the competitive binding reaction of glycated proteins. Until now, no studies have reported a simple and accurate electrochemical biosensor for the quantification of HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> in whole blood. This is because it is very difficult to correctly distinguish HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> from large amounts of hemoglobin and other components in whole blood. To detect glycated hemoglobin, we used electrodes modified with boronic acid, which forms a covalent bond between its diol group and the cis–diol group of the carbohydrate moiety of glycated proteins. For accurate HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> biosensing, we first removed blood components (except for hemoglobin) such as glycated proteins and blood glucose as they interfere with the boronate-based HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> competition analysis by reacting with the boronate-modified surface via a cis–diol interaction. After hemoglobin separation, target HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> and GOx at a predetermined concentration were reacted through a competition onto the boronate-modified electrode, allowing HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> to be detected linearly within a range of 4.5–15% of the separated hemoglobin sample (HbA<SUB>1c</SUB>/total hemoglobin). This range covers the required clinical reference range of diabetes mellitus. Hence, the proposed method can be used for measuring %HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> in whole human blood, and can also be applied to measuring the concentration of various glycated proteins that contain peripheral sugar groups.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P>▸ We developed an accurate electrochemical HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> biosensor in whole human blood based on the competitive binding reaction of glycated proteins. ▸ Hemoglobin was separated from other blood components using a zinc ion-mediated separation method. ▸ Target HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> and signaling GOx was bound competitively onto the boronate group-modified electrode. ▸ HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> concentrations were determined linearly within a range of 4.5–15%, covering the required clinical reference range.</P>