Projections of summertime ozone concentration over East Asia under multiple IPCC SRES emission scenarios

Lee, Jae-Bum,Cha, Jun-Seok,Hong, Sung-Chul,Choi, Jin-Young,Myoung, Ji-Su,Park, Rokjin J.,Woo, Jung-Hun,Ho, Changhoi,Han, Jin-Seok,Song, Chang-Keun Elsevier 2015 Atmospheric environment Vol.106 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have developed the Integrated Climate and Air Quality Modeling System (ICAMS) through the one-way nesting of global–regional models to examine the changes in the surface ozone concentrations over East Asia under future climate scenarios. Model simulations have been conducted for the present period of 1996–2005 to evaluate the performance of ICAMS. The simulated surface ozone concentrations reproduced the observed monthly mean concentrations at sites in East Asia with high R<SUP>2</SUP> values (0.4–0.9), indicating a successful simulation to capture both spatial and temporal variability. We then performed several model simulations with the six IPCC SRES scenarios (A2, A1B, A1FI, A1T, B1, and B2) for the next three periods, 2016–2025 (the 2020s), 2046–2055 (the 2050s), and 2091–2100 (the 2090s). The model results show that the projected changes of the annual daily mean maximum eight-hour (DM8H) surface ozone concentrations in summertime for East Asia are in the range of 2–8 ppb, −3 to 8 ppb, and −7 to 9 ppb for the 2020s, the 2050s, and the 2090s, respectively, and are primarily determined based on the emission changes of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NMVOC. The maximum increases in the annual DM8H surface ozone and high-ozone events occur in the 2020s for all scenarios except for A2, implying that the air quality over East Asia is likely to get worse in the near future period (the 2020s) than in the far future periods (the 2050s and the 2090s). The changes in the future environment based on IPCC SRES scenarios would also influence the change in the occurrences of high-concentrations events more greatly than that of the annual DM8H surface ozone concentrations. Sensitivity simulations show that the emissions increase is the key factor in determining future regional surface ozone concentrations in the case of a developing country, China, whereas a developed country, Japan would be influenced more greatly by effects of the regional climate change than the increase in emissions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Change in ozone level is determined by the combination of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NMVOC emissions. </LI> <LI> Ozone level over East Asia would get worse in the near future (the 2020s) than far future. </LI> <LI> A high-concentration event generally increases and more frequently occurs in the future. </LI> <LI> Change in ozone air quality in a developing country depends more on emissions change. </LI> <LI> Change in ozone air quality in a developed country depends more on climate change. </LI> </UL> </P>

Diagnostic Significance of Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Microvascular Decompression of Patients with Hemifacial Spasm or Trigeminal Neuralgia

Park, Sang-Koo,Lim, Sung-Hyuk,Park, Chan-Woo,Park, Jin-Woo,Chang, Sung-Ho,Park, Keun-Hye,Park, Hae-Ja,Song, Ji-Hye,Uhm, Dong-Ok,Kim, Ki-Bong 대한임상검사과학회 2011 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.43 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyse brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) wave change data during microvascular decompression (MVD). The nerve function of Cranial Nerve VIII is at risk during MVD. Intraoperative monitoring of BAEP can be a useful tool to decrease the danger of hearing loss. Between January and December 2009, 242 patients had MVD for hemifacial spasm (HFS) and trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Among intraoperative BAEP changes, amplitude of V-V' was the most frequently observed during cerebellar retraction and decompression step of the MVD procedure. 138 patients (57%) had no BAEP change while 104 patients (42.98%) had BAEP change. 69 patients (28.5%) had Type A-I, 16 patients (6.6%) had Type A-II, 5 patients (2.1%) had Type B, and 13 patients (5.37%) had Type C. MVD is a surgical procedure to relieve the symptoms (e.g. pain, muscle twitching) caused by compression of a nerve by an artery or vein. During BAEP intraoperative monitoring, the surgical step is important in interpreting the changes of wave V. Several potential mechanisms of injury may affect the cochlear nerve, and complete loss of BAEP is often associated with postoperative hearing loss. Intraoperative BAEP monitoring may provide an early warning of hearing disturbance after MVD.

Diagnostic Significance of Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Microvascular Decompression of Patients with Hemifacial Spasm or Trigeminal Neuralgia

( Sang-koo Park ),( Sung-hyuk Lim ),( Chan-woo Park ),( Jin-woo Park ),( Sung-ho Chang ),( Keun-hye Park ),( Hae-ja Park ),( Ji-hye Song ),( Dong-ok Uhm ),( Ki-bong Kim ) 대한임상검사과학회 2011 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.43 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyse brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) wave change data during microvascular decompression (MVD). The nerve function of Cranial Nerve VIII is at risk during MVD. Intraoperative monitoring of BAEP can be a useful tool to decrease the danger of hearing loss. Between January and December 2009, 242 patients had MVD for hemifacial spasm (HFS) and trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Among intraoperative BAEP changes, amplitude of V-V’ was the most frequently observed during cerebellar retraction and decompression step of the MVD procedure. 138 patients (57%) had no BAEP change while 104 patients (42.98%) had BAEP change. 69 patients (28.5%) had Type A-I, 16 patients (6.6%) had Type A-II, 5 patients (2.1%) had Type B, and 13 patients (5.37%) had Type C. MVD is a surgical procedure to relieve the symptoms (e.g. pain, muscle twitching) caused by compression of a nerve by an artery or vein. During BAEP intraoperative monitoring, the surgical step is important in interpreting the changes of wave V. Several potential mechanisms of injury may affect the cochlear nerve, and complete loss of BAEP is often associated with postoperative hearing loss. Intraoperative BAEP monitoring may provide an early warning of hearing disturbance after MVD.

가감청영탕(加減淸營湯)에 효과를 보인 열성 아토피 피부염 환자 6례 증례 보고

서지혜,정창환,박선정,임소영,한수련,Seo, Ji-Hye,Jung, Chang?Hwan,Park, Seon-Jeong,Lim, So-Young,Han, Su-Ryun 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2014 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Gagamchengyoung-tang($Ji\bar{a}ji\check{a}nq\bar{i}ngy\acute{i}ng-t\bar{a}ng$) for atopic dermatitis patients diagnosed as the febrile tendency. Method : This case study was done on 6 atopic patients with febrile tendency who have visited Korean Medicine Clinic from 2013.08.01. to 2014.04.30.. Gagamchengyoung-tang($Ji\bar{a}ji\check{a}nq\bar{i}ngy\acute{i}ng-t\bar{a}ng$) was prescribed to all 6 patients and evaluated the symptom change through photographs and questionnaire. Objective SCORAD Index(OSI) was used to evaluate the objective symptom and VAS was used to evaluate the subjective change. Results & Conclusion : The Objective SCORAD index and VAS were decreased in all patients. The average OSI reduction score was 26.3. Most symptoms of 6 patients were improved. Gagamchengyoung-tang ($Ji\bar{a}ji\check{a}nq\bar{i}ngy\acute{i}ng-t\bar{a}ng$) can be effective in patients who were diagnosed as febrile tendency.

Production and Characterization of Enzymes Involved in Chitin Catabolic Cascade from a Bacterial Strain Isolated from Soil

( Ji Hyun Lee ),( Jeong In Lee ),( So Yeon Park ),( Yoo Kyeong Jang ),( You Bin Lim ),( Hye Yoon Lee ),( Young Min Jung ),( Hae Chang Lee ),( Jong Hwa Lee ),( Shaheen Amna ),( Jae Kweon Park ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2019 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The present study was aimed to isolate the bacteria producing chitinolytic enzymes including chitin deacetylase (CDA) from soil origin. About 24 bacteria were screened for their chitinolytic enzymes producing ability on the basis of colloidal chitin. Amongst one of the most potent isolates designated to JI-02 was further selected as the most prominent chitinolytic and CDAlike enzyme (CDA-X) producer based on the ability of deacetylation of an artificial substrate pNP-acetamilide. The maximum production of CDA-X in crude enzyme from JI-02 was observed in the presence of 1% colloidal chitin at 37°C and pH 6.4 after 120 h of incubation. Potent enzyme activity of CDA-X was determined toward pNP-acetamilide, demonstrating that optimal pH, temperature and ionic strength of the CDA-X were assessed to be 7.0, 52°C and 125 mM, respectively. Unexpectedly, Nacetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) was not fully converted by the action of CDA-X to glucosamine (GlcN) under the established conditions. Further study on enzyme activity toward chitin-oligosaccharides consisting of multi-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)n, n=2-5 may be necessary to elucidate the mode of action which requires the minimum size of (GlcNAc)n. However, our data suggest that CDA-X can convert chitin to chitosan with the maximum yield of approximately 0.08g/L during the fermentation of the strain in the presence of chitin. Furthermore, we found that crude enzyme showed the significant chitosanolytic activity. Taken together, our data suggest that the strain JI-02 may be a potential candidate as a particular strain for better understating of chitin catabolic pathway.

Interpenetration Control, Sorption Behavior, and Framework Flexibility in Zn(II) Metal–Organic Frameworks

Park, Ji Hye,Lee, Woo Ram,Kim, Yeonga,Lee, Hye Jin,Ryu, Dae Won,Phang, Won Ju,Hong, Chang Seop The American Chemical Society 2014 CRYSTAL GROWTH AND DESIGN Vol.14 No.2

<P>Three Zn(II) frameworks [Zn(H<SUB>2</SUB>L)(bdc)]·1.4DEF·0.6H<SUB>2</SUB>O (<B>1</B>; H<SUB>2</SUB>L = 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-4-yl)benzene, H<SUB>2</SUB>bdc = terephthalic acid), [Zn(H<SUB>2</SUB>L)(bdc)]·1.5DMF·1.2H<SUB>2</SUB>O (<B>2</B>), and [Zn(H<SUB>2</SUB>L)(L)<SUB>0.5</SUB>(bdc)<SUB>0.5</SUB>]·formamide·H<SUB>2</SUB>O (<B>3</B>) were prepared under the solvothermal conditions in DEF/H<SUB>2</SUB>O, DMF/H<SUB>2</SUB>O, and formamide/H<SUB>2</SUB>O solvent pairs, respectively. All compounds are commonly based on the adamantanoid three-dimensional networks that are mutually entangled to form a 3-fold (<B>1</B>) to 4-fold (<B>2</B>) to 5-fold interpenetrating <B>dia</B> structure (<B>3</B>). The solvent pairs used in the reactions are primarily responsible for the variation of such interpenetration degree. It is noted that the reaction time, temperature, and reactant ratio applied in the present system (<B>2</B>) did not lead to the interpenetration change. The activated sample (<B>1a</B>) shows the gas uptake of N<SUB>2</SUB>, H<SUB>2</SUB>, and CO<SUB>2</SUB>, characteristic of permanent porosity in the flexible framework, while the gases of N<SUB>2</SUB> and H<SUB>2</SUB> are not adsorbed on <B>2</B> and <B>3</B>. The porous compound (<B>1</B>) also exhibits the reversible inclusion and release of I<SUB>2</SUB> in MeOH. Interestingly, <B>2</B> reveals the reversible structural transformation during the activation–resolvation process where the solid can be activated through two routes (solvent exchange/desolvation and direct desolvation). However, there is no appreciable structural flexibility upon solvent exchange in <B>3</B> with 5-fold interpenetration, indicating that this framework is more robust, compared to <B>1</B> and <B>2</B> with lower interpenetration degrees.</P><P>Three Zn(II) frameworks were prepared, exhibiting 3- to 4- to 5-fold interpenetration upon solvent size variation from DEF to DMF to formamide, respectively. Gas and I<SUB>2</SUB> sorption takes place in the flexible 3-fold system. Solvent-exchange engenders the reversible structural transformation in the 4-fold system, while the framework is robust in the 5-fold system.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cgdefu/2014/cgdefu.2014.14.issue-2/cg401583v/production/images/medium/cg-2013-01583v_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cg401583v'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Treatment of alopecia areata with tofacitinib

( Ji Su Lee ),( Min-woo Kim ),( Hyun-sun Park ),( Jung Yoon Ohn ),( Hyun-sun Yoon ),( Chang-hun Huh ),( Ohsang Kwon ),( Soyun Cho ) 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.69 No.2

Background: Treatment of alopecia areata (AA) is often empiric and not yet satisfactory. Recently, Janus kinase inhibitor showed promising results in Caucasians. Objectives: To investigate efficacy, tolerability, and hair growth trajey of oral tofacitinib monotherapy for Korean AA patients over extended period. Methods: This is a retrospective study of adult AA patients treated with tofacitinib monotherapy for least 4 months. Results: Thirty-six Korean patients with median initial SALT score of 98.9 were included; 91.7% had refractory AA. Twenty-nine (80.6%) patients demonstrated more than 5% SALT change. Twenty patients (55.6%) achieved 50% SALT change at median 7.5 months with 5 mg twice dosage. There were significant differences between SALT 50 achievers and non-achievers: duration of current episode (ρ = 0.009), duration of disease since first onset (ρ = 0.026) and age at onset of first episode (ρ = 0.011). Tofacitinib was well tolerated and there was no any serious adverse effect such as malignancy or tuberculosis reactivation. Conclusion: Oral tofacitinib monotherapy may be effective and tolerable in patients with AA. SALT 50 achievement was associated with followings: duration of current episode, duration of disease since first onset, and age at onset of first episode.

Age-Associated Changes in the Vascular Renin-Angiotensin System in Mice

Yoon, Hye Eun,Kim, Eun Nim,Kim, Min Young,Lim, Ji Hee,Jang, In-Ae,Ban, Tae Hyun,Shin, Seok Joon,Park, Cheol Whee,Chang, Yoon Sik,Choi, Bum Soon Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity Vol.2016 No.-

<P><I>Background</I>. This study evaluated whether the change in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is associated with arterial aging in mice.<I> Methods</I>. Histologic changes and expressions of transforming growth factor-<I>β</I> (TGF-<I>β</I>), collagen IV,<I> fibronectin</I>, angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R), prorenin receptor (PRR), Mas receptor (MasR), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), NADPH oxidase 2 and oxidase 4 (Nox2 and Nox4), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG),<I> 3-nitrotyrosine</I>, and superoxide dismutase 1 and dismutase 2 (SOD1 and SOD2) were measured in the thoracic aortas from 2-month-old, 12-month-old, and 24-month-old C57/BL6 mice.<I> Results</I>. Twenty-four-month-old mice showed significantly increased aortic media thickness and expressions of TGF-<I>β</I>, collagen IV, and fibronectin, compared to 2-month-old and 12-month-old mice. The expressions of PRR, ACE, and Ang II, and AT1R-positive area significantly increased, whereas expressions of ACE2 and MasR and AT2R-positive area decreased with age. The expressions of phosphorylated serine<SUP>1177</SUP>-eNOS, SOD1, and SOD2 decreased, and the 8-OHdG-positive area and the 3-nitrotyrosine-positive area increased with age. The expression of Nox2 significantly increased with age, but that of Nox4 did not change.<I> Conclusions</I>. The enhanced PRR-ACE-Ang II-AT1R axis and reduced ACE2-MasR axis were associated with arterial aging in mice. </P>

신장 ; 혈액투석에서 투석액 칼슘농도와 칼시트리올이 골대사에 미치는 영향

염지연 ( Ji Youn Youm ),김현철 ( Hyun Chul Kim ),이영철 ( Young Chul Lee ),최종욱 ( Jong Wook Choi ),박준성 ( Joon Sung Park ),이창화 ( Chang Hwa Lee ),강종명 ( Chong Myung Kang ),김근호 ( Gheun Ho Kim ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회지 Vol.81 No.6

목적: 현재 혈액투석에 사용 중인 투석액 칼슘 농도는 1.25mmol/L, 1.5 mmol/L, 1.75 mmol/L로 구분된다. 고칼슘 투석액은 부갑상선호르몬의 분비를 억제시키는 효과가 있으나 고칼슘혈증 위험을 증가시키고, 저칼슘 투석액은 adynamic bone disease을 개선시키는 효과가 있으나 칼슘 평형을 악화시킬 우려가 있으므로 투석액 칼슘 농도의 적절한 선택은 쉽지 않다. 저자들은 표준칼슘 농도인 1.5 mmol/L 투석액을 사용하였을 때 칼시트리올 용량 변화와 아울러 요독성 골질환에 미치는 효과를 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 투석액 칼슘 농도 1.75 mmol/L로 1년 이상 혈액투석 중인 환자 36명에서 투석액 칼슘 농도를 1.5 mmol/L로 전환 후 1년간 경과를 추적하였다. 투석액 칼슘 농도를 낮추기3개월 전에 측정한 혈청 iPTH 농도에 따라 환자를 1군(iPTH< 150 pg/mL, n=21), 2군(iPTH 150-300 pg/mL, n=7), 3군(iPTH>300 pg/mL, n=8)으로 구분하여 혈청 칼슘, 인, 알칼리포스파타제, iPTH 농도를 3개월 간격으로 측정하였고, 인결합제 및 칼시트리올 용량 변화를 조사하였다. 결과: 투석액 칼슘 농도 1.75 mmol/L 사용 중 1군, 2군 및 3군의 iPTH 농도는 각각 57±48 pg/mL, 191±46 pg/mL, 589±200 pg/mL로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.001). 투석액칼슘 농도를 1.5 mmol/L로 전환 후 1군에서 혈청 iPTH가 12개월에 걸쳐 유의하게 증가하였다(p=0.01). 3개월째부터 증가가 현저하여(57±48 vs. 287±266 pg/mL, p<0.01) 이후증가세를 유지하였다. 그러나 2군에서는 유의한 변화가 없었고, 3군의 혈청 iPTH는 12개월에 걸쳐 유의하게 감소하였는데(p=0.02) 특히 9개월째 감소가 기저치에 비해 낮았다(589±200 vs. 242±246 pg/mL, p<0.01). 혈청 알칼리포스파타제도 혈청 iPTH와 유사한 변화 양상을 보였다. 투석액칼슘 농도를 1.5 mmol/L로 전환한 후 1군과 2군에서 인결합제와 칼시트리올 투여 용량의 유의한 변화는 없었으나, 3군에서 칼시트리올 용량이 6개월째부터 유의하게 증가하였고 (4.4±5.1 vs. 9.6±2.9 μg/month, p<0.05) 나머지 기간 동안증가 추세를 유지하였다. 결론: 혈액투석액 칼슘 농도를 1.75 mmol/L에서 1.5 mmol/L으로 전환한 후 적절한 인결합제와 칼시트리올 투여 용량을 조정하면서 adynamic bone disease와 이차성 부갑상선항진증환자에서 혈청 iPTH 측정치가 호전되는 경향을 보였다. 신성골형성장애가 있는 혈액투석 환자에서 투석액 칼슘 농도 1.5 mmol/L를 선택하는 것이 효과적일 수 있다. Background/Aims: Whereas higher dialysate calcium (Ca) levels may pose a risk of hypercalcemia, lower levels may induce a negative Ca balance. We evaluated the effect of lowering dialysate Ca levels from 1.75 to 1.5 mmol/L and explored the appropriate use of calcitriol to regulate bone metabolism in hemodialysis patients. Methods: The dialysate Ca levels of 36 patients were reduced from 1.75 to 1.5 mmol/L. They were divided into three groups according to basal intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level (group 1, iPTH<150 pg/mL, n=21; group 2, iPTH 150-300 pg/mL, n=7; group 3, iPTH>300 pg/mL, n=8). Data were collected at 3-month intervals for 1 year. Results: Throughout the study period, no significant difference in phosphate binders, serum Ca, phosphorus (P), or Ca × P products was observed among groups. However, iPTH, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and calcitriol dosage patterns differed among groups. In group 1, iPTH and AP increased significantly over 12 months (p=0.01). In group 2, iPTH and AP showed no significant changes. In group 3, iPTH and AP declined significantly over 12 months (p=0.02). Calcitriol dosage did not change in groups 1 and 2, but increased significantly in group 3 (p=0.001). Conclusions: After converting hemodialysate Ca levels from 1.75 to 1.5 mmol/L, the initially different iPTH concentrations converged to a modestly elevated level. The use of 1.5 mmol/L hemodialysate Ca may thus be appropriate for both high- and low-turnover bone disease if phosphate binders and calcitriol are combined appropriately. (Korean J Med 2011;81:751-758)

해수열원 캐스케이드 열펌프시스템의 운전 특성에 관한 실험적 연구

김지영(Ji-Young Kim),백영진(Young-Jin Baik),장기창(Ki-Chang Chang),박성룡(Seong-Ryong Park),나호상(Ho-Sang Ra),이재훈(Jea-Hun Lee) 대한기계학회 2007 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2007 No.5

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of a sea water heat source cascade heat pump system. R717(Ammonia) is used for a low-stage working fluid while R134a is for a high-stage. In order to gain a high temperature supply water in winter season, the system is designed to perform a cascade cycle. In this study, two experiments were carried out. One is a system starting test from the low load temperature of 10℃. The other is a system performance investigation over the R717 compressor capacity changes. Experimental results show that when it starts from the low load temperature, the suction temperature of the low-stage compressor is higher than that of a high-stage. The system performance increases when a water source temperature or a low-stage compressor rotational frequency goes higher.