The role of FGF-2 in smoke-induced emphysema and the therapeutic potential of recombinant FGF-2 in patients with COPD

Kim, You-Sun,Hong, Goohyeon,Kim, Doh Hyung,Kim, Young Min,Kim, Yoon-Keun,Oh, Yeon-Mok,Jee, Young-Koo Nature Publishing Group UK 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.11

<▼1><P>Although the positive effects of recombinant fibroblast growth factor-2 (rFGF-2) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been implicated in previous studies, knowledge of its role in COPD remains limited. The mechanism of FGF2 in a COPD mouse model and the therapeutic potential of rFGF-2 were investigated in COPD. The mechanism and protective effects of rFGF-2 were evaluated in cigarette smoke-exposed or elastase-induced COPD animal models. Inflammation was assessed in alveolar cells and lung tissues from mice. FGF-2 was decreased in the lungs of cigarette smoke-exposed mice. Intranasal use of rFGF-2 significantly reduced macrophage-dominant inflammation and alveolar destruction in the lungs. In the elastase-induced emphysema model, rFGF-2 improved regeneration of the lungs. In humans, plasma FGF-2 was decreased significantly in COPD compared with normal subjects (10 subjects, <I>P</I> <I>=</I> 0.037). The safety and efficacy of inhaled rFGF-2 use was examined in COPD patients, along with changes in respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function. A 2-week treatment with inhaled rFGF-2 in COPD (<I>n</I> = 6) resulted in significantly improved respiratory symptoms compared with baseline levels (<I>P</I> <I><</I> 0.05); however, the results were not significant compared with the placebo. The pulmonary function test results of COPD improved numerically compared with those in the placebo, but the difference was not statistically significant. No serious adverse events occurred during treatment with inhaled rFGF-2. The loss of FGF-2 production is an important mechanism in the development of COPD. Inhaling rFGF-2 may be a new therapeutic option for patients with COPD because rFGF-2 decreases inflammation in lungs exposed to cigarette smoke.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Lung disease: Inhaling a protein might help</B></P><P>Studies on the role of the protein ‘fibroblast growth factor-2’ (FGF-2) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suggest that inhaled FGF-2 could help treat the emphysema linked to smoking. Researchers in South Korea led by Young-Koo Jee at Dankook University, Cheonan, and Yeon-Mok Oh at the University of Ulsan, Seoul, studied the role of the reduced FGF-2 levels found in mice with lung inflammation caused by exposure to cigarette smoke. They also uncovered details of a protective effect of inhaled FGF-2, identifying specific cellular and lung structure changes attributed to the administered FGF-2. Reduced FGF-2 levels were also found in patients with COPD. Initial trials revealed some improvement in patients treated with FGF-2, but not at a statistically significant level. Nevertheless, the authors suggest their results justify further investigation of the protein’s therapeutic potential.</P></▼2>

임부의 연령에 따른 보완대체요법에 관한 인식 태도 경험 비교 연구

김연진,김지연,노경민,신혜리,유예지,이지민,장희조,정아인,최소정,강숙정,이향연,민혜영 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2016 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.50

Purpose: This study aims to test if the age of pregnant women affects the perception, experience, and attitude towards complementary alternative therapy (CAT), by investigating the perception, experience, and attitude of pregnant women under the age of 35, and above 35 (Advanced Maternal Age). The study will 1) find the general characteristics of pregnant women under and over the age of 35 2) compare the perception, behavior, and experience of pregnant women under and over the age of 35, and 3) find the comparison of the perception, behavior, and experience according to the general characteristics of pregnant women under and over the age of 35. Method: The subjects of this study are composed of 44 women under the age of 35 and 44 women above the age of 35, totaling 88 pregnant women visiting midwiferies, obstetrics and gynecology, and baby fairs in Seoul and Gyeong-Gi area. Data for this study was collected from November 28, 2015 to January 6, 2016 for 40 days. The collected data analyzed mean, standard deviation, t test, ANOVA, and chi-square by using SPSS 23.0. Result Results show that there is a significant difference in the perception, attitude, and experience of the two-sample groups in the use of CAT. The question of “what is most necessary when applying CAT in a hospital clinical environment” for the perception criteria came out with the results of t=9.980, p<.05. For the attitude, results showed that the answers of pregnant women under the age of 35 displayed a more positive attitude towards CAT. (t=2.421, p<.05) Lastly, in the experience section, pregnant women under the age of 35 showed more CAT use than the other sample group. Conclusion Results have shown that there is a difference in the perception, behavior, and experience between the two sample groups. Therefore further research on the efficacy and the adverse effects of CAT needs to be done.

C_57BL/6계 생쥐와 Nude계 생쥐의 오금림프절내 림프소절 및 종자중심의 분포에 관한 3차원적 연구

지연근,이원규,안희경 慶熙大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

This study was aimed to clarify the distribution of lymph follicles and germinal centers in the lymph nodes of the C_57BL/6 and nude strain mice. Male adult mice were used in this study. After animal were sacrificed, the right popliteal lymph nodes were removed and fixed in Zenker-formol solution for 3 hours and embedded in JB-4 resin. One of every two section, cut 3㎛ in thickness serially, was stained with May-Gru‥nwald and Giemsa solution. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. The number of lymph follicles per popliteal lymph node was average 11.25 C_57BL/6 mice but, the number of lymph follicles in nude mice was 20.25. In C_57BL/6 mice major distribution(8.5) of the lymph follicles situated in peripheral cortex overlying the unit(PCOU). In unde mice major distribution(14) is peripheral cortex beyond the unit(PCBU). 2. The thickness of most lymph follicles was between 0.01-0.19 mm in C_57BL/6 mice. But in nude mice the thickness of most of lymph follicles was between 0.20-0.39mm 3. The number of lymph follicies contained germinal center was 8.75 in nude mice. But C_57BL/ 6 mice was not observed germinal centers. 4. The average number of deep cortex is 1.5 and shape is semiovoid in C_57BL/6 mice. Spherical shaped deep cortex was observed and the number of that is one in nude mice. In stained section low density deep cortex was observed in nude mice specifically. 5. The size of lymph follicle in C_57BL/6 mice is 0.405mm and in nude mice 0.795mm

목둘레와 심혈관계 위험인자와의 연관성

강지현,유병연 대한비만학회 2003 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.12 No.2

연구배경: 최근 단순 비만 지표로서의 목둘레의 유용성에 대한 연구들이 발표되고 있으나 국내에서는 아직 목둘레와 심혈관계 위험인자와의 관련성에 대한 연구가 없었다. 이에 한국 성인 남녀에서 목둘레와 심혈관계 위험인자들과의 연관성을 알아보고 체질량 지수. 허리둘레, 체지방률 등과 비만 지표로서의 목둘레의 유용성을 비교해보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 일개 대학 병원 종합 검진 센터에 내원한 남녀 292명을 대상으로 목둘fp와 심혈관계 위험인자와의 상관관차를 알아보고 목둘fp를 4분위 (quartiles)로 나누어 가장 낮은 목둘레 4분위군과 가장 높은 목둘레 4분위군 간 심혈관계 질환들의 교차비 (odds ratio)를 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통하여 구해 보았다. 체질량 지수. 허리둘레, 체지방률 등과 비교하여 목둘레가 독립적으로 심혈관계 위험인자들을 설명할 수 있는 변수인지를 단계별 다중 회기 분석 (stepwise multiple regression analysis)을 통하여 비교하였다. 결과: 목둘레는 남자에서 수축기 혈압 및 요산, 여자에서 이완기 혈압. 총콜레스데롤 및 저밀도 콜레스테롤을 제외한 심혈관계 위험인자들과 유의한 상관관차를 보였으며, 가장 높은 목둘레 사분위군에서 가장 낮은 목둘레 사분위군에 비해 HOMA score는 남자 29.2배, 여자 5.1배 증가하였곤, hsCRP는 남자2.0배, 여자 6.6배 증가하는 것으로 나타났다 단계별 다중 회기 분석에서 목둘레는 다른 비만 지표들에 독립적으로 남자에서는 이완기 혈압. 혈당, 총 콜레스테롤, 저밀도 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 공복시 인슐린, HOMA score, 여자에서는 공복시 혈당, 고밀도 콜레스테롤, 공복시 인슐린 HOMA score의 변화에 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 목둘레는 인슐린 저항성 및 hsCRP의 상승과 관련된 심혈관계 위험인자들과 연관되어 있으며 심혈관계 질환의 위험이 증가되어 있는 비만 환자의 선별 검사로 유용하게 쓰일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Backgrounds: The aim of the present study was to test the association of neck circumfernce with the cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: We examined 292 persons, who visited a health examination center. The correlation between neck circumference and other cardiovascular risk factors was tested, and the odds ratio was calculated for various cardiovascular risk factors in the highest quartile of neck circumference compared to lowest. We used stepwise multiple regression to find out whether the neck circumference could be the independent variable to other obesity indices for cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Neck circumference was significantly correlated with the cardiovascular risk factors except diastolic blood pressure, uric acid in men and systolic blood pressure, total and LDL cholesterol in women. This odds ratio for HOMA score in the highest quartile of neck circumference compared to lowest was 29.2 in men, 5.1 in women, and for hsCRP the odds ratios was 2.0 in men, 6.6 in women. In stepwise multiple regression, neck circumference accounted for diastolic blood pressure, total and LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, HOMA score in men, glucose, HDL cholesterol insulin, HOMA score in women independently to other obesity indices. Conclusion: Neck circumference is associated with the cardiovascular risk factors related to insulin resistance and hsCRP. The measurement of neck circumference could be useful in clinical screening for obese person at an enhanced risk for cardiovascular diseases.

활동 및 자료형태가 중학생의 영어 쓰기, 연결어 사용 및 태도에 미치는 영향 : 중학교 2학년을 중심으로

권지연 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 2006 이화교육논총 Vol.16 No.-

The importance of communicative competence in English has been emphasized much more than before and recent English curriculum has focused on developing practical English skills in this era of globalization. Korean students have a need to improve their English writing skill. However, it is difficult for students to find opportunities to write in English both in the classroom and outside the classroom. Recent research has shown that writing through communicative activities is effective at improving not only the communicative competence, but general English abilities. It has also shown that the types of materials, picture or word, in writing have important effects on the learner writing. Therefore, this study is mainly concerned with types of materials and writing activities in EFL writing classes. This study aims at examining the effect of writing activities and materials on the English writing abilities, the use of connectives and the attitudes of students after training. For the purpose of this study, the experiment was carried out over 8 weeks using 280 Korean middle school students in 2nd grade. Students were divided into three groups, which were Jigsaw A, Jigsaw B and individual group, according to the types of writing activities and each group is divided again into the picture and word group according to the types of materials. Jigsaw A is a two-way information gap activity including both expert and home groups. Jigsaw B is also a two-way information gap activity, but excluding the expert groups. During the writing training, students wrote additive and adversative writings, sequential writings and causal writings as well as pre- and post-writing. Data for the research was collected from students' writings from groups and individuals, the evaluations for students' understanding of connectives, classroom observations, students' questionnaires and interviews. According to the results of the study, we were able to identify several trends. First, the types of writing activities showed meaningful differences of the writing abilities except additive and adversative writings, It is expected that more negotiations of meaning through 2 phases of group activities, expert and home group, resulted in these differences. In contrast, the types of writing activities didn't show meaningful differences of the use of connectives. So it was believed that Jigsaw A activities including expert and home groups had a positive effect on the writing abilities. Second, the effect of types of materials did not show meaningful differences from comparing pre- and post-evaluation of connectives. However, the analysis of the frequency of connectives in each text proved meaningful differences according to the types of materials. The picture materials in sequential writings and causal writings had positive effects on the frequency of connectives. Therefore, it is expected that the pictures made learners understand the whole story more easily and improve the abilities of organizing a story. Third, the types of writing activities and materials had a positive influence on the students' attitude about English writing, cooperative writing and cooperative learning as well as motivation and confidence of writing. It is expected that Jigsaw A groups were particularly effective in their writings and showed more confidence through the training. Finally, there were certain differences from classroom observations, students' questionnaires and interviews. There were different kinds of writing features between writings from pictures and those from words. From students' interviews, higher level students in Jigsaw A and Jigsaw B felt more responsibilities as leaders of their own group. However, lower level students were inclined to depend on higher level students, It is expected that the types of writing activities and materials have different effects according to the level of students. In conclusion, the results of this study have shown that the types of writing activities and materials result in the meaningful differences, In particular, jigsaw A groups and picture groups make positive effects on student writings and the use of connectives, In addition, Jigsaw activity including an expert group and a home group is expected to be more helpful for those students who have few writing opportunities in EFL classrooms. However, high level students felt burdened as leaders in jigsaw group, so the teacher should manage those problems by encouraging low level students. For the material, pictures should be selected as meaningful inputs to students to make them interact more actively. Therefore, more helpful instructions to encourage more interaction between students, are required for effective writing activities.

Arnold Scho¨nberg의 作品演奏를 爲한 提言 : 6 Kleine Klavierstucke, Op.19를 中心으로 Secgs kieine Klavierstucke, op.19(1911)

金芝延,李哲雨 대구산업정보대학 1998 논문집 Vol.12 No.2

This study was carried out by co-reaserchers(one is a performer, the other is a composer) who exchanged ideas with each other for the purpose of establishing an objective way of playing the twentieth century's major works of music. The study will play a crucial role in having the modern works perform more on local stages: actually there is a tendency to perform the classic works more often than to perform modern works. This is the reason why we preferred "suggestion" to "an analysis" as the title so that we could provide a clear purpose for this study. We chose Sechs kleine Klavierstucke, which characterizes the middle stage of Arnold Schonberg 's musical life, for the object of study because we thought of this work as musically simple and lucid which is greatly different from the musical traditions of the past and corresponds to the purpose of our study. More correctly speaking, we did not include such reasons as "Because this work is very imfortant in the history of modern music" or "Because this work is masterpiece in his music." We divided our study into three parts: philological investigation, analysis for performance and conclusion. Sechs kleine Klavierstucke might not be said to have a perfect sonata form but it can be regarded as a work intended for sonata form with metamorphoses. For in this work, as below, the contents of the third and fourth pieces are not very different from those of the first and second pieces in the aspect of music development. These aspects show that Schonberg was a composer who was interested in the traditional form of music in spite of living in the twentieth century. ◁그림삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요) Through this study we concluded that the works of the twentieth century could be performed on the basis of traditional forms. In other words, if we can find 'what is the same?' or 'what is different?' in the standards of traditional forms of music we can conceive of a method for the good performance of the twentieth century's works. In this respect, it seems to me that the last judge of music is 'the ear' of listeners. If we systematically study, we will have 'the ear' to understand 'the new'. Finally we hope that our study can give the fellow performers better opportunities to approach the twentieth century's works.

FCL(5-FU, Carboplatin, Leucovorin) 항암 화학요법에서 Gm-CSF의 효과

최지영,김현수,김종숙,박상준,윤환중,조덕연,남상륜,김삼용 忠南大學校 癌共同硏究所 1998 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.2 No.1

Background: One of the major side effects of cancer chemotherapy is myelosuppression. Neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia are dose-limiting factors in chemotherapy. Colony-stimulating factor induces proliferation and functional maturation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. GM-CSF is primarily active on progenitor cells of granulocytic and monocytic lineage. Methods: Fifteen patients with histologically proven malignancy diagnosed at Chungnam National University Hospital from January 1993 to August 1995 were included in this study. We could evaluate the clinical efficacy of GM-CSF in 13 patients undergoing FCL(5-FU, Carboplatin and Leucovorin) chemotherapy; the first cycles involved no GM-CSF while the second cycles involved GM-CSF on day 6 through 15 of chemotherapy. Results: 1) The subjects were fifteen patients in all, there were five patients with head and neck cancer, which was the most common types of maligancy. There were four patients with colon cancer, two patients with stomach cancer, and one patient with breast cancer, gallbladder cancer, cervix cancer and cholangiocarcinoma respectively, two patients, who did not complete two cycles of chemotherapy were excluded. 2) Age distribution was from 38 years to 78 years with a median age of 57. 3) In FCL chemotherapy cycles with GM-CSF, the duration of neutropenia(<500/μL) was 0.5±0.3 day, while FCL chemotherapy cycles without GM-CSF, it was 2.9±0.7 day(P=0.008). 3) There was no significant difference in platelet count between the two chemotherapy cycles(P=0.133). 4) Febrile duration without GM-CSF was 4.9±2.1 day, but with GM-CSF the duration was 1.3±0.7 day, which was significantly different(P=0.003). The duration of antibiotics use with GM-CSF was 1.7±1.2 day and without GM-CSF was 6.8±3.2 day, also significantly different(P=0.002). But hospital stay between the two cycles were not significantly different(P=0.064). Conclusion: GM-CSF was effective in preventing or restoring bone marrow depression after FCL chemotherapy.

단순 비만 지표로서의 목둘레의 분별점

강지현,유병연,서희선,심경원 대한비만학회 2002 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.11 No.2

연구배경 : 목둘레는 인슐린저항성과 관련된 여러 질환과 연관되어 있으며 인슐린저항성의 위험이 증가되어 있는 환자들에서 목둘레가 임상적인 선별검사로 유용하게 쓰일 수 있으리라고 제시되어진 바 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 목둘레와 비만 관련 지표 및 인슐린저항성의 지표로서의 HOMA score 와의 상관관계를 알아보고, 비만 환자를 예측할 수 있는 최적의 목둘레 분별점을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 건양대학병원 종합검진센터에 내원하여 건강검진을 받은 성인 남녀 대상자 364명 (남자 199명, 여자 165명) 중 249명 (남자 136명, 여자 113명) 실험군(test group)로 하여 receiver output curve (ROC) 분석을 통해 체질량지수 25 kg/㎡에 대한 최적의 (optimal) 민감도와 특이도를 가지는 목둘레 분별점을 구하였으며, 나머지 115명 (남자 63명, 여자 52명)을 유효군 (validation group)으로 하여 실험군에서 얻어진 목둘레 분별점을 적용하여 그 유효성을 알아보았다. 또한 묵둘레와 비만 관련 지표 및 인슐린저항성의 지표로서의 HOMA score와의 상관관계를 알아보았다. 결과 : 목둘레는 남녀 대상군 모두에서 허리둘레, 엉덩이 둘레, 엉덩이허리둘레비, 체질량지수, 체지방률, 공복시 혈중 인슐린, HOMA score와 강한 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 실험군에서 비만 환자를 예측할 수 있는 최적의 목둘레의 분별점은 남자에서는 36.6 cm 여자에서는 32.3 cm 였다. 이때의 민감도는 남자 81.92%, 여자 91.5%, 특이도는 남자 77.4%, 여자 69.7%, 정확도는 남자 80.2%, 여자 85%였다. 또한 실험군에서 얻어진 목둘레의 분별점을 유효군에 적용한 결과 남자에서는 민감도 91.9%, 특이도 53.9%, 정확도 76.1%로 나타났으며 여자에서는 민감도 81.25%, 특이도 85%, 정확도 82.69%로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구는 측정이 간편한 단순 비만 지표로서의 목둘레와 흔히 사용되는 비만 관련 지표 및 인슐린저항성과의 관련성을 밝혔으며 비만환자를 예측하기 위한 방법으로서 남자 36.6 cm, 여자 32.3 cm라는 목둘레의 분별점을 제시하였다. 향후 보다 일반화할 수 있는 보완 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다. Background : Neck circumference has been reported to be related to the other anthropometric measures of obesity and also associated with the metabolic disorders related to insulin resistance. The measurement of neck circumference could be useful in clinical screening for persons at an enhanced risk for insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to determine whether a single measure of neck circumference might be correlated with other obesity indices and HOMA score and to define neck circumference cutoff levels for obesity. Methods : We examined 364 consecutive persons (199 men and 165 women), who visited konyang university hospital health examination center during August, 2002. To find the optimal, maximal sensitivity and specificity for neck circumference, the receiver output curve (ROC) analysis of cutoff points against BMI (25 kg/㎡) was performed using the test group (136 men and 113 women). We validated the cutoff level using validation group (63 men and 52 women). Other obesity indices and fasting glucose and insulin were measured to find the correlation between neck circumference. Results : Neck circumference was significantly correlated with waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip ratio, BMI, total body fat percent, fasting insulin and HOMA score. Neck circumference 36.6 cm for men and 32.3 cm for women was the best cutoff levels for determining the subjects with BMI over 25 kg/㎡. In the validation unrelated group, the test characteristics were acceptable with 91.9% sensitivity, 53.9% specificity, and 76.1% accuracy for men, and 81.25% sensitivity, 85% specificity, and 82.69% accuracy for women. Conclusion : Neck circumference as a simple and easy screening method for obesity was strongly correlated with the other conventional obesity indices and HOMA score as a index of insulin resistance and we defined neck circumference cutoff level for obesity according existing BMI cutoff levels.

복수과 진료 환자의 중복 처방에 대한 분석 및 평가

이지은,장혜경,오지영,유윤경,김현지,임숙인,연숙희,강진숙,최귀령 한국병원약사회 2003 병원약사회지 Vol.20 No.1

In an aging society, there is an increasing possibility of the duplication of the drugs given to patients because they take many kinds of drugs. Among the prescriptions given to the patients who was treated at multiple ambulatory clinics in St. Mary's hospital for one month of September, 2002, in which drugs that has identical or similar effects are prescribed, we analysed and evaluated them by patients' characteristics, kinds of medication, severity of side effects on a case by case basis. More, we assessed the potential additional costs. As a result of this study, the duplication rate turned out to be 6.69% and it was shown that the proportion of the elderly patients over 60 was high. The gastro-intestinal medications took up a large part and most of the cases showed that the danger caused by double taking of medicine was slight, but there were some examples in which the serious side effects were predicted. Expected additional costs were the average 11.349 won and it ranges from the minimum of 56 won to the maximum of 135,720 won. In conclusion, the management of drug histories of the patients who need the plural treatments is very important and the necessity of the individual and professional guidance of taking medicines for the elderly patients is emerged, too.

보릿짚의 수분함량 및 수확시기가 소각시 대기오염물질 발생에 미치는 영향

고지연,강항원,이재생,김춘송,박성태,김복진 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.2

영남지방 벼-보리 이모작답에서 가장 널리 시행되고 있는 보릿짚 처리방법인 소각이 대기환경에 미치는 영향을 소각시 발생하는 온난화가스, 대기오염가스 및 분진발생량을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 보릿짚 소각시 온난화가스 발생량은 CO₂376.8, CH₄ 1.56, N₂O 0.05 kg/10a 로서 CO₂의 발생량이 가장 많았으며, 대기 오염가스 중에는 유기물의 불완전 연소시 배출되는 CO발생량이 28.8 kg/10a로서 가장 많았다. 그 외 SO₂ H₂S, NH₃, NO등의 질소 및 황 함유 유해가스도 소량 발생되었고 발생된 PM 10 분진의 대부분은 인체에 미치는 영향이 PM 10보다 큰 PM 2.5로 이루어져 있었다. 또한 수확시기가 빠르거나 수분함량이 높은 보릿짚일수록 온난화가스 및 대기오염 가스의 발생량이 증가하고 소각 연기내 PM 10 분진중 PM 2.5의 미세분진 비중이 높았다. 수확적기로 알려진 출수 40일 이후의 보릿짚은 출수 후 40일된 보릿짚 소각시 발생하는 대기오염가스 발생량과 큰 차이가 없었다. This study was carried out to determine impacts of burning of barley straw produced from rice-barley double cropping paddy field on air quality by investigating emissions of greenhouse gases (CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O), air pollution gases (CO, SO₂, H₂S, NH₃ and NO) and particulate matters (PM 10 and PM 2.5). When the barley straw at a rate of 4.5 t/ha was burned at open status, the emitted GHGs amounts were CO₂ 376.8 kg/10a, CH₄ 1.56 and N₂O 0.06. The amount of CO emission was the largest among air pollution gases. These results showed that the range of 45~55% of total C in barley straw was emitted as CO₂-C, followed by CO-C (6.4~5.9%) and CH₄-C (0.5~0.7%). As far as moisture content in barley straw is concerned, the higher moisture content that the barley straw contains, the larger amount of air pollution gases and the higher portion of PM 2.5 in PM 10 were emitted when it burned. In case of harvesting time of barley straw, emission amounts of greenhouse, air pollution gases and PM 2.5 portion in PM 10 had tendency to increase when earlier harvested barley straw was burned.