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Gesture, Gaze, and Bodily Cues in Mandarin Conversation: Two Case Studies
Lee,Jee-won 한국사회언어학회 2012 사회언어학 Vol.20 No.1
Lee, Jee-won. 2012. Gesture, Gaze, and Bodily Cues in Mandarin Conversation: Two Case Studies. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 20(1). pp. 213-234. This study uses discourse analysis to illustrate some ways that non-verbal actions such as gaze, facial expression, and gesture work to contextualize the speech delivered in conversation. These bodily cues also enable participants to organize interactions as collaborative creations of meaning rather than simply a turn-by-turn exchange of speech. This study uses two excerpts from Mandarin Chinese conversations to illustrate how non-verbal cues help speakers and recipients to engage in collaborative action with one another. Speakers give recipients information about their stances vis-à-vis the speech they produce, and recipients use this information to manage their reactions to the speech they hear. Non-verbal actions also allow both parties to mutually regulate the flow of conversation. In both examples, it becomes clear that gaze, facial expression, and gesture are important elements of spoken interaction and that conversation as a whole should be understood as a contextual web of meaning that includes speech, body language, and overall social interaction.
Shin, Gu-Choul,Na, Byoung-Kuk,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Ahn, Jung-Bae,Park, Jong-Won,Lee, Jin-Soo,Kim, Jee-Hee,Kim, Woo-Joo,Kang, Chun The Korean Society for Microbiology 2003 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.33 No.4
Although Korean influenza virus isolates have been genetically associated with the vaccine strains of the corresponding year, influenza B viruses have prevailed almost every year in Korea during the past decades. We have 'analyzed the genetic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of the haemagglutinin (HA) 1 domains of influenza B viruses isolated during 1988-1999 using direct RT-PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza B viruses isolated in Korea indicated that antigenically and genetically distinguishable strains of the lineage II and lineage III variants had been cocirculated. Variants prevailed in early 1990s are represented in 1996/97 and 1998/99 and some different variants have been co circulated geographically and prevailed concurrently in Korea. All HA1s of Korean isolates have amino acid substitutions mainly in the region between position 124 and 310, which was previously proposed an immunodominant region. Insertion-deletion patterns of the HA gene revealed that Korean influenza B viruses were evolved from Lee40 with different manner between lineage II and III viruses. Lineage III viruses were also divided into two groups as conserved group and inserted group, in relation to Lee40. But lineage II viruses had evolved with directional pattern. Antigenic index proposed that influenza B isolates prevailed since 1996/97 seasons might had emerged from the antigenic variants of a Seo1697-like virus and that new variants might appear from the lineage II viruses resulting in persistent prevalence in Korea.
Jee-Won Chang,Kun-Woo Chun,Suk-Woo Kim,Young-Hyup Lim,Young-Seol Kim,Su-Jin Jang,Dong-Kyun Lee,Hak-Sung Kim 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2017 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.11
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different revegetation methods on surface erosion of the devastated hillslopes of limestone quarry at Okgye, located in Baekdudaegan, Gangwon-do, South Korea. Four methods, namely the coir-net-method, geofiber-method, green-slope-soil-method, and latticed-frame-attaching-method, were applied to four survey plots (2 m × 2 m), and different parameters, e.g., coverage, vegetation (the number of species and population), soil hardness, soil humidity, and surface erosion were determined. The survey plots in each case were selected, considering the differences in their altitude and slope angles, for appropriate comparison of the effects. The results showed that surface erosion was lowest for the geofiber-method, and was followed by erosion in the plots in which the green-slope-soil-method, latticed-frame-attaching-method, and coir-net-method were applied. In addition, the coverage rates for the geofiber-method and the green-slope-soil-method were relatively higher compared to those for the latticed-frame-attaching-method and coir-net-method. The above results indicate that the geofiber-method and green-slope-soil-method are relatively more effective in promoting vegetation growth and in minimizing surface erosion by adhesion the base materials.
An Overmodulation Method for Space Vector PWM Inverters with DC-Link Shunt Resistor
Jee-Sang Lee,Won-Sang Im,Jang-Mok Kim 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5
In order to lower the cost and expand the working range of pulse width modulation voltage source inverter (PWM-VSI), the control method under the overmodulation mode with a dc-link shunt resistor is developed. The voltage utilization according to un-implementable region is analyzed in overmodulation region. By using the conventional phase reconstruction method, the minimized un-implementable region can be achieved for maximizing voltage utilization and the minimizing total harmonic distortion (THD) under the overmodulation region. The new overmodulation voltage reference which has the same voltage utilization with original voltage reference is produced to minimize THD by using Fourier analysis. The effectiveness of proposed algorithm is verified through the THD comparison between conventional and proposed method. The experimental results verify the validity of new overmodulation control and behavior of phase current reconstruction method.
A study of characteristics of cumulative deposition of fallout Pu in environmental samples
Lee, Myung Ho,Song, Byoung Chul,Jee, Kwang Yong,Park, Yeong Jae,Kim, Won Ho The Korean Society of Analytical Sciences 2006 분석과학 Vol.19 No.1
This paper describes the cumulative deposition of fallout Pu in soil and lichen at the present time and give the characteristics of fallout Pu deposits in the soil. In the soil of the forest, the accumulated depositions of $^{239,240}Pu$ were estimated to be in the range of 34.0 to $101.2Bq\;m^{-2}$ with an average value of $65.3{\pm}21.6Bq\;m^{-2}$. The average inventory of $^{239,240}Pu$ in the forest was calculated to be two times higher than that in the hill. Also, the deposited activities of $^{239,240}Pu$ in cultivated soil were significantly lower than those in the hill or forest. However, the cumulative depositions of fallout Pu in the volcanic ash soil on Cheju Island were much higher than those in the forest and hill soils. The measured activity concentrations of Pu isotopes in lichens and mosses showed large variations, due to characteristics of species and life span of lichen and moss colonies. From depth profiles, it was found that most of the fallout Pu has been accumulated in upper 10 cm layer of soil. Except for a few cases, the concentrations of $^{239,240}Pu$ in soil tended to decrease exponentially with increasing soil depth. Among parameters affecting the cumulative deposition of fallout Pu, organic substances and rainfall play an important role in the retention and relative mobility of fallout Pu in the soil. However, pH showed a weak correlation with the deposition of fallout Pu in the soil. From sequential leaching experiments, Pu was found to be associated predominantly with the "organic" and "oxy-hydroxy" fractions. Both the activity ratios of $^{238}Pu/^{239,240}Pu$ and $^{241}Pu/^{239,240}Pu$ in soils, lichens and mosses and the atomic ratios of $^{240}Pu/^{239}Pu$ in soils are close to those observed in the cumulative deposit global fallout from nuclear weapon testings. The results obtained from this research make it possible to interpret and predict the behavior of fallout Pu under natural conditions.
Nipple Reconstruction Using a Scar-Based Modified C-V Flap
Won Chul Choi,최현곤,Jee Nam Kim,Myung Chul Lee,신동혁,김순흠,Cheol Keun Kim,조동인 대한미용성형외과학회 2016 Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Vol.22 No.3
Background Numerous techniques have emerged for nipple-areolar complex (NAC) over the years. Scar-based modified C-V flap technique is a new method for creating NAC, surgeons can accomplish nipple reconstruction and scar revision simultaneously. This article described the modified C-V flap technique for nipple reconstruction. This modified method is simple and reliable with good outcome. Methods To evaluate the effectiveness of our technique, we reviewed 21 patients who underwent nipple reconstruction using the scar-based modified C-V flap technique. For scar-based modified C-V flap, a C flap was designed to match the contralateral nipple in width while a V flap including scar after mastectomy was designed. The flap pedicle was centrally located. The V flap was then fixed surrounding the central part with a proper shape and volume considering the distal part of the flap that had poor vascularization. Results The average age of the 21 patients was 48.4 years. The average length of follow up was 7.4 months. Complication rate was 19.0% including projection loss in 2 cases, tip necrosis in 1 case, postoperative infection in 1 case, and wound dehiscence in 1 case. Re-operations were performed for 2 cases of projection loss, 1 case of partial flap necrosis, and 1 case of wound dehiscence. Conclusions The scar-based modified C-V flap technique is a simple and reliable method for nipple reconstruction with aesthetic outcome. Patients who have undergone this surgical technique tend to have great satisfaction with the results.
Lee, Soo-Yeon,Go, Ga-Yeon,Vuong, Tuan Anh,Kim, Jee Won,Lee, Sullim,Jo, Ayoung,An, Jun Min,Kim, Su-Nam,Seo, Dong-Wan,Kim, Jin-Seok,Kim, Yong Kee,Kang, Jong-Sun,Lee, Sang-Jin,Bae, Gyu-Un The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.1
Background: Black ginseng (BG) has greatly enhanced pharmacological activities relative to white or red ginseng. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of BG on muscle growth has not yet been examined. In this study, we investigated whether BG could regulate myoblast differentiation and myotube hypertrophy. Methods: BG-treated C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated, followed by immunoblotting for myogenic regulators, immunostaining for a muscle marker, myosin heavy chain or immunoprecipitation analysis for myogenic transcription factors. Results: BG treatment of C2C12 cells resulted in the activation of Akt, thereby enhancing hetero-dimerization of MyoD and E proteins, which in turn promoted muscle-specific gene expression and myoblast differentiation. BG-treated myoblasts formed larger multinucleated myotubes with increased diameter and thickness, accompanied by enhanced Akt/mTOR/p70S6K activation. Furthermore, the BG treatment of human rhabdomyosarcoma cells restored myogenic differentiation. Conclusion: BG enhances myoblast differentiation and myotube hypertrophy by activating Akt/mTOR/p70S6k axis. Thus, our study demonstrates that BG has promising potential to treat or prevent muscle loss related to aging or other pathological conditions, such as diabetes.