Radiolysis of Paraffin Encapsulation Wax

Kim,Chang Lak,Lee,Myung Chan,Park,Won Jae,Suk,Tae Won,Burns,William G. 대한방사선 방어학회 1995 방사선방어학회지 Vol.20 No.4

파라핀 왁스를 사용하여 건조된 농축폐액을 고화시킬 경우, 방사선적 가수분해에 의해 발생할 가능성이 있는 수소가스의 발생량을 추정하여 보았다. 분석결과에 의하면, 코발트 60의 방사선에너지에 의해 방사선적 가수분해가 주로 발생ㄹ함을 알 수 있다. 200리터 드럼붕 120 리터가 파라핀으로채워졌다고 가정할 때 수소가스 발생은 초기에 4.4 ×10²cm³yr¹이고 100년이 경과한 후는 7.2cm³yr¹로 줄어든다. 수소에 의한 발화점을 25년이 경과한 후 도달할 가능성이 있느나, 폭발한계에는 1000년 이내에 도달할 가능성이 없다. 안전성 관련 주요 한계점이 도달하는 시기는 드럼내 파라핀 왁스의 채움 정도에 매우 민감하게 영향을 받는다. 드럼내 공간의 감소시, 발화점에 도달 시간이 줄어듬을 알수 있다. An estmate is made on the potential generation rate of H₂from radiolysis of the paraffin-wax encapsulant proposed for the solidified liquid concentrate wasteform. The results show tht the radiolytic production of H₂from paraffin-wax-encapsulated waste is dominated by the radiation energy released from ?Co. The radioltic production of H₂will proceed at an initial rate equivalent to aproximately 4.4 ×10²cm³yr¹in 200 litre drums that are partly filled with 120 litres of encapsulated waste. The gas production rate will fall to a value of 7.2cm³yr¹after 100 years. The lower flammable limit for H₂in air will be reached in about 25 years and the lower explosive limit for H₂in air would not be reached in 1000 years. The timescale in which these safety-related limits are reached is strongly dependent on the level of filling of each waste drum. A reduction of the air space inside each drum would reduce the time required to reach the lower flammable limit.

Formate-driven growth coupled with H₂ production

Kim, Yun Jae,Lee, Hyun Sook,Kim, Eun Sook,Bae, Seung Seob,Lim, Jae Kyu,Matsumi, Rie,Lebedinsky, Alexander V.,Sokolova, Tatyana G.,Kozhevnikova, Darya A.,Cha, Sun-Shin,Kim, Sang-Jin,Kwon, Kae Kyoung,Im Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2010 Nature Vol.467 No.7313

Although a common reaction in anaerobic environments, the conversion of formate and water to bicarbonate and H<SUB>2</SUB> (with a change in Gibbs free energy of ?G째 = +1.3??kJ??mol<SUP>??1</SUP>) has not been considered energetic enough to support growth of microorganisms. Recently, experimental evidence for growth on formate was reported for syntrophic communities of Moorella sp. strain AMP and a hydrogen-consuming Methanothermobacter species and of Desulfovibrio sp. strain G11 and Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus strain AZ. The basis of the sustainable growth of the formate-users is explained by H<SUB>2</SUB> consumption by the methanogens, which lowers the H<SUB>2</SUB> partial pressure, thus making the pathway exergonic. However, it has not been shown that a single strain can grow on formate by catalysing its conversion to bicarbonate and H<SUB>2</SUB>. Here we report that several hyperthermophilic archaea belonging to the Thermococcus genus are capable of formate-oxidizing, H<SUB>2</SUB>-producing growth. The actual ?G values for the formate metabolism are calculated to range between ??8 and ??20??kJ??mol<SUP>??1</SUP> under the physiological conditions where Thermococcus onnurineus strain NA1 are grown. Furthermore, we detected ATP synthesis in the presence of formate as a sole energy source. Gene expression profiling and disruption identified the gene cluster encoding formate hydrogen lyase, cation/proton antiporter and formate transporter, which were responsible for the growth of T. onnurineus NA1 on formate. This work shows formate-driven growth by a single microorganism with protons as the electron acceptor, and reports the biochemical basis of this ability.

A phase II study of irinotecan plus cisplatin for patients with advanced stage IIIB or IV NSCLC previously treated with nonplatinum-based chemotherapy

Kim, Heung T.,Han, Ji-Youn,Lee, Dae H.,Chun, Jong H.,Lee, Hong G.,Lee, Jae J.,Kim, Hyae Y.,Lee, Sung Y.,Lee, Jin S. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2006 Cancer Vol.107 No.4

<B>BACKGROUND.</B><P>Irinotecan (I) and cisplatin (P) are active chemotherapy agents with clinical synergy in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We evaluated the efficacy of IP regimen as a salvage treatment of patients with NSCLC that progressed after nonplatinum-containing regimen(s).</P><B>METHODS.</B><P>Eligibility required histologically confirmed NSCLC, bidimensionally measurable disease, ECOG PS 0-2, and progressive disease after nonplatinum-based chemotherapy. Treatment consisted of I (65 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) and P (30 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) i.v. on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle, for a maximum of 6 cycles. An informed consent was obtained from all patients.</P><B>RESULTS.</B><P>Between August 2002 and May 2004, 32 patients with median age of 56 years (range, 42–74) were enrolled. Twenty-four (75%) patients were men, and 28 (88%) had ECOG PS 0 or 1. Twenty-five patients had adenocarcinoma and 6 had squamous-cell carcinoma. All patients were evaluated for response and toxicity, and the response rate was 40.6%. After a median follow-up of 18.5 months, the median survival time was found to be 9.3 months, with a 1-year survival rate of 43.8%. Toxicities were moderate and manageable, with 47% G3 and 9% G4 neutropenia, 19% G3 diarrhea, and 22% G3 asthenia. There was no G4 nonhematologic toxicity.</P><B>CONCLUSIONS.</B><P>The irinotecan and cisplatin combination is an active and well-tolerated regimen for the patients with advanced NSCLC that progressed after nonplatinum-containing regimen(s). Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.</P>

Hybrid Nanomembranes for High Power and High Energy Density Supercapacitors and Their Yarn Application

Lee, Jae Ah,Shin, Min Kyoon,Kim, Shi Hyeong,Kim, Seon Jeong,Spinks, Geoffrey M.,Wallace, Gordon G.,Ovalle-Robles, Raquel,Lima, Má,rcio D.,Kozlov, Mikhail E.,Baughman, Ray H. American Chemical Society 2012 ACS NANO Vol.6 No.1

<P>We report mechanically robust, electrically conductive, free-standing, and transparent hybrid nanomembranes made of densified carbon nanotube sheets that were coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) using vapor phase polymerization and their performance as supercapacitors. The hybrid nanomembranes with thickness of ∼66 nm and low areal density of ∼15 μg/cm<SUP>2</SUP>exhibited high mechanical strength and modulus of 135 MPa and 12.6 GPa, respectively. They also had remarkable shape recovery ability in liquid and at the liquid/air interface unlike previous carbon nanotube sheets. The hybrid nanomembrane attached on a current collector had volumetric capacitance of ∼40 F/cm<SUP>3</SUP> at 100 V s<SUP>–1</SUP> (∼40 and ∼80 times larger than that of onion-like carbon measured at 100 V s<SUP>–1</SUP> and activated carbon measured at 20 V s<SUP>–1</SUP>, respectively), and it showed rectangular shapes of cyclic voltammograms up to ∼5 V s<SUP>–1</SUP>. High mechanical strength and flexibility of the hybrid nanomembrane enabled twisting it into microsupercapacitor yarns with diameters of ∼30 μm. The yarn supercapacitor showed stable cycling performance without a metal current collector, and its capacitance decrease was only ∼6% after 5000 cycles. Volumetric energy and power density of the hybrid nanomembrane was ∼70 mWh cm<SUP>–3</SUP> and ∼7910 W cm<SUP>–3</SUP>, and the yarn possessed the energy and power density of ∼47 mWh cm<SUP>–3</SUP> and ∼538 W cm<SUP>–3</SUP>.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2012/ancac3.2012.6.issue-1/nn203640a/production/images/medium/nn-2011-03640a_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn203640a'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Formation and magnetic properties of InFeP:Ag nanorods fabricated with noble metal Ag using an ion milling method

Sohn, Jae Min,Kim, Hyungsang,Im, Hyunsik,Kim, Hyungbae,Lee, Juwon,Shon, Yoon,Subramaniam, N G,Kang, Taewon,Kim, Deuk Young,Koo, Hyun Cheol,Lee, Joo-hyeon,Song, Jing Dong,Park, Chang-Soo,Kim, Eun Kyu IOP 2017 Nanotechnology Vol.28 No.50

<P>The formation, including the density and height of the InFeP:Ag nanorods doped with noble metal Ag using an ion milling method, was preponderantly determined from transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analyses. We investigate, in particular, the enhanced ferromagnetism of the well-aligned InFeP:Ag nanorods. Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were carried out in order to investigate the incorporation of Ag and to verify the local chemical bonding of the InFeP:Ag nanorods. The variation of FWHM for the double-crystal x-ray rocking curve and triple-axis diffraction peaks demonstrates that noble metal Ag is incorporated into the InFeP:Ag nanorods. The noticeable ferromagnetic signature (M-H curve) of the InFeP:Ag nanorods is observed and <I>T</I> <SUB>c</SUB> persists up to almost 350 K (3.9?×?10<SUP>−4</SUP> emu g<SUP>−1</SUP>), as determined by temperature-dependence magnetization (M-T curve) measurements. This study suggests that the InFeP:Ag nanorods should be a potential candidate for the application of spintronic devices.</P>

Radiolysis of Paraffin Encapsulation Wax

Chang Lak Kim,Myung Chan Lee,Won Jae Park,Tae Won Suk,William G. Burns 대한방사선방어학회 1995 방사선방어학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Flexible 3D Nanoporous Graphene for Desalination and Bio-decontamination of Brackish Water <i>via</i> Asymmetric Capacitive Deionization

El-Deen, Ahmed G.,Boom, Remko M.,Kim, Hak Yong,Duan, Hongwei,Chan-Park, Mary B.,Choi, Jae-Hwan American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.38

[GRAPHIC OMISSION]</BR> [GRAPHIC OMISSION]</BR><P>Nanoporous graphene based materials are a promising nanostructured carbon for energy storage and electrosorption applications. We present a novel and facile strategy for fabrication of asymmetrically functionalized microporous activated graphene electrodes for high performance capacitive desalination and disinfection of brackish water. Briefly, thiocarbohydrazide coated silica nanoparticles intercalated graphene sheets are used as a sacrificial material for creating mesoporous graphene followed by alkaline activation process. This fabrication procedure meets the ideal desalination pore diameter with ultrahigh specific surface area ∼ 2680 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>-1</SUP> of activated 3D graphene based micropores. The obtained activated graphene electrode is modified by carboxymethyl cellulose as negative charge (COO<SUP>-2</SUP>) and disinfectant quaternary ammonium cellulose with positively charged polyatomic ions of the structure (NR<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>). Our novel asymmetric coated microporous activated 3D graphene employs nontoxic water-soluble binder which increases the surface wettability and decreases the interfacial resistance and moreover improves the electrode flexibility compared with organic binders. The desalination performance of the fabricated electrodes was evaluated by carrying out single pass mode experiment under various cell potentials with symmetric and asymmetric cells. The asymmetric charge coated microporous activated graphene exhibits exceptional electrosorption capacity of 18.43 mg g<SUP>-1</SUP> at a flow rate of 20 mL min<SUP>-1</SUP> upon applied cell potential of 1.4 V with initial NaCl concentration of 300 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, high charge efficiency, excellent recyclability, and, moreover, good antibacterial behavior. The present strategy provides a new avenue for producing ultrapure water <I>via</I> green capacitive deionization technology.</P>

Mass-scalable synthesis of 3D porous germanium–carbon composite particles as an ultra-high rate anode for lithium ion batteries

Ngo, Duc Tung,Le, Hang T. T.,Kim, Chanhoon,Lee, Jae-Young,Fisher, John G.,Kim, Il-Doo,Park, Chan-Jin The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.8 No.12

<P>Electrode materials with three-dimensional (3D) mesoporous structures possess superior features, such as a shortened solid-phase lithium diffusion distance, a large pore volume, full lithium ion accessibility, and a high specific area, which can facilitate fast lithium ion transport and electron transfer between solid/electrolyte interfaces. In this work, we introduce a facile synthesis route for the preparation of a 3D nanoarchitecture of Ge coated with carbon (3D-Ge/C) <I>via</I> a carbothermal reduction method in an inert atmosphere. 3D-Ge/C showed excellent cyclability: almost 86.8% capacity retention, corresponding to a charge capacity of 1216 mA h g<SUP>−1</SUP> even after 1000 cycles at a 2C-rate. Surprisingly, the high average reversible capacity of 1122 mA h g<SUP>−1</SUP> was maintained at a high charge rate of 100C (160 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>). Even at an ultrahigh charge rate of 400C (640 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>), an average capacity of 429 mA h g<SUP>−1</SUP> was attained. Further, the full cell composed of a 3D-Ge/C anode and an LiCoO<SUB>2</SUB> cathode exhibited excellent rate capability and cyclability with 94.7% capacity retention over 50 cycles. 3D-Ge/C, which offers a high energy density like batteries as well as a high power density like supercapacitors, is expected to be used in a wide range of electrochemical devices.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A novel, facile synthetic route has been proposed to prepare a 3D nanoarchitecture of Ge coated with carbon (3D-Ge/C) <I>via</I> carbothermal reduction. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c5ee02183a'> </P>

Progastrin-releasing peptide as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker of small cell lung cancer

오형주,( Ha Young Park ),( Tae Ok Kim1 ),( Chul Kyu Park ),( Hong Jun Shin ),( Hee Jung Ban ),( In Jae Oh ),( Yong Soo Kwon ),( Yu Il Kim ),( Sung Chul Lim ),( Young Chul Kim ),( Soo Hyun Kim ),( Myung G 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2015 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.120 No.-

Background: Progastrin-releasing peptide (proGRP) is a recently identified biomarker of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We aimed this study for evaluating the usefulness of automated proGRP measurement for diagnosis and treatment monitoring in patients with SCLC. Methods: From January 2011 to December 2013, plasma samples were prospectively collected from 452 [213 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 104 SCLC, 135 other diseases] patients visited for tissue diagnosis and tested by two-step automated immunoassay using the ARCHITECT proGRP assay kit (Abbott Diagnostics, USA). The cutoff level of proGRP was set at 63 pg/mL. Results: The mean proGRP was higher in SCLC (1823.0 ± 2684.0 pg/mL) than in NSCLC (61.0 ± 341.7 pg/mL) and other diseases (51.5 ± 222.6 pg/mL, p<0.001). The sensitivity of proGRP was 85.7% (90/105) in SCLC and 11.8% (25/212) in NSCLC. The specificity was 90.2%, positive predictive value was 72.5%, and negative predictive value was 95.4% in SCLC. The mean proGRP was higher in extensive disease (2158.1 ± 2980.6 pg/mL) than in limited disease (901.4 ± 1216.0 pg/mL, p=0.033). Among the 39 patients with SCLC could be followed, the mean proGRP levels of 23 responders were significantly decreased after chemotherapy (from 1651.5 ± 1386.4 pg/mL to 290.0 ± 524.8 pg/mL, p<0.001), whereas those of the 16 non-responders were not. (from 572.5 ± 790.3 pg/mL to 494.4 ± 610.9 pg/mL, p=0.583). Conclusion: Plasma proGRP could be a useful biomarker of SCLC for diagnosis and treatment monitoring. And the initial level may represent the tumor extent of SCLC.

Amelioration of inflammatory responses by <i>Socheongryong-Tang</i> , a traditional herbal medicine, in RAW 264.7 cells and rats

Park, Sang Mi,Lee, Tae Hoon,Zhao, Rongjie,Kim, Youn Sook,Jung, Ji Yun,Park, Chung A.,Jegal, Kyung Hwan,Ku, Sae Kwang,Kim, Jae Kwang,Lee, Chul Won,Kim, Young Woo,Cho, Il Je,An, Won G.,Kim, Sang Chan D.A. Spandidos 2018 International journal of molecular medicine Vol.41 No.5

<P>Socheongryong-Tang (SCRT) is a natural medicine prescription that has been mainly used in East Asia for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, including asthma and allergic rhinitis. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of SCRT on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and in a rat model of carrageenan (CA)-induced paw edema. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>) in the culture supernatant were quantified and nitric oxide (NO) production was monitored. In addition, the effect of SCRT on the protein expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was assessed by western blot analysis. Furthermore, the effects of SCRT on acute inflammation <I>in vivo</I> and changes in the histomorphometry and histopathology of paw skin were observed using CA-treated rats. SCRT (1 mg/ml) inhibited the LPS-induced changes in the protein expression of NF-κB, JNK, ERK1/2, iNOS and COX-2, as well as the production of NO, PGE<SUB>2</SUB> and cytokines. In the rat paw edema assay, administration of 1 g/kg of lyophilized powder obtained from the aqueous extracts of SCRT for 3 consecutive days inhibited the CA-induced increases in skin thickness, mast cell degranulation, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the ventral and dorsal pedis skin within 4 h. These results demonstrated that SCRT exerts its anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells through decreasing the production of inflammatory mediators, including PGE<SUB>2</SUB>, NO and cytokines, via suppression of the NF-κB and JNK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. In addition, the data of the CA-induced paw edema indicated an anti-edema effect of SCRT. SCRT (1 g/kg) reduced acute edematous inflammation through inhibition of mast cell degranulation and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Therefore, the present study provided scientific evidence for the anti-inflammatory activities of SCRT as well as the underlying mechanisms.</P>