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야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로
조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6
Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.
주의력결핍과잉행동장애와 Alpha-1C-Adrenergic 수용체 유전자와의 연관성에 대한 연구
조수철,김재원,김붕년,황준원,박미라,김순애,조대연,유희정,정운선,손정우,박태원 大韓神經精神醫學會 2008 신경정신의학 Vol.47 No.1
Objectives : Neurobiological and pharmacological research has suggested that the dysregulation of the central noradrenergic systems might be involved in the pathophysiology of ADHD. The aim of this study was to examine the association of the alpha-1C-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRA1C) with ADHD in Korean subjects. Methods : In a case-control study, we assessed 186 DSM-IV ADHD probands and 150 normal controls. One hundred and eight trios were studied in a family-based association analysis. Psychiatric diagnoses were derived through structured diagnostic interviews. For the clinical evaluation of the ADHD subjects, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ARS) and the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI) were administered. A computerized continuous performance test (CPT) was used to measure the inattention and impulsivity of the ADHD children. Results : There were no significant differences in the genotype or allele frequencies of the ADRA1C PstI polymorphism between the ADHD and control group (p>0.05). The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis observed no evidence for biased transmission of any of the alleles of the PstI polymorphism. There were no significant differences in the CPT or JTCI profiles between those ADHD subjects with the CC genotype and those with the other (CT+TT) genotypes at the PstI polymorphism. Conclusion : The results of this study do not support the ADRA1C as a major genetic susceptibility factor in ADHD.
자폐 스펙트럼 장애 청소년에서 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 유무에 따른 임상적 특성
송재원(Jae-Won Song),반건호(Geon-Ho Bahn),조인희(In-Hee Cho),조수철(Soo-Churl Cho),김붕년(Bung-Nyun Kim),신민섭(Min-Sup Shin),김재원(Jae-Won Kim),박수빈(Subin Park),홍순범(Soon-Beom Hong),유희정(Hee-Jeong Yoo) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2013 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.24 No.4
Objectives:It is known that adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often concurrently exhibit attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective of this study is to investigate how ADHD symptoms modify clinical characteristics in adolescents with ASD. Methods:Subjects were recruited from the Program for the Education Enrichment of Relational Skills program, which is a program for adolescents with ASD to promote and train social skills. The study participants and their parents completed the study questionnaires, such as the ADHD rating scale, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, and Korean version of Child Behavior Checklist. Results:Adolescents with ASD and ADHD (N=19) were found to have more impaired sociality, less open communication with their parents, and more behavioral and emotional problems compared with adolescents with ASD, and without ADHD (N=28). Conclusion:Although further research is needed, the results of our study suggest that adolescents with ASD present different clinical characteristics when comorbid with ADHD.
Relationship between Environmental Phthalate Exposure and the Intelligence of School-Age Children
Cho, Soo-Churl,Bhang, Soo-Young,Hong, Yun-Chul,Shin, Min-Sup,Kim, Boong-Nyun,Kim, Jae-Won,Yoo, Hee-Jung,Cho, In Hee,Kim, Hyo-Won National Institute of Environmental Health Science 2010 Environmental health perspectives Vol.118 No.7
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Concern over phthalates has emerged because of their potential toxicity to humans.</P><P><B>Objective</B></P><P>We investigated the relationship between the urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and children’s intellectual functioning.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>This study enrolled 667 children at nine elementary schools in five South Korean cities. A cross-sectional examination of urine phthalate concentrations was performed, and scores on neuropsychological tests were obtained from both the children and their mothers.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>We measured mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate (MEOHP), both metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), and mono-<I>n</I>-butyl phthalate (MBP), a metabolite of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), in urine samples. The geometric mean (ln) concentrations of MEHP, MEOHP, and MBP were 21.3 μg/L [geometric SD (GSD) = 2.2 μg/L; range, 0.5–445.4], 18.0 μg/L (GSD = 2.4; range, 0.07–291.1), and 48.9 μg/L (GSD = 2.2; range, 2.1–1645.5), respectively. After adjusting for demographic and developmental covariates, the Full Scale IQ and Verbal IQ scores were negatively associated with DEHP metabolites but not with DBP metabolites. We also found a significant negative relationship between the urine concentrations of the metabolites of DEHP and DBP and children’s vocabulary subscores. After controlling for maternal IQ, a significant inverse relationship between DEHP metabolites and vocabulary subscale score remained. Among boys, we found a negative association between increasing MEHP phthalate concentrations and the sum of DEHP metabolite concentrations and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children vocabulary score; however, among girls, we found no significant association between these variables.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Controlling for maternal IQ and other covariates, the results show an inverse relationship between phthalate metabolites and IQ scores; however, given the limitations in cross-sectional epidemiology, prospective studies are needed to fully explore these associations.</P>
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Children’s Intelligence at 8–11 Years of Age
Park, Subin,Cho, Soo-Churl,Hong, Yun-Chul,Kim, Jae-Won,Shin, Min-Sup,Yoo, Hee Jeong,Han, Doug Hyun,Cheong, Jae Hoon,Kim, Bung-Nyun NLM-Export 2014 Environmental health perspectives Vol.122 No.10
<P>Background: Evidence supporting a link between postnatal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and cognitive problems among children is mounting, but inconsistent.</P><P>Objectives: We examined the relationship between ETS exposure, measured using urine cotinine, and IQ scores in Korean school-aged children.</P><P>Methods: The participants were 996 children 8–11 years of age recruited from five administrative regions in South Korea. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of urinary cotinine concentrations and IQ scores obtained using the abbreviated form of a Korean version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children. Associations were adjusted for potential confounders, and estimates were derived with and without adjustment for mother’s Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) score.</P><P>Results: After adjusting for sociodemographic and developmental covariates, urinary cotinine concentrations were inversely associated with FSIQ, Verbal IQ (VIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ), vocabulary, math, and block design scores. Following further adjustment for maternal IQ, only the VIQ scores remained significantly associated with urinary cotinine concentration (B = –0.31; 95% CI: –0.60, –0.03 for a 1-unit increase in natural log-transformed urine cotinine concentration; <I>p</I> = 0.03).</P><P>Conclusion: Urine cotinine concentrations were inversely associated with children’s VIQ scores before and after adjusting for maternal IQ. Further prospective studies with serial measurements of cotinine are needed to confirm our findings.</P><P>Citation: Park S, Cho SC, Hong YC, Kim JW, Shin MS, Yoo HJ, Han DH, Cheong JH, Kim BN. 2014. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and children’s intelligence at 8–11 years of age. Environ Health Perspect 122:1123–1128; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307088</P>
Kim, Boong-Nyun,Kim, Jae-Won,Kang, Hyejin,Cho, Soo-Churl,Shin, Min-Sup,Yoo, Hee-Jeong,Hong, Soon-Beom,Lee, Dong Soo Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience] 2010 JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.35 No.5
<P>Background: Neurobiologic studies have suggested that dysregulation of central noradrenergic systems may be involved in the pathophysiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and it has been hypothesized that genetic changes in the norepinephrine pathways might contribute to dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex circuits in ADHD. We previously reported decreased cerebral blood flow in the right lateral prefrontal cortex and both orbitofrontal cortices in children with ADHD. Genetic investigations have shown that the alpha-2A-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRA2A) is associated with ADHD. Our aim was to examine whether the presence of a risk allele of the ADRA2A MspI polymorphism is associated with differences in regional cerebral blood flow in boys with ADHD. Methods: We recruited 21 Korean boys with ADHD (mean age 9.9, standard deviation [SD] 2.7 yr) and 11 age- and sex-matched controls (mean age 10.6 [SD 2.1] yr). Each participant underwent technetium-99m-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime ((99m)Tc-HMPAO) single-photon emission computed tomography. We performed image analyses with voxe-wise t statistics using SPM2. Results: We found regional hypoperfusion in the prefrontal regions, including the right orbitofrontal and right medial gyri, and the bilateral putamen and cerebellum in boys with ADHD relative to controls (p < 0.0005, uncorrected for multiple comparisons). Boys with ADHD who carried the C allele (n = 13) at the ADRA2A MspI polymorphism had reduced perfusion in the bilateral orbitofrontal regions compared with those without the C allele (n = 8) (p < 0.0005, uncorrected for multiple comparisons). Limitations: This study was limited by the small sample size, and we did not obtain genetic data from the controls. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that regional differences in cerebral perfusion in the orbitofrontal cortex represent an intermediate neuroimaging phenotype associated with the ADRA2A MspI polymorphism; these data support the validity of the noradrenergic hypothesis regarding the pathophysiology of ADHD.</P>
Park, Subin,Kim, Jae-Won,Kim, Bung-Nyun,Shin, Min-Sup,Yoo, Hee-Jeong,Cho, Soo-Churl SAGE Publications 2014 Journal of psychopharmacology Vol.28 No.7
<P>We investigated the association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) <I>Val<SUP>158</SUP>-Met</I> (rs4680) genotype and both subjective and objective treatment responses to methylphenidate in Korean children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We enrolled 120 medication-naïve children with ADHD in an open-label, 8-week trial of methylphenidate. The participants were genotyped and evaluated using the Clinical Global Impression Scale and the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS), and completed the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) before and after treatment. We found a significant association between the COMT <I>Val/Val</I> genotype and a good response, in terms of hyperactive-impulsive scores on the ADHD-RS (odds ratio (OR) = 2.61; <I>p</I> = 0.044) and response-time variability on the CPT (OR = 2.66; <I>p</I> = 0.028). The association of the COMT <I>Val/Val</I> genotype with a good response, in terms of response time variability, was significant in both the sub-sample of combined-type (OR = 3.45; <I>p</I> = 0.026) and sub-sample of inattentive-type (OR = 5.52; <I>p</I> = 0.029); but the association with a good response in terms of hyperactive-impulsive scores was not significant in sub-sample analyses. Although the reported nominally significant associations did not stay significant after correcting for multiple testing, our results support previous findings about the possible involvement of the COMT (<I>Val<SUP>158</SUP>-Met</I>) polymorphism in the treatment response to methylphenidate in children with ADHD.</P>
Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder by Subtype in a Korean Inpatient Sample
Subin Park,Soo-Churl Cho,Ohyang Kwon,Jeong-Hoon Bae,Jae-Won Kim,Min-Sup Shin,Hee-Jeong Yoo,Bung-Nyun Kim 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2015 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.26 No.4
Objectives:We compared the clinical presentations of manic and depressive episodes and the treatment response among children and adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD) types I and II and BD not otherwise specified (NOS). Methods:The sample consisted of 66 patients, aged between 6 and 18 years, who were admitted for BD to a 20-bed child and adolescent psychiatric ward in a university hospital located in Seoul, Korea. Results:Patients with BD type I were more likely to have lower intelligence quotients and exhibit violent behaviors during manic episodes than patients with BD type II or BD NOS and to show better treatment responses during manic episodes than patients with BD NOS. Patients with BD NOS were more likely to have an irritable mood rather than a euphoric mood during the manic phase than patients with BD type I or II and to exhibit violent behaviors during the depressive phase and chronic course than patients with BD type II. Conclusion:Pediatric BD patients are heterogeneous with respect to their clinical characteristics. Implications for the usefulness of the current diagnostic subtype categories should be investigated in future studies.