Development of bulk heterojunction morphology by the difference of intermolecular interaction behaviors

Cha, H.,Baek, J.Y.,An, T.K.,Kim, S.O.,Kwon, S.K.,Kim, Y.H.,Park, C.E. Elsevier Science 2014 ORGANIC ELECTRONICS Vol.15 No.12

The morphology of a bulk heterojunction can be controlled by adding a processing additive in order to improve its power conversion efficiency (PCE) in photovoltaic devices. The phase-separated morphologies of blends of PONTBT or P3HT with fullerene derivatives are systematically examined in the presence of processing additives that possess various alkane alkyl chain lengths or end-group electronegativities. We determined the morphologies of the bulk heterojunction layers by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). The photocurrent-voltage characteristics of the bulk heterojunction solar cells were found to be strongly dependent on the intermolecular interactions between the conjugated polymers, the fullerene derivatives, and the processing additives in the photoactive layer. The optimal PONTBT:fullerene derivative blend morphology was obtained with a processing additive, 1,3-diiodopropane (1,3-DIP), that possesses a short alkyl chain and an end group with weak electronegativity, and was found to exhibit a high fill factor (FF) and a high current density (J<SUB>SC</SUB>). In contrast, in blends of P3HT with the fullerene derivative, PCEs with higher FF and J<SUB>SC</SUB> values were achieved by incorporating the processing additive, 1,8-dibromooctane (1,8-DBrO), which has a long alkyl chain and a strong electronegative end group. Thus the selection of the processing additive with the aim of enhancing photovoltaic performance needs to take into account the intermolecular interaction of the conjugated polymer.

JBR(Jeju Island Bovine Rotavirus)의 Sequencing에 의한 Homology 비교에 관한 연구

이종익,谷口孝喜,김응률,류영수,박선오,송진욱,유제현,조홍찬,차광종,浦澤正三,이태협,김유성,이영건 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1998 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.19 No.-

본 연구는 PCR에 의해 로타바이러스의 serotype을 결정하고 염기배열의 유사성을 다른 지역에서 발견된 로타바이러스와 비교 분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 제주도 목장에서 송아지 설사변을 채취하여 로타바이러스를 분리 후 MA104세포에 감염시켜 세포변성 효과(CPE)를 확인하였다. 2. 전자현미경에 의해 형태학적로 로타바이러스임이 판명되었으며 형광항체법에 의해 MA104세포에 감염된 것을 재확인 하였다. 3. 제주도 송아지 로타바이러스(JBR)RNA를 PAGE에 의해 genotype를 분석한 결과 bovine특유의 4:2:3:2 pattern이지만 일반 PAGE로 분석한 결과는 NCDV, UK, KK3, A5-37, 61A, B223와 차이가 있었으며, Ns-5, Nc-5, Kawatabi(Japan)와는 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 4. Plaquing 후 titer한 결과 NCDV, UK보다는 낮은 ??PFU/ml이었다. 5. RNA-RAN hybridization과 ELISA 및 VP7과 VP4의 1차, 2차 PCR 사물을 1% agarose(EtBr 1㎕의 TAE)에서 전기영동한 결과 G6P11의 serotype이었다. 6. JBR의 P serotype이 동일하게 나타난 B223과의 비교 결과 총 JVP8 750 bases 중에서 731개의 염기가 B223과 같은 것으로 나타나 염기배열의 유사성은 97.47%로 나타났고, 아미노산 배열의 유사성은 97.57%로 나타났다. This study was carried our to identify JBR's serotype by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and to analyze homology of JBR' sequence. The results obtained in these experiments were as follows: 1. Fecal samples of calf diarrhea were taken on farms in Jeju island, rotavirus was isolated and cytopathic effect(CPE) was determined after infection to MA104 cell. 2. Morphological evaluation on electron microscopy proved it as rotavirus. Also, its infection to MA104 cell was reidentified using a fluorescence antibody method. 3. Genotype of Jeju island bovine rotavirus(JBR) analyzed thorough PAGE was 4:2:3:2 pattern, which was unique in bovine and that analyzed through general PAGE was somewhat different from NCDV, UK, KK3, A5-37, 61A, B223 and similar to Nstool-5, N cultrue-5 and Kawatabi(Japan). 4. By titration after plaquing, the level was ??PEU/ml, which was lower than those of NCDV and UK. 5. Electrophoresis analysis of RNA-RNA hybridization. ELISA, adn first and second PCR products of VP7 and VP4 in 1% agarose(TAE+1㎕ EtBr) revealed that the rotavirus was a serotype of G6P11. 6. Alignment of two(JBR and B223) amino acid sequences is 97.57% and nucleotide sequences is 97.47%.

Chemical Solution Deposition 방법을 이용한 BiFeO₃/Pb(Zr<SUB>0.52</SUB>Ti<SUB>0.48</SUB>)O₃ 다층박막의 전기적 특성에 대한 연구

차정옥(J. O. Cha),안정선(J. S. Ahn),이광배(K. B. Lee) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2010 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.19 No.1

BiFeO₃(BFO)/Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O₃(PZT) bilayer와 multilayer의 다층구조를 만들어 전기적 특성을 측정하여 같은 두께의 BFO 단층박막과 비교해 보았다. BFO와 PZT 용액을 이용하였으며 chemical solution deposition 방법으로 Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si(100) 기판위에 각 박막을 증착하였다. X-ray diffraction 분석을 통해 모든 박막이 다배향(multi-orientation) 페로브스카이트(perovskite) 구조를 가졌음을 확인하였다. BFO/PZT Bilayer와 multilayer 박막들은 BFO 단층박막의 비해 누설전류 값이 500 ㎸/㎝에서 약 4, 5차수 정도 감소했으며, 이로 인해 BFO/PZT 다층박막의 강유전체 특성이 크게 향상되었다. BFO/PZT multilayer 다층구조 박막의 경우 안정된 이력곡선(hysteresis loop)을 나타냈으며, 잔류 분극(remanent polarization)의 값은 44.3μC/㎠이었으며, 항전계(2Ec) 값은 681.4 ㎸/㎝였다. BiFeO₃/Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O₃(BFO/PZT) multilayer thin films have been prepared on a Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si(100) substrate by chemical solution deposition. BFO single layer, BFO/PZT bilayer and multilayer thin films were studied for comparison. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystal structure of all films was multi-orientated perovskite phase without amorphous and impurity phase. The leakage current density at 500 ㎸/㎝ was reduced by approximately four and five orders of magnitude by bilayer and multilayer structure films, compared with BFO single layer film. The low leakage current density leads to saturated P-E hysteresis loops of bilayer and multilayer films. In BFO/PZT multlayer film, saturated remanent polarization of 44.3μC/㎠ was obtained at room temperature at 1 ㎑ with the coercive field(2Ec) of 681.4 ㎸/㎝.

치즈 제조 부산물을 이용한 ELISA Blocking Agent의 개발에 관한 연구

유제현,송진욱,조흥찬,차광종,박범석,김응률,이종익,이중복,谷口孝喜 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1999 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.20 No.-

본 연구는 유청과 탈지분유를 blotto로 이용하여 ELISA 수행시 항원·항체반응에 비특이반응을 막는 Blocking agent를 탐색하기 위해 실험을 수행했다. MAb의 역가측정 결과 유의차가 인정되는 OD값이 0.3이상 검색된 희석배율은 1B2의 경우 819,200배, 6D4의 경우 1,638,400배, 15B10의 경우 204,800배이었다. 서로 다른 Blotto가 항원·항체반응에 미치는 영향을 각기다른 MAb를 이용하여 조사해 본 결과 MAb Yo-156, Yo-5는 Blocking agent로 표준적으로 사용하고 있는 BAS가 비교하여 group A 바이러스 7종 모두에 비슷한 정도의 발색을 일으켰으며, MAb G6는 G6 type바이러스 4종 모두에서 비슷한 정도의 발색을 일으켰고, MAb G10은 G10 type 바이러스 3종 모두에서 비슷한 정도의 발색을 일으켰다. 따라서 본 실험에 사용한 모든 종류의 blotto소재인, 탈지분유1(서울우유(협)), 탈지분유2((주)매일유업), 혼합탈지분유((주)매일유업), whey powder1(Sigma), whey powder2 ((주)삼익유가공), WPC34((주)환이상사), WPC800((주)후드피아), WPC8000 ((주)후드피아), WPI((주)환이상사)는 현재 Blocking agent로 사용하고 있는 BSA와 비교하여 유사하게 비특이 반응을 막아주는 것으로 밝혀져 경제적으로 보다 저렴한 blotto 소재로 이용이 가능하다는 사실을 확인하였다. Enzyme-Linked-Immuno-Sorbent-Assay (ELISA) has been frequently used for detection of interaction of antigen and antibody. Many efforts have been made to reduce nonspecific reaction of ELISA. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is usually used for blocking the nonspecific reaction even thought it is expensive. Recently skin milk has been focused on blocking nonspecific reaction of ELISA. This study aimed to substitute expensive blocking agent of ELISA with cheap by-product of cheese manufacture. To evaluate the substitution of BSA with wheys made in different companies, ELISA was carried out using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against rotavirus. The blocking capacity of the whey was compared with that of the BSA. The commercial wheys showed the same activity as BSA when ELISA was performed using MAb YO-156, S2-37, and Yo-5. To further investigate whether the whey affects the detection specificity of MAb, the ELISA was carried out using type specific MAbs. MAb G6 specific to serotype G6 bound to only rotavirus serotype G6 such as NCDV, UK, JBR, and Jedong strain whereas MAb G10 specific to serotype G10 bound to serotype G10 rotavirus only, demonstrating that the whey a and no effect on the binding specificity of MAb with respect to antigen-antibody reaction. These data indicate that the whey may have no effect on specific interation of antigen-antibody and may be widely used for blocking substitute because of competitive priority of its price.

EHP와 RRV의 Coinfection에 의한 Reassortants 선발에 관한 연구

유제현,조홍찬,송진욱,김유성,이영건,박선오,이종익,김응률,차광종,류영수,Harry B. Greenberg 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1998 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.19 No.-

본 연구는 두 종류의 rotavirus strain MA104 cell 상에서 동시감염시킨 후 gene이 서로 교차된 새로운 reassortants를 선발하기 위해 수행하였으며, 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. EHP T 와 RRV를 MA104 세포에 감염시켜 cytopathic effect(CPE)를 확인하였으며 확인된 virus를 수확하였다. 2. Coinfection의 mobility of infection은 각각 EHP T는 0.3(3*10?? PFU), RRV는 2.5(2.5*10?? PFU)이었다. 3. EHP T와 RRV를 coinfection하여 plaque assay에 의해 형성된 plaque들을 pick up하였다. 4. EHP T와 RRV를 동시감염시켜 얻어진 plaques를 MA104 cell에 재감염한 후 grow up하여 수확하였다. 5. Plaques를 24 Well의 MA104 cell에 감염하여 수확한 후 dsRNA를 추출하여 전기영동에 의해 26개 reassortants를 선발하였다. This study was carried out to select new reassortants whose genes were exchanged by confection of two strains. The results obtained in these experiments were as follows: 1. Cytopathic effect was checked out in the experiment in which made MA104 cells infected by EHP T (murine rotavirus) and RRV(simian rhesus rotavirus). And then the viruses were obtained from the procedure. 2. Mobility of infection(MOI) of EHP T and RRV were 0.3(3*10?? plaque forming units) and 2.5(2.5*10?? plaque forming units)respectively. 3. After coinfection of EHP T and RRV, plaques which formed in plaque assay were picked up. 4. Coinfected EHP T and RRV plaques were grown up in 24 well of MA104 cell and then grown-ups or those were obtained. 5. By polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) of dsRNA extracted above, 26 reassortants were selected.

Chemical Solution Deposition 방법을 이용한 BiFeO₃/Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃ 다층박막의 전기적 특성에 대한 연구

차정옥,안정선,이광배,Cha, J.O.,Ahn, J.S.,Lee, K.B. 한국진공학회 2010 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.19 No.1

$BiFeO_3(BFO)/Pb(Zr_{0.52}Ti_{0.48})O_3$(PZT) bilayer와 multilayer의 다층구조를 만들어 전기적 특성을 측정하여 같은 두께의 BFO 단층박막과 비교해 보았다. BFO와 PZT 용액을 이용하였으며 chemical solution deposition 방법으로 Pt/Ti/$SiO_2$/Si(100) 기판위에 각 박막을 증착하였다. X-ray diffraction 분석을 통해 모든 박막이 다배향(multi-orientation) 페로브스카이트 (perovskite) 구조를 가졌음을 확인하였다. BFO/PZT Bilayer와 multilayer 박막들은 BFO 단층박막의 비해 누설전류 값이 500 kV/cm에서 약 4, 5차수 정도 감소했으며, 이로 인해 BFO/PZT 다층박막의 강유전체 특성이 크게 향상되었다. BFO/PZT multilayer 다층구조 박막의 경우 안정된 이력곡선(hysteresis loop)을 나타냈으며, 잔류 분극(remanent polarization)의 값은 $44.3{\mu}C/cm^2$이었으며, 항전계($2E_c$) 값은 681.4 kV/cm였다. $BiFeO_3/Pb(Zr_{0.52}Ti_{0.48})O_3$(BFO/PZT) multilayer thin films have been prepared on a Pt/Ti/$SiO_2$/Si(100) substrate by chemical solution deposition. BFO single layer, BFO/PZT bilayer and multilayer thin films were studied for comparison. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystal structure of all films was multi-orientated perovskite phase without amorphous and impurity phase. The leakage current density at 500 kV/cm was reduced by approximately four and five orders of magnitude by bilayer and multilayer structure films, compared with BFO single layer film. The low leakage current density leads to saturated P-E hysteresis loops of bilayer and multilayer films. In BFO/PZT multlayer film, saturated remanent polarization of $44.3{\mu}C/cm^2$ was obtained at room temperature at 1 kHz with the coercive field($2E_c$) of 681.4 kV/cm.

원발성 간암에서 PIVKA-II 및 Lens Culinaris Agglutinin-A 반응성 Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP-L3)의 임상적 유용성

배시현,박두호,양진모,박영민,차상복,최종영,성광용,조세현,정규원,선희식,김부성,최상욱,변병훈,한남익 대한간학회 2000 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.6 No.2

Background/Aims: Des-γ-carboxy prothrombin(DCP), a protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II(PIVKA-II), and Lens culinaris agglutinin-A reactive AFP-L3 have been reported to be useful markers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, both the PIVKA-II and AFP-L3 were analyzed and compared with a conventional AFP to determine its usefulness, specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of HCC. Methods: Sera were collected from 108 patients consisting of 17 patients with chronic hepatitis, 22 patients with liver cirrhosis and 69 patients with HCC. The AFP-L3 was determined by an lectin affinity electrophoresis coupled with an antibody-affinity blotting. Level of DCP was measured by an enzyme immunoassay with an anti-DCP monoclonal antibody. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of PIVKA-II and AFP L3 were 49.3% and 89.5%, and 32.5% and 85.7%, respectively. No significant correlation was found between the PIVKA-II or AFP L3 and serum AFP. No correlation was found etween the PIVKA-II or AFP L3 and the characteristics of HCC. Conclusion: The determination of plasma DCP and AFP L3 levels combined with AFP levels may be useful especially for the differential diagnosis between HCC and chronic liver diseases without HCC.(Korean J HepatoBackground/Aims: Des-γ-carboxy prothrombin(DCP), a protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II(PIVKA-II), and Lens culinaris agglutinin-A reactive AFP-L3 have been reported to be useful markers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, both the PIVKA-II and AFP-L3 were analyzed and compared with a conventional AFP to determine its usefulness, specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of HCC. Methods: Sera were collected from 108 patients consisting of 17 patients with chronic hepatitis, 22 patients with liver cirrhosis and 69 patients with HCC. The AFP-L3 was determined by an lectin affinity electrophoresis coupled with an antibody-affinity blotting. Level of DCP was measured by an enzyme immunoassay with an anti-DCP monoclonal antibody. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of PIVKA-II and AFP-L3 were 49.3% and 89.5%, and 32.5% and 85.7%, respectively. No significant correlation was found between the PIVKA-II or AFP-L3 and serum AFP. No correlation was found etween the PIVKA-II or AFP L3 and the characteristics of HCC. Conclusion: The determination of plasma DCP and AFP-L3 levels combined with AFP levels may be useful especially for the differential diagnosis between HCC and chronic liver diseases without HCC.(Korean J Hepatol 2000;6:205-214)l 2000;6:205-214)

線形系와 2乘特性系의 結合 모델에 대한 스펙트럼 解析에 관한 硏究

李焌瑞,張宇種,金鳳珏,車京玉 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.17 No.-

This Paper describes a number of theoretical formulas to analyze the frequency domain properties of Gaussian input data passing through non-linear square-law systems. From measurement of input data and output data only, results are obtained to identify the separate frequency response functions for two models of linear systems in parallel with non-linear square-law systems. This formulas indicates also how to analyze other types of non-linear models by employing similar techniques.

고차스펙트럼 해석법을 이용한 비선형 기계적 시스템에 관한 연구

이준서,김명균,차경옥 한국공작기계학회 2000 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2000 No.-

In this paper higher order spectral techniques are applied to some simple mechanical systems. The system studied is the nonlinear magnetic beam. This is a simply supported beam, driven by an electromagnetic shaker. At the free end, pairs of repelling magnets are placed. By varying the position and number of magnets, the nature of the nonlinearity can be changed, be it skewed or symmetric, and by varying the distance between the magnets the strength of the nonlinearity can also be altered. Using this controllable system, auto higher order spectral methods are applied, assuming only a knowledge of an output signal.

腹腔內出血을 同伴한 黃體出血의 1例

李玉珠,車順道,鄭芸泳,李智宰 大韓産婦人科學會 1966 大韓産婦人科學會雜誌 Vol.9 No.8