Comparison of Single and Blend Acidifiers as Alternative to Antibiotics on Growth Performance, Fecal Microflora, and Humoral Immunity in Weaned Piglets

Ahmed, S.T.,Hwang, J.A.,Hoon, J.,Mun, H.S.,Yang, C.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.1

The banning of the use of antibiotics as feed additive has accelerated investigations of alternative feed additives in animal production. This experiment investigated the effect of pure citric acid or acidifier blend supplementation as substitute for antibiotic growth promoters on growth performance, fecal microbial count, and humoral immunity in weaned piglets challenged with Salmonella enterica serover Typhimurium and Escherichia coli KCTC 2571. A total of 60 newly weaned piglets (crossbred, 28-d-old; average 8 kg initial weight) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments included NC (negative control; basal diet), PC (positive control; basal diet+0.002% apramycin), T1 (basal diet+0.5% pure citric acid), and T2 (basal diet+0.4% acidifier blend). All piglets were orally challenged with 5 mL of culture fluid containing $2.3{\times}10^8$ cfu/mL of E. coli KCTC 2571 and $5.9{\times}10^8$ cfu/mL of S. typhimurium at the beginning of the experiment. The PC group showed the highest ADG and ADFI, whereas gain:feed was improved in the PC and T1 group (p<0.05). All dietary treatments showed significant reduction in fecal counts of Salmonella and E. coli, compared to NC (p<0.05), with PC being better than T1 and T2. Significant elevation in fecal Lactobacillus spp. counts was shown by treatments with T1, T2, and PC, whereas Bacillus spp. counts were increased by treatment with T1 and T2 compared to NC and PC diet (p<0.05). Serum IgG concentration was increased by T1 diet (p<0.05), whereas IgM and IgA were not significantly affected by any of the dietary treatments (p>0.05). From these above results, it can be concluded that, as alternatives to antibiotics dietary acidification with pure citric acid or acidifiers blend did not fully ameliorate the negative effects of microbial challenges in respect of growth performance and microbial environment, however improved immunity suggested further research with different dose levels.

Effects of Resveratrol and Essential Oils on Growth Performance, Immunity, Digestibility and Fecal Microbial Shedding in Challenged Piglets

Ahmed, S.T.,Hossain, M.E.,Kim, G.M.,Hwang, J.A.,Ji, H.,Yang, C.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.5

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of resveratrol and essential oils from medicinal plants on the growth performance, immunity, digestibility, and fecal microbial shedding of weaned piglets. A total of 48 weaned piglets (8 kg initial weight, 28-d-old) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with 3 replications of 4 piglets each. The dietary treatments were NC (negative control; basal diet), PC (positive control; basal diet+0.002% apramycin), T1 (basal diet+0.2% resveratrol), and T2 (basal diet+0.0125% essential oil blend). All piglets were orally challenged with 5 ml culture fluid containing $2.3{\times}10^8$ cfu/ml of Escherichia coli KCTC 2571 and $5.9{\times}10^8$ cfu/ml Salmonella enterica serover Typhimurium. The PC group (p<0.05) showed the highest average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the experimental period, although feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved in the T1 group (p>0.05). Serum IgG level was increased in the T1 group, whereas TNF-${\alpha}$ levels was reduced in the supplemented groups compared to control (p<0.05). The PC diet improved the dry matter (DM) digestibility, whereas PC and T2 diets improved nitrogen (N) digestibility compared to NC and T1 diets (p<0.05). Fecal Salmonella and E. coli counts were reduced in all treatment groups compared to control (p<0.05). Fecal Lactobacillus spp. count was increased in the T2 group compared to others (p<0.05). Dietary treatments had no significant effect on fecal Bacillus spp. count throughout the entire experimental period. Based on these results, resveratrol showed strong potential as antibiotic alternatives for reversing the adverse effects of weaning stress on growth performance, immunity and microbial environment in E. coli and Salmonella-challenged piglets.

사료급여방법이 제주재래마의 체성장 및 도체품질에 미치는 영향

오운용(W . Y . Oh),강태홍(T . H . Kang),김동철(D . C . Kim),진신흠(S . H . Jin),홍성귀(S . K . Hong),양승주(S . J . Yang),정재홍(J . H . Jung) 한국축산학회 1993 한국축산학회지 Vol.35 No.6

Nine Cheju Native Horses with an average weight of 169.2㎏ were used in a 238-d (34-wk) fattening trial designed to evaluate the effects of feeding method on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Horses were randomly alloted to three treatment groups: T₁ 6-wk (Former fattening period: FFP) + 28-wk (Latter fattening period: LFP), T₂, 9-wk (FFP) + 25-wk (LFP), T₃, 12-wk (FFP) + 22-wk (LFP). During the FFP, concentrate was restricted at approximately l.5% of their body weights but horses were allowed ad libitum access to concentrate during the subsequent LFP. The horses were individually penned in 2.5-m×3-m pipe stalls with front feeding gates. They were allowed 3 h of exercise in a pen (50-m×30-m) outside the barn monthly. Horses were weighed at 30-d intervals and feed consumption was measured daily. At the end of the 238-d fattening period, one horse in each treatment was selected randomly and slaughtered for meat quality evaluation. Results obtained from the present study were summarized as follows; during the overall fattening period, average daily gains (ADG) and nutrient intake (TDN) per ㎏ wt, gain were 0.59, 5.10(T₁), 0.51, 5.84(T₂) and 0.43, 6.37㎏(T₂), respectively. When horses were allowed ad libitum access to concentrate for 28 wk(T₁), ADG and feed efficiency(TDN) were improved by 37%(P$gt;.05) and20%(P$gt;.05)compared to those allowed concentrate free choice for 22 wk(T₃). Horse in T, group had an improved dressing percentage and carcass weight with good quality grades(intramuscular fat, meat color, fat color). Taste panelists(150 amateures) detected no difference from longissimus lumborum steaks between Cheju Native Horse and improved Cheju Native Cattle, but found juiciness and meat flavor were superior to those of beef.

돈 분뇨 액비에 미생물 첨가가 배추의 발아지수에 미치는 영향

김태일,유용희,정의수,양창범,김민균,Kim, T. I.,Yoo, Y. H.,Chung, E. S.,Barroga, Antonio J.,Yang, C. B.,Kim, M. K. 한국축산환경학회 2005 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.11 No.2

본 연구는 돈 분뇨 액비에 미생물 첨가가 배추의 발아지수에 미치는 효과를 구명하기 위해서 수행하였다. 돈 분뇨 액비는 107일 동안 폭기와 무폭기 상태로 액상비료를 제조하여 공시하였고 미생물 첨가는 $0.05\%,\;0.1\%,\;0.2\%,\;0.3\%$ 수준으로 하였다. $0.05\%$ 미생물 접종 처리구에서 식물 독성이 낮고 발아지수가 높게 나타났다. 첨가수준별 돈분 액비 이용시험에서 초기 돈 슬러리의 액비성상은 T-N 2,873 ppm, T-P 753 ppm, $NH_4-N$ 1,441.6 ppm, $NO_3-N$ 16.48ppm으로 50일이 되면서 폭기조건에서 T-N 3,672 ppm, T-P 164 ppm, $NH_4-N$ 183.87 ppm, $NO_3-N$ 21.97 ppm로 변화하였으며, 무폭기 조건에서 T-N 1,261 ppm, T-P 68 ppm, $NH_4-N$ 161 ppm, $NO_3-N$ 16.87 ppm로 나타났다. 미생물을 처리하지 않고 107일동안 폭기조건과 무폭기 조건으로 액비화한 시료의 발아지수는 각각 83과 40.4이였다. 돈 분뇨 액비를 무산소 제조시 $40\%$ 이상, 호기제조시 $50\%$ 이상의 발아지수가 개선되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 액비제조 처리가 무산소 제조보다는 호기제조 처리가 작물에 양호한 것으로 판단되어지며 이는 호기처리시 총질소의 함량을 높게 유지할 수 있도록 하는 결과인 것으로 사료된다. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Synechocystis sp. KACC 91007 when added to a pig slurry or pig liquid fertilizer (PLF) on germination index (GI) of Chinese cabbage. The preliminary experiment involved the screening of inoculant levels which were; 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and $0.3\%$, respectively. The $0.05\%$ level of inoculant was selected based on low phytotoxicity and high GI.. The PLF underwent a 107 day aerobic and anoxic processing conditions. The T-N, T-P, $NH_4$, and $NO_3-N$ concentrations of the untreated pig slurry were; 2,873, 753, 1,441.6, and 16.48 ppm, respectively. Using aerobic processing treatment, the fertilizer value of the PLF was 3,672, 164, 183.87, and 21.97 ppm, respectively. In contrast, the fertilizer value of the PLF processed under anoxic condition was reduced to 1,261, 68, 161, and 16.87 ppm. The GI value of the untreated PLF under aerobic and anoxic processing condition was 83 and $40.4^{*}\%$, respectively. With the addition of the $0.05\%$ microbial inoculant, the GI improved by more than 40 and $50\%$ respectively, when the PLF was processed under anoxic and aerobic conditions. The above findings proved that the aerobic processing of PLF for 107 days was better than anoxic and yielded higher T-N which is a macro-nutrient fertilizer material. Consequently, the addition of $0.05\%$ microbial inoculant resulted to a higher GI of the Chinese cabbage specifically under aerobic processing condition.

Encephalomyocarditis Virus 표면항원의 단일항체 생산세포주의 크론과 이의 면역학 및 생화학적 연구(Ⅱ)

양종대,박종수,이영탁,김화영,김영래,이인수,조영준,박재윤,차종희,윤지원,고광삼 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1987 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.12 No.1

To see whether there is any differencies in RNA dependent DNA polymerase activities between monoclonal antibody-producing hydridoma cells and non-producing hybridoma cells, Balb/c female mice were immunized with the purified viral surface protein of D-variant of encephalomyocarditis virus and then fused with myeloma cells (NR-1). After cloring, monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma cell lines were separated from non-producing hydridoma cell lines. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities were measured in the supernatant of monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma clones and non-producing hybr idoma clones, and myeloma cells as control, Monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma cells showed statistically significant higher activity as compar compare to that of nonproducing hybridoma cells. To find whether RNA-dependent DNA polymerase releasing cells aware secreting or budding C-type virus particles, those cells were examined with electron microscope. The hybridoma cell which secrete large amount of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase shows significant number of extracellular C-type virus particles. In constrast, non-producing hydridoma cells contains a lot of intracellular C-type virus particles. It is concluded that monoclonal antibody-producing hydridoma cells released particles. It is concluded that monoclonal antibody-producing hydridoma cells released significant amount of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase land extracellular C-type virus particles, while non-producing hydridoma cells showed less release of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and contains intracellular C-type virus particles.

A tubing shaped, flexible thermal energy harvester based on a carbon nanotube sheet electrode

Yang, H.D.,Tufa, L.T.,Bae, K.M.,Kang, T.J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 Carbon Vol.86 No.-

A tubing-shaped, flexible electrochemical thermal energy harvester (thermocell), which can be wound around various types of waste heat sources, was fabricated. The thermocell utilizes the temperature dependence of the ferri/ferrocyanide (Fe(CN)<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>3-</SUP>/Fe(CN)<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>4-</SUP>) redox potential, providing a thermoelectric coefficient of ~1.4mV/K. A highly porous carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet, which is wrapped onto a thin platinum (Pt) wire, was used as an electrode for the redox reaction. The electrode performance was examined by comparing the output powers from the thermocells using a bare Pt wire and CNT sheet wound electrodes. The CNT sheet electrode showed a higher output power from 8.5 to 15.6μW, and the short-circuit current density (j<SUB>sc</SUB>) was increased ~1.8 times compared to that of the Pt wire electrode. The performance of the CNT sheet based thermocell was examined according to the winding number of the CNT sheet, the temperature difference between the two electrodes and the operating temperature. The series connection of the thermocells, to demonstrate the voltage and power scaling, was also examined with an understanding of the primary internal resistance that limits the output electrical power.

Extracellular vesicle-derived protein from Bifidobacterium longum alleviates food allergy through mast cell suppression

Kim, J.H.,Jeun, E.J.,Hong, C.P.,Kim, S.H.,Jang, M.S.,Lee, E.J.,Moon, S.J.,Yun, C.H.,Im, S.H.,Jeong, S.G.,Park, B.Y.,Kim, K.T.,Seoh, J.Y.,Kim, Y.K.,Oh, S.J.,Ham, J.S.,Yang, B.G.,Jang, M.H. Mosby 2016 The journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol.137 No.2

<P>Background: The incidence of food allergies has increased dramatically during the last decade. Recently, probiotics have been studied for the prevention and treatment of allergic disease. Objective: We examined whether Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 and Enterococcus faecalis KACC 91532 have the capacity to suppress food allergies. Methods: B longum KACC 91563 and E faecalis KACC 91532 were administered to BALB/c wild-type mice, in which food allergy was induced by using ovalbumin and alum. Food allergy symptoms and various immune responses were assessed. Results: B longum KACC 91563, but not E faecalis KACC 91532, alleviated food allergy symptoms. Extracellular vesicles of B longum KACC 91563 bound specifically tomast cells and induced apoptosis without affecting T-cell immune responses. Furthermore, injection of family 5 extracellular solute-binding protein, a main component of extracellular vesicles, into micemarkedly reduced the occurrence of diarrhea in a mouse food allergy model. Conclusion: B longum KACC 91563 induces apoptosis of mast cells specifically and alleviates food allergy symptoms. Accordingly, B longum KACC 91563 and family 5 extracellular solute-binding protein exhibit potential as therapeutic approaches for food allergies.</P>

대학생들의 건강에 대한 인식 : 의료, 비의료 관련학과를 중심으로

김태영,양지영,이지연,이혜수,조은수,최기쁨,최희원,한보영 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2012 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.46

Purpose: This study has been done to use as basic information for health training program through surveying the perception level for health focusing on medical and non-medical students, and to compare and analyze knowledge, attitude and conduct toward health among them. Method: This study’s investigated by selecting 4 universities in Seoul to look into not only the difference for the perception level for health between medical and non-medical major but the difference of that between male and female. Sampling is 135 of medical-related university and 145 of non-medical. Analyzed by t-test using SPSS 19.0. Result: There isn’t a distinct difference among them in health behavior on the whole but medical-related students showed high score in safety education, environmental health, exercise and individual habit of hygiene. In attitude for health, it showed clear distinction in every areas. Overall, it shows remarkable contrast in knowledge for health. Medical-related students showed high score in consumer health, nutrition, weight-control, exercise and individual habit of hygiene. Conclusion: Results in comparison of the level of living, manner and knowledge level for health between medical and non-medical majors didn’t show any difference in the level of living for health and showed clear distinction in attitude and knowledge.

Fabrication and device characterization of potassium fluoride solution treated CZTSSe solar cell

Rana, T.R.,Kim, J.,Sim, J.H.,Yang, K.J.,Kim, D.H.,Kang, J.K. Elsevier 2017 Current Applied Physics Vol.17 No.10

<P>Post deposition treatment (PDT) for Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)(4) (CZTSSe) was carried out by simply dipping the absorber into the KF solution at 80 degrees C. The dipping time of absorber in KF solution was found to be crucial to device parameters of CZTSSe solar cell. The K-doping improved the solar cell efficiency from 4.4% to 7.6% by 1 min dipping whereas the longer than 5 min dipping solar cells showed distorted kink J-V curves. The activation energy of CZTSSe solar cell was increased upto 1 min KF treatment from 0.83 eV to 0.92 eV which indicates interface recombination is reduced significantly. However, the activation energies of 5 min and 10 min dipping solar cells were found to be 0.81 eV and 0.63 eV where dominant recombination was interface recombination. Furthermore, trap energies of 49 meV and 298 meV of pristine CZTSSe solar cell were modified to 33 meV and 117 meV for 1 min treated CZTSSe solar cell. Trap energies of 5 min were calculated to be 112 meV and 147 meV. The proper KF doping passivated the shallow as well as deep defects of CZTSSe solar cell which is reflected in photovoltaic performances directly. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Caspase-mediated cleavage and DNase activity of the translation initiation factor 3, subunit G (eIF3g)

Kim, J.T.,Lee, S.J.,Kim, B.Y.,Lee, C.H.,Yeom, Y.I.,Choe, Y.K.,Yoon, D.Y.,Chae, S.K.,Kim, J.W.,Yang, Y.,Lim, J.S.,Lee, H.G. North-Holland Pub ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2013 FEBS letters Vol.587 No.22

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 is composed of 13 subunits (eIF3a through eIF3m) and plays an essential role in translation. During apoptosis, several caspases rapidly down-regulate protein synthesis by cleaving eIF4G, -4B, -3j, and -2α. In this study, we found that the activation of caspases by cisplatin in T24 cells induces the cleavage of subunit G of the eIF3 complex (eIF3g). The cleavage site (SLRD<SUP>220</SUP>G) was identified, and we found that the cleaved N-terminus was translocated to the nucleus, activating caspase-3, and that it also showed a strong DNase activity. These data demonstrate the important roles of eIF3g in the translation initiation machinery and in DNA degradation during apoptosis.