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≪설문해자(說文解字)≫ ‘鬼’ 부수 한자(漢字)와 고대 중국의 귀문화(鬼文化)
이인경 ( Lee¸ Inkyung ) 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2021 中國學論叢 Vol.- No.73
This article takes “Shuowen Jiezi (说文解字)” as the center, refers to oracle bone inscriptions and documents, investigates Chinese characters related to “Ghost (鬼)” from a social and cultural perspective, and tries to understand the ancient Chinese culture reflected in Chinese characters. Until the Han Dynasty. This is because Chinese characters are the product of a long history and a cultural accumulation of love, so we can examine ancient Chinese culture and its specific content through Chinese characters related to “Ghost (鬼)”. Before analyzing the Chinese characters related to “Ghost (鬼)”, the concept of the unity of ghosts and gods originated from the belief in ghosts in primitive society. The separation of “Ghost (鬼)” and “God (神)” was based on the rise of human culture and the establishment of sects. The legal system and the changes and development of ghost culture Look. “Shuowen Jiezi” This research classifies Chinese characters with the word “Ghost(鬼)” based on people’s psychology of ghosts, that is, worship and fear. “䰠” and “□” are related to the worship of ghosts and gods in ancient China. “䰠” reflects the concept of the unity of ghosts and gods in ancient China. Chinese characters related to ghosts that are related to fear and fear are divided into the appearance and characteristics of ghosts, evil spirits that hurt people, and people’s reactions to ghosts. “䰧”, “□”, and “鬾” all represent the image of human beings, while “魑”, “鬽(魅)” and “魋” are not ordinary human figures, but animal forms or objects. These are Chinese characters that represent the transformation of gods. “䰰” and “□” are Chinese characters, which do not directly describe the appearance, but use “ghost sound” and “free transformation image” to describe the image of “Ghost (鬼)”. “魃”, “䰡” and “魖” are evil spirits that represent evil spirits hurting people. Drought ghosts “魃” and “䰡” used ferociousness to harm people, and “魖” wasted property and caused economic losses, reflecting the ancient Chinese people’s unwillingness to lose and suffer. “醜”, “□”, and “魇” are Chinese characters that represent the image of “Ghost (鬼)”. Their appearance is annoying, and they are shocked and screamed in the face of it. People’s reactions to “Ghost (鬼)” are included as they are, so we can guess the ancient Chinese people’s psychology to “Ghost (鬼)”.
Inkyung Hwang(Inkyung Hwang),Byungmin Lee(Byungmin Lee) 서울대학교 교육종합연구원 2023 The SNU Journal of Education Research Vol.32 No.2
The present investigation endeavors to assess the L2 oral reading fluency and comprehension abilities of Korean EFL middle school students in the context of the Korean national curriculum. Sixty-one eighth-grade students participated in the study, which involved oral reading and comprehension tests using second-year middle school English materials. Informal reading assessments were also conducted to evaluate the students' English word reading accuracy, automaticity, and prosody, and L2 oral reading fluency was determined from these measures. The results showed that only 30% of the students were capable of reading independently, while the remaining students encountered difficulties. A significant correlation was found between L2 oral reading fluency and L2 reading comprehension. The findings of this study provide valuable contributions to the field of Korean English education and hold implications for both L2 reading instruction and research.
Inkyung Sohn(손인경),Nam Soo Han(한남수),Yoo Seob Shin(신유섭),Jang Hee Kim(김장희):Chul-Ho Kim(김철호) 대한두경부종양학회 2011 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.27 No.1
목 적 두경부 암은 발생 순위에서 전체 6위에 해당하는 다빈도 암이나 최근 20여년 동안의 노력에도 불구하고 두경부 암의 독톡한 특성상 생존률에서 뚜렷한 향상을 보이지 못하고 있다. 특히, 하인두 암은 원발 부위의 점막하 침윤이 흔하며, 주변 림프절 전이와 원격 전이가 흔하고, 2차 원발 암종 발생이 흔하여 두경부 암 중에서도 가장 불량한 예후를 보이고 있는 악성 종양이다. 최근에 이러한 암을 치료하고 진단하기 위한 방법으로 분자생물학적 접근법들이 많이 시도 되고 있으며, 그 중 하나로 N-myc downstream regulated gene-1(Ndrg-1)이라는 유전자가 유방, 전 립선, 방광암 등의 타 악성 종양에서 종양의 전이 및 진행 양상과 관련되어 있다는 보고가 있었다. 이에 본 연구는 하인두 암에서의 Ndrg-1의 발현 양상을 살펴보고 이와 임상 양상과의 연관관계를 살펴보고자 하였다. 방 법 1996년부터 2003년까지 수술 받은 하인두 암 환자 56명을 대상으로 면역조직화학검사를 시행하여 Ndrg-1 발현 을 확인하였고, 3명의 신선 조직을 대상으로 RT-PCR, Western blot을 시행하였다. 결 과 Ndrg-1은 RT-PCR에서 정상 조직과 악성종양 조직 모두에서 비슷한 수준으로 발현되었다. 그러나 Western blot 에서는 정상 조직에서 뚜렷한 증가 양상을 보여 타 연구와 동일한 결과를 보였고, 이는 불필요하며 비효율적인 mRNA수준에서의 발현이 있지만 최종적인 단백 산물 발현에서는 암종의 진행과 연계되어 악성 종양 진행군에서 발현이 억제되는 결과로 해석된다. 면역조직화학검사에서는 정상 상피조직에서 Ndrg-1 발현이 확인되었으며, 통계적으로 유의하지는 않으나 불량한 예후를 가진 그룹에서 대체로 발현이 억제되는 악성 종양과의 역 연관 관계를 확인할 수 있었고, 특히 림프절 전이를 보인 그룹과 그렇지 않은 그룹 사이에서는 통계적으로 유의미한 결과가 확인되었다. 결 론 즉, 림프절 전이가 없는 그룹에서 Ndrg-1이 종양의 전이에 관여할 것이라는 타 연구와 일관된 결과로 하인두 암에서도 그 역할이 있음을 나타내는 결과라 할 수 있다.
Inkyung Park,Seong Min Oh,Kyung Hwa Lee,Soohyun Kim,Jeong Eun Jeon,Ha Young Lee,Sehyun Jeon,Seog Ju Kim,Yu Jin Lee 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.3
Objective: This study was performed to investigate the associations of life event stress with impulsivity, anxiety, and depressed mood as a function of the presence of a sleep disturbance. Methods: In total, 214 participants (age 38.96±10.53 years; 111 females) completed self-report questionnaires, including the Life Experience Survey (LES), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Barratt’s Impulsivity Scale (BIS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The presence of a sleep disturbance was defined as a PSQI score >5. Results: In total, 127 participants presented with a sleep disturbance (age 39.33±10.92 years; 64 females), whereas the remaining 87 did not (age 38.43±9.97 years; 47 females). Negative LES scores were significantly correlated with BIS (r=0.22, p=0.001), BAI (r=0.46, p< 0.001), and BDI (r=0.51, p<0.001) scores, and PSQI scores were significantly correlated with BAI (r=0.49, p<0.001) and BDI (r=0.60, p< 0.001) scores. Moderation analysis revealed statistically significant interactions between negative LES scores and the presence of a sleep disturbance on BIS (p=0.044) and BDI (p=0.014) but not on BAI (p=0.194) scores. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that life event stress has varying degrees of influence on mental health, especially impulsivity and depressed mood, depending on the presence or absence of a sleep disturbance.