Adult invasive pneumococcal disease in the Republic of Korea: Risk medical conditions and mortality stratified by age group

Kim, Jong Hun,Baik, Seung Hee,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Hyo Youl,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Choi, Won Suk,Jo, Yu Mi,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kim, Yeon-Sook,Kim, Jeong Elsevier 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES Vol.74 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>This study aimed to characterize the risk factors for mortality in adult patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) stratified by age groups, after implementation of the national immunization program of 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for those aged ≥65 years in the Republic of Korea (ROK).</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Clinical data and pneumococcal isolates from adult patients with IPD (≥18 years of age) were collected prospectively from 20 hospitals through the nationwide surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>A total of 319 patients with IPD were enrolled. Median age was 69 years. Overall in-hospital mortality was 34.2%: 17.1% in those aged 18–49 years, 23.7% in those aged 50–64 years, 33.0% in those aged 65–74 years, and 51.0% in those aged ≥75 years (<I>p<</I> 0.001). In particular, early death within 7days of hospitalization accounted for 60.6% (66/109). While old age (≥65 years), higher Pitt bacteremia score (≥4), and bacteremic pneumonia were independently associated with IPD mortality in all age groups, an additional mortality risk factor of immunocompromised status was identified for patients aged 50–64 years. PPSV23 serotypes accounted for 64.4% (122/189) of the pneumococcal isolates serotyped.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study suggests that vaccine-type IPD continues to place a substantial burden on older adults in the ROK, necessitating an effective vaccination strategy for those at higher risk.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization of the elderly with the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) was implemented in Korea in 2013. </LI> <LI> Overall in-hospital mortality was 34.2% for adult invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and 51.0% for patients ≥75 years of age. </LI> <LI> Mortality risks were older age, higher bacteremia score, and immunocompromised status. </LI> <LI> An effective vaccination strategy for those at higher risk of IPD is needed. </LI> </UL> </P>

만성 궤양성 대장염의 추적관찰 - 단기적 치료 반응 및 재발율을 중심으로

장동경(Dong Kyung Chang),이국래(Kook Lae Lee),김재규(Jae Gyu Kim),김용태(Yong Tae Kim),정현채(Hyun Chae Jung),송인성(In Sung Song),최규완(Kyoo Wan Choi),김정룡(Chung Young Kim),박재갑(Jae Gahb Park),이풍렬(Poong Lyul Rhee),최상운(Sa 대한소화기학회 1994 대한소화기학회지 Vol.26 No.6

N/A Our retrospective study on 240 cases with chronic ulcerative colitis in Seoul National Uni- versity Hospital spanning from January,1975 to December,1993 revealed the following results. According to the extent of disease, there was 27.5% in proctitis, which was more frequent than that of the previous domestic reports, 15.8% in distal, 22.9% in left and 31.7% in exten- sive colitis. According to the severity of disease, there was 47.5% in mild, 32.9% in moderate and 19.6% in severe disease. There was a positive correlation between severity and extent of disease. The extraintestinal complications were not related with the extent, or severity. Howev- er 3 cases(1.3%) of toxic megacolon appeared in moderate or severe extensive colitis, one of which progressed to perforation. Two cases(0.8%) of mortality were noticed, one caused by perforation, the other by operation related complication. There was not a single case of colon cancer developed during follow up period. Most cases showed excellent short term response to medical treatment; the symptomatic remission rates were 90.3%, 85.7%, 72.9% and 58.9% in order of proctitis, distal, left and extensive colitis, and the endoscopic remission rates were 78.8%, 50.0%, 59.1% and 30.0% respectively. Higher remission rates corresponded with lower extent of the disease. According to the severity, the symptomatic remission rates of milder dis- ease were significantly higher. The cumulative relapse rates were 38.7% in 1 year, 62.4% in 2 years, 73.3% in 3 years and 81.9% in 5 years, which were not related to the extent but in- creased according to the severity. The cumulative operation rates were 5.0% in 1 year, 7.6% in 2 years, 10.2% in 3 years and 15.9% in 6 years. The emergency operation accounted for only 22.2% of all operation and the others were elective ones. The most frequent indication of surgery was medical intractability which was determined after mean 35 days of intensive med- ical therapy. We concluded that severity and extent of ulcerative colitis had predictive value of the responses to medical treatment or relapses, furthermore despite the high relapse rates, medical therapy was the first line treatment because of its high remission rates on a short- term base. (Korean J Gastroenterol 1994; 26: 907 918)

In2O3-Based Micro Gas Sensor for Detecting NOx Gases

김범준,In-Gyu Song,김정식 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.2

In this study, NOx micro gas sensors for monitoring the indoor atmosphere of automobile were fabricated using MEMS (microelectromechanical system) technology and a sol-gel process. The sensing electrode and micro heater were designed to have a co-planar typed structure in a Pt thin film layer. The thermal characteristics of a micro heater array were analyzed using a finite element method (FEM). The chip size of the gas sensor was approximately 2 mm × 2 mm. Indium oxide as a sensing material for NOx gas was synthesized by a sol-gel process with indium isopropoxide as a precursor. Field emission Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction showed that particle size of the synthesized In2O3 was approximately 17 - 45 nm. The maximum gas sensitivity as the relative resistance (Rs = Rgas/Rair) was observed at 275°C with a value of 8.0 at 1 ppm NO2 gas. The response (80% saturation) and recovery times were within 1 min. The sensing properties of NO2 gas exhibited linear behavior with increasing gas concentration. The sensing mechanism of the gas sensor was explained by the variations in the electron depletion layers and the adsorption of gas molecules on the In2O3 particle surface. These results suggest that in the future, MEMS-based gas sensors can be used as automotive-exhaust-gas sensors.

Carrier Tracking Loop using the Adaptive Two-Stage Kalman Filter for High Dynamic Situations

Kwang-Hoon Kim,Gyu-In Jee,Jong-Hwa Song 대한전기학회 2008 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.6 No.6

In high dynamic situations, the GPS carrier tracking loop requires a wide bandwidth to track a carrier signal because the Doppler frequency changes more rapidly with time. However, a wide bandwidth allows noises within the bandwidth of the tracking loop to pass through the loop filter. As these noises are used in the numerical controlled oscillator (NCO), the carrier tracking loop of a GPS receiver shows a degraded performance in' high dynamic situations. To solve this problem, an adaptive two-stage Kalman filter, which offers the NCO a less noisy phase error, can be used. This filter is based on a carrier phase dynamic model and can adapt to an incomplete dynamic model and a quickly changed Doppler frequency. The performance of the proposed tracking loop is verified by several simulations.

The clinical and economic burden of communityonset complicated skin and skin structure infections in Korea

Yong Kyun Cho,Heung Jeong Woo,Shin-Woo Kim,In-Gyu Bae,Young Goo Song,Hee Jin Cheong,Hyuck Lee,Sang Hoon Han,Hee Jung Choi,Chisook Moon,Seong Yeol Ryu,Jian Hur,Jacob Lee,Yu Mi Jo,Young Joo Kim 대한내과학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.35 No.6

Background/Aims: To investigate epidemiologic characteristics, clinical and economic burdens, and factors associated with mortality in complicated skin and skin structure infection (cSSSI) patients in Korea. Methods: A retrospective, observational, nationwide study was conducted between April to July 2012 at 14 tertiary-hospitals in Korea. Eligible patients were hospitalized adults with community acquired cSSSI, who underwent surgical intervention and completed treatment between November 2009 and October 2011. Data on demography, clinical characteristics, outcomes and medical resource utilization were collected through medical record review. Direct medical costs were calculated by multiplying quantities of resources utilized by each unit price in Korea. Results: Of 473 patients enrolled, 449 patients (except 24 patients with no record on surgical intervention) were eligible for analysis. Microbiological testing was performed on 66.1% of patients and 8.2% had multiple pathogens. Among culture confirmed pathogens (n = 297 patients, 340 episodes), 76.2% were gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus; 41.2%) and 23.8% were gram-negative. The median duration of hospital stay was 16 days. Among treated patients, 3.3% experienced recurrence and 4.2% died in-hospital. The mean direct medical costs amounted to $4,195/ person, with the greatest expenses for hospitalization and antibiotics. The in-hospital mortality and total medical costs were higher in combined antibiotics therapy than monotherapy (p < 0.05). Charlson’s comorbidity index ≥ 3, standardized early warning scoring ≥ 4, sub-fascia infections and combined initial therapy, were all found to be associated with higher mortality. Conclusions: Korean patients with community-onset cSSSI suffer from considerable clinical and economic burden. Efforts should be made to reduce this burden through appropriate initial treatment.

施肥量 Yacon의 生育 및 收量에 미치는 效果

李喆浩,崔周鎬,송인규 진주산업대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.36 No.-

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the amount of fertilizer on the growth and yield characters of yacon(Polymnia sonchifolia POEPP) and to establish the cultivation method. An introduced variety of yacon was used. Seeding dates were from April 5 to April 7, and seedlings were transplanted on May 25. Planting density was 80㎝(width)×45㎝(distance). The minimal amounts of fertilizers of N-P-K were 3.5-5.0-3.5㎏/10a. And twice, three times and four times as much as the minimal amounts were applicated. The results were summarized as follows. 1. As the amounts of fertilizer were increased, plant height, leaf width, no. of leavesm no. of nodes, stem diameter and fresh weight of top part increased but leaf length was not different among treatments. 2. Tuber yield was highest in the 10.5-15.0-10.5㎏/10a treatment, whose total yield increased because of the heavy amount of fertilizer, and yield of commercial goods was highest in 7.0-10.0-7.0㎏/10a treatment(36.9%). 3. Plant height(r=0.973^**), leaf width(r=0.968^**), no. of leaves(r=0.994^**), and no. of nodes(r=0.949^**) had higher positive correlation with tuber yield, respectively.

유전율 이방성이 음인 액정을 이용한 Fringe-field Switching Mode의 Authentic-color 특성

송제훈,최윤석,문대규,한정인,이승희,Song, Je-Hoon,Choi, Yoon-Seok,Moon, Dae-Gyu,Han, Jeong-In,Lee, Seung-Hee 한국전기전자재료학회 2004 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.17 No.6

We have studied color tracking of a fringe-field driven homogenously aligned nematic liquid crystal (LC) cell with negative dielectric anisotropy and compared it with other devices such as the twisted nematic(TN) and in-plane switching(IPS) modes. According to studies, the TN device shows bluish color at grey scale and even at a low retardation cell it cannot avoid color tracking. The authentic IPS device having cell retardation value of 0.23 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ also shows bluish white color. However, the FFS device shows excellent color tracking characteristics even at high retardation value of the cell while keeping high transmittance and greenish white.

Role of aquaporin 3 in development, subtypes and activation of dendritic cells

Song, Min-Gyu,Hwang, Seung-Young,Park, Joo-In,Yoon, Sik,Bae, Hae-Rahn,Kwak, Jong-Young Elsevier 2011 Molecular immunology Vol.49 No.1

<P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► Aquaporin 3 (AQP3) is highly expressed in dendritic cells (DCs). ► CD103 expression was increased in the splenic CD8<SUP>+</SUP> DCs from AQP3 knock-out mice. ► HgCl<SUB>2</SUB> but not AQP3 depletion inhibited the uptake of albumin by DCs. ► LPS-induced decrease of CD103<SUP>+</SUP> dermal DCs was impaired in AQP3 knock-out mice.</P> <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Dendritic cells (DCs) uptake soluble antigens and large volumes of fluid through macropinocytosis and migrate for antigen presentation. Aquaporin 3 (AQP3), a water and glycerol transporting protein, is highly expressed in immature DCs. To elucidate the role of AQP3 in DC function, we investigated subtype and activation of DCs in AQP3 knock-out (AQP3<SUP>−/−</SUP>) mice. Depletion of AQP3 did not affect the development of bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) by GM-CSF or the Flt3 ligand and the level of expression of CD86 on unstimulated and LPS-stimulated BM-DCs. In addition, the percentage of CD86<SUP>+</SUP> cells among splenic cDCs after LPS treatment in both <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> conditions was similar in wild type and AQP3<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. However, the frequency of CD4<SUP>+</SUP> cDCs in the spleen of AQP3<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice was significantly lower than that of wild type mice. There was higher expression of CD103 in the CD8<SUP>+</SUP> subpopulation of splenic cDCs from AQP3<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice than wild type mice. In the dermis, more CD103-expressing cells were detected in AQP3<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice than in wild type mice and the LPS-induced decrease of CD103<SUP>+</SUP> dermal DCs was impaired in AQP3<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. AQP3 depletion did not affect the uptake of either albumin or dextran by CD11c<SUP>+</SUP> splenic DCs. However, HgCl<SUB>2</SUB>, which is an AQP inhibitor, significantly inhibited the uptake of albumin but not dextran by CD11c<SUP>+</SUP> splenic DCs. These results suggest that AQP3 may play a role in modulating DC population and migration.</P>

미만성 간질성 폐질환의 경과에 따른 운동생리학적 지표의 변화

현인규(In Gyu Hyun),이재호(Jae Ho Lee),최동철(Dong Chul Choi),송재훈(Jae Hoon Song),정기석(Ki Suck Jung),김영환(Young Whan Kim),한성구(Sung Koo Han),심영수(Young Soo Shim),김건열(Keun Youl Kim),한용철(Yong Chol Han) 대한내과학회 1991 대한내과학회지 Vol.40 No.3

N/A To evaluate the physiologic derangement in patient's with diffuse interstitial lung disease, chest X-ray, spirometry including forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity and arterial blood gas analysis are used generally. But it is known that these parameters do not correlate well with the degree of pulmonary fibrosis or changes of clinical course. Although the diffusing capacity is most widely used in evaluating the changes of physiologic derangement as the disease progresses, the changes of physiologic parameters during exercise and the availability of these parameters in clinical follow-up are not well known, Chest X-ray, spirometry with forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity and incremental exercise test with arterial blood gas analysis at rest and maximal exercise were performed in 13 clinically improved patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease before and 3 months after treatment with corticosteroid. The changes of resting and exercise physiologic parameters were evaluated and the correlation of mean percent changes between each parameters was analyzed. 1) Radiologic score manifesting pulmonary involvement in chest X-ray after 3 months' treatment showed significant improvement in comparison with that of pre-treatment(p < 0. 01). 2) Among the parameters in resting state, FVC, FEV f and DLco/VA, showed significant increase (p<0.01), and DLco/VA, showed largest change. 3) In incremental exercise test, work duration, maximal minute ventilation, maximal oxygen uptake and the difference in oxygen uptake between rest and maximal exercise showed significant increase (p<0.05), but maximal work load, maximal breathing frequency, breathing reserve and heart rate reserve showed no significant difference. 4) PaO₂at rest and maximal exercise were increased significantly (p<0.05), but PaCO₂, at rest and maximal exercise showed no significant change. 5) VD/VT,, P(A-a), O₂and P(a.ET) CO₂at rest and maximal exercise were decreased, but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). The changes of PaO₂/ changes of oxygen uptake and the changes of P(A-a)O₂/ changes of oxygen uptake between rest and maximal exercise also showed no significant difference. 6) The changes of DLco/VA, correlated with that of resting PaO₂, and exercise PaO₂(p<0.01), and that of maximal oxygen uptake correlated with that of exercise PaO₂and exercise P(A-a)O₂(p<0,01). From the above findings, it seems that DLco/VA, is a most useful parameter at rest in evaluating the changes of physiologic derangement in patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease after treatment, and reflects the changes of PaO₂, at rest and maximal exercise, and the changes of exercise parameters failed to show any superiority to resting parameters in this study.

Fluid shear stress regulates vascular remodeling via VEGFR-3 activation, although independently of its ligand, VEGF-C, in the uterus during pregnancy

Park, Yang-Gyu,Choi, Jawun,Jung, Hye-Kang,Song, In Kyu,Shin, Yongwhan,Park, Sang-Youel,Seol, Jae-Won UNKNOWN 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.40 No.4

<P>Early pregnancy is characterized by an increase in the blood volume of the uterus for embryonic development, thereby exerting fluid shear stress (FSS) on the vascular walls. The uterus experiences vascular remodeling to accommodate the increased blood flow. The blood flow-induced FSS elevates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors, and regulates vascular remodeling through the activation of VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3). However, the mechanisms responsible for FSS-induced VEGFR-3 expression in the uterus during pregnancy are unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that vascular remodeling in the uterus during pregnancy is regulated by FSS-induced VEGFR-3 expression. We examined the association between VEGFR-3 and FSS through <I>in vivo</I> and <I>in vitro</I> experiments. <I>In vivo</I> experiments revealed VEGFR-3 expression in the CD31-positive region of the uterus of pregnant mice; VEGF-C (ligand for VEGFR-3) was undetected in the uterus. These results confirmed that VEGFR-3 expression in the endometrium is independent of its ligand. <I>In vitro</I> studies experiments revealed that FSS induced morphological changes and increased VEGFR-3 expression in human uterine microvascular endothelial cells. Thus, VEGFR-3 activation by FSS is associated with vascular remodeling to allow increased blood flow in the uterus during pregnancy.</P>