Selective separation of solvent from deasphalted oil using CO₂ for heavy oil upgrading process based on solvent deasphalting

Im, Soo Ik,Shin, Sangcheol,Park, Jun Woo,Yoon, Hyung Jin,Go, Kang Seok,Nho, Nam Sun,Lee, Ki Bong Elsevier 2018 Chemical Engineering Journal Vol.331 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The solvent deasphalting (SDA) process is a heavy oil upgrading process in which deasphalted oil (DAO) is extracted from heavy oil feedstock by precipitating asphaltene using an excess amount of alkane solvent (C3-C6). After the extraction, solvent recovery should be carried out for separating the solvent from the DAO in order to recycle the expensive solvent. In the conventional solvent recovery method, the mixture of solvent and DAO is heated to evaporate the solvent, which requires massive heat energy, resulting in reduced process efficiency. In this study, CO<SUB>2</SUB> is applied for the first time to selectively separate solvent from DAO at a relatively low temperature. The experimental results in a batch separator indicate that the temperature required for high solvent recovery of over 80% decreases from 200°C to 40°C when using CO<SUB>2</SUB> compared to the conventional method. The theoretical approach using Hansen distance calculation based on the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) was used to verify the mechanism of solvent separation using CO<SUB>2</SUB>. The results suggest that the increase in the interaction between CO<SUB>2</SUB> and solvent causes the separation of solvent from DAO, leading to an increase in solvent recovery. Also, numerical simulation results show the possibility of continuous operation for solvent recovery using CO<SUB>2</SUB>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Solvent recovery using CO<SUB>2</SUB> was newly developed for solvent deasphalting process. </LI> <LI> High solvent recovery was achieved at relatively low temperature. </LI> <LI> CO<SUB>2</SUB> acts as an anti-solvent to separate the solvent from DAO. </LI> <LI> Numerical simulation confirmed the possibility of a new solvent recovery operation. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Novel Sorption-Enhanced Methanation with Simultaneous CO₂ Removal for the Production of Synthetic Natural Gas

Im, Soo Ik,Lee, Ki Bong American Chemical Society 2016 INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH - Vol.55 No.34

<P>With increasing consumption of natural gas as a clean energy source and demand for efficient use of cheap and abundant coal, the production of synthetic natural gas from coal has been receiving considerable interest. In this study, the methanation reaction of coal-derived syngas for the production of synthetic natural gas was investigated using numerical simulations. In particular, the concept of a sorption-enhanced reaction, in which CO2 removal by sorption is carried out simultaneously with the reaction, was newly applied to the methanation reaction. Effects of the operating parameters such as the fraction of catalyst and sorbent, temperature, pressure, and feed ratio (H-2/CO, H2O/CO, and CO2/CO) on CO conversion and purity, selectivity, and productivity of CH4 were evaluated by computational studies. It was found that the performance of the sorption-enhanced methanation reaction is controlled by both thermodynamic equilibrium and reaction kinetics. Therefore, the reaction would require an optimal catalyst fraction, temperature, and pressure conditions for maximum efficiency. Optimal H-2/CO and H2O/CO ratios exist considering reaction performance, and any CO2 content in the feed reduces CH4 productivity. Compared to the conventional methanation reaction, the sorption-enhanced methanation reaction produces CH4 in high purity (>95%), which can be directly used for synthetic natural gas without further separation processes.</P>

Growth of Budding Yeasts under Optical Trap

Im, Kang-Bin,Kim, Hyun-Ik,Kim, Soo-Ki,Kim, Chul-Geun,Oh, Cha-Hwan,Song, Seok-Ho,Kim, Pill-Soo The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2007 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.3 No.1

Optic tweezer is powerful tool to investigate biologic cells. Of eukaryotic cells, it was poorly documented regarding to optic trapping to manipulate yeasts. In preliminary experiment to explore yeast biology, interferometric optical tweezers was exploited to trap and manipulate budding yeasts. Successfully, several budding yeasts are trapped simultaneously. We found that the budding direction of the daughter cell was almost outward and the daughter cell surrounded by other yeasts grows slowly or fail to grow. Thus it was assumed that neighboring cells around budding yeast may be critical in budding and the growth of daughter cells. This is first report pertaining to the pattern of yeast budding under the optical trap when multiple yeasts were trapped.

Growth, quality, and yield characteristics of transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) overexpressing StMyb1R-1 under water deficit

Im, Ju-Sung,Cho, Kwang-Soo,Cho, Ji-Hong,Park, Young-Eun,Cheun, Chung-Gi,Kim, Hyun-Jun,Cho, Hyun-Mook,Lee, Jong-Nam,Jin, Yong-Ik,Byun, Myung-Ok,Kim, Dool-Yi,Kim, Myeong-Jun The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2012 식물생명공학회지 Vol.39 No.3

This study was conducted to evaluate agronomic characteristics such as growth, quality, and yields of StMyb1R-1 transgenic potato and also to obtain the basic data for establishing assessment guidelines of transgenic potato. Three transgenic lines (Myb 1, Myb 2, and Myb 8) were cultivated under conventional irrigation, drought condition, and severe drought condition and were analyzed by comparing with wild type, non-transgenic cv. Superior. Myb 2 showed a different flower color from wild type and Myb 1 had much bigger secondary leaflets than wild type. Myb 1 and Myb 2 showed higher $P_2O_5$ content in both top and root zone and longer shaped tubers than wild type. In yield factors, transgenic lines had more tubers than wild type, however their yield decreases were severe because of the poor enlargement of tuber under water deficit condition. This tendency was noticeable in Myb 1 and Myb 2. In TR ratio, chlorophyll content, dry matter rate, and relative water content, there were no big differences between transgenic lines and wild type. Meanwhile, in phenotype, growth, quality, and yield factors, substantial equivalent was confirmed between Myb 8 and wild type. Then, Myb 8 showed the highest marketable tuber yield under conventional irrigation, while showed lower level than wild type under water deficit. Judged by this result, the enhancing droughttolerance by StMyb1R-1 gene might actually not mean the enhancement of photosynthesis or starch accumulation in tuber and, furthermore, not the yield improvement. More detailed research will be required to accurately understand the relationship between StMyb1R-1 and yield factors.

Morphometric Characteristics and Fin Dimorphism between Male and Female on the Marine Medaka, Oryzias dancena

Im, Jae Hyun,Gil, Hyun Woo,Lee, Tae Ho,Kong, Hee Jeong,Ahn, Cheol Min,Kim, Bong Seok,Kim, Dong Soo,Zhang, Chang Ik,Park, In-Seok The Korean Society of Developmental Biology 2016 발생과 생식 Vol.20 No.4

Sexual dimorphism is the most conspicuous difference between the sexes. This study examines possible sexual dimorphism and the relative growth patterns of morphometric characteristics in the marine medaka, Oryzias dancena for their potential to help differentiate between males and females of this species. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated by a non-linear regression method were $L_{\infty}=30.2mm$, K=3.22/year, and ${\tau}_0=-0.05$. All 18 characteristics measured showed a difference between males and females from 70 days after hatching. Each of these characteristics were significantly different between sexes (ANCOVA, P<0.05), and the ratio of standard length between sexes showed that males were larger than females for all five morphometric measurements. Fin length measurements were taken for 21 distances of anal fin and 7 distances of dorsal fin between landmarks. There were all differences for all dorsal fin rays between the males and the females and there is significant difference in 70 days after their hatch when the sexual dimorphism is presented. The significant difference (P<0.05) in fin ray for male and female was more greatly seen as they grow. Male marine medaka showed more rapid growth than females, with longer length, dorsal fins and anal fins. Differences in these characteristics will be useful during experiments when it is necessary to differentiate between sexes of marine medaka.

Heat and Fluid Flow Analysis during Casting Process Using an Implicit Filling Algorithm

Ik Tae Im,Woo Seung Kim,Kwan Soo Lee 대한기계학회 1998 Heat transter conference Vol.7 No.1

한국인의 온열쾌적감 및 생리신호에 관한 연구 (Part 1: 겨울철 체감실험 결과)

주익성 ( Ik Seong Joo ),김동규 ( Dong Gyu Kim ),금종수 ( Jong Soo Kum ),최광환 ( Kwang Hwan Choi ),이구형 ( Koo Hyoung Lee ),임금식 ( Keum Sik Im ) 한국감성과학회 1997 연차 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 겨울철 난방시 한국인의 온열감각과 온열환경지표 사이의 상관관계 및 ASHRAE Standard 55-74의 쾌적영역과 한국인의 쾌적영역을 체감실험을 통해 규명 및 제시하는 것이다. 유니폼을 착용한 피실험자는 온도, 습도, 기류 등이 조절되는 환경시험실에 서 2시간동안 체재하면서 매 15분 마다 전신온냉감, 쾌불쾌감 등을 신고하였다. 또한 인체의 3부위에서 피부온도, 환경시험실의 온도 빛 습도를 매 20초 간격으로 측정하였다. 이상의 체감실험을 통해 아래의 결론을 얻었다. 1) 평균피부온도가 증가함에 따라 TSV는 선형적으로 증가하며 열적으로 중립감을 느낄 때의 평균피부온도는 청년 34.0℃, 고령자 33.5℃이다. 2) TSV=0일때 청년의 중립 SET*는 25.5℃, 고령자의 중립 SET*는 27.0℃이다. 3) 한국인의 쾌적범위는 청년의 경우 SET*의 경우 24.2~26.8℃, 고령자의 경우 SET* 25.7~28.2℃로 ASHRAE St.55-74의 권장 쾌적범위(22.0~25.4℃)보다 다소 고온지향적이다.

원심모형시험기를 이용한 댐수위 변화에 따른 댐체의 거동 모사 (Simulation of Earth-fill Dam Behavior Subjected to Water Level Variation Using Geotechnical Centrifuge)

임은상(Im Eun Sang),서민우(Seo Min Woo),하익수(Ha Ik Soo),김우구(Kim Woo Gu) 대한토목학회 2005 대한토목학회논문집 C Vol.25 No.2

소아 급성 위장관염에서의 원인과 임상양상

임익재 ( Ik Jae Im ),이미정 ( Mee Jeong Lee ),정은희 ( Eun Hee Chung ),유지숙 ( Jeesuk Yu ),장영표 ( Young Pyo Chang ),박우성 ( Woo Sung Park ),박귀성 ( Kwisung Park ),송낙수 ( Nak Soo Song ),백경아 ( Kyung Ah Baek ),차윤태 ( Yune 대한소아감염학회 2006 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.13 No.2

목 적 : 소아에서 흔한 감염성 질환인 급성 위장관염은 바이러스, 원충, 세균 등 다양한 원인에 의해 발생한다. 소아 위장관염의 다양한 원인에 대한 연구가 드물어 이에 급성 위장관염으로 방문했던 환아들을 대상으로 병원체의 원인과 임상양상에 대해 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2004년 12월부터 2005년 12월까지 설사, 구토 등의 위장관염 증상으로 단국대학교병원 외래를 내원하였거나 입원한 환아들을 대상으로 하였다. 대변검사는 총 17종의 원인 병원체에 대한 검사를 하였다. RT-PCR에 의한 norovirus, ELISA에 의한 rotavirus, astrovirus, adenovirus와 선택적 배지를 사용하여 Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., C. perfrigens, Campylobacter spp., E. coli, Vibrio spp., S. aureus, B. cereus, Yersinia spp., L. monocytogenes에 대한 배양검사, EIA에 의한 C. parvum, E. histolytica, G. lamblia에 대한 검사를 하였다. 원인별 임상양상에 대해 후향적으로 의무기록지를 검토하였다. 결 과 : 총 215례 환아에서 대변검사를 시행하였으며 이중 89례(41.4%)가 양성을 보였다. 89례의 남녀비는 1.3:1, 평균나이는 25개월(3일~14세), 평균 입원기간은 3.4일(1~10일)이었다. 연령별로 1개월 미만이 4례(4.5%), 1~2개월이 4례(4.5%), 3~12개월 24례(26.7%)였고 13~48개월이 47례(52.8%)로 가장 많았으며 4세 이상이 10례(11.2%)의 분포를 보였다. 원인별로 바이러스가 68례(77.5%), 세균이 26례(28.9%), 원충이 21례(23.6%)에서 검출되었고 바이러스류에서는 rotavirus(50례), 세균류에서는 salmonella(10례), 원충류에서는 C. parvum(11례)이 가장 많이 검출되었다. 양성 환아의 22례(24.4%)에서 2종 이상의 혼합감염을 보였고 바이러스와 원충의 혼합감염이 가장 많았다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서 소아 급성 위장관염을 일으키는 것으로 알려진 다양한 병원체들이 검출되었다. 이는 소아 급성 위장관염의 치료에 많은 정보를 줄 것으로 생각되며 향후 소아 급성 위장관염의 다양한 원인에 대한 광범위하고 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : The purpose of this study is to evaluate epidemiological data of pathogens obtained from stool exams and compare them with the clinical course in pediatric patients with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. Methods : Subjects were selected from patients presenting with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis who visited the outpatient clinic or who were admitted to the Dankook University Hospital from December of 2004 to December of 2005. Stool exams for 17 pathogens was performed. RT-PCR was used to detect norovirus and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA) was used to detect rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus in the subjects stool samples. Ten different species of bacteria(Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Clostridium perfrigens, Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Vibrio spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Yersinia spp., and L. monocytogenes) were each selectively cultivated and enzyme immunoassays(EIA) was used to test for antigens for C. parvum, E. histolytica and G. lamblia. Retrospective chart review was performed for comparisons of clinical manifestations. Results : A total of 215 subjects was selected and of these 89 cases(41.4%) showed positive results for at least one pathogen. Male to female ratio was 1.3:1. Age distribution showed 4 cases less than one month(4.5%), 4 cases from 1~2 months(4.5%), 24 cases from 3~12 months(26.7%), 47 cases form 13~48 months(52.8%), 10 cases greater than 48 months (21.2%). Viruses showed the greatest proportion of cases with 68 subjects(77.5%), of these rotavirus being the most commonly reported in 50 cases. Bacteria was identified in 26 cases (29.2%), of these nontyphoidal salmonella was noted in 10 cases. Protozoa followed with 21 cases(23.6%), of these C. parvum was noted in 11 cases and G. lamblia was noted in 10 cases. Mixed infections with more than two pathogens were seen in 22 cases(24.7%), of these viral infection with accompanying parasitic infection was seen in 12(54.5%) cases. Conclusion : In this study we examined various pathogens known to cause acute gastroenteritis in children. Further studies for various pathogens can provide useful information for management of the acute gastroenteritis.

서울市內 都市型 給食示範國民學校 어린이의 食生態調査

李秀景,鄭相珍,錢美廷,白秀璟,金昌任,牟壽美,金益謙 대한보건협회 1991 대한보건연구 Vol.17 No.1

In July 1989, an ecological study of food and nutrition was undertaken among 121 children, 9 to 12 years old, who attended Kumho elementary school at Kumho-dong, Sung dong-gu, Seoul. This survey focused on their food habits, nutiritional behaviors, and growth pattern. The results were summerized as follows. 5.6% of subjects skipped breakfast every morning because of lack of appetite mostly, and their intakes of energy, carbohydrate, and fiber were lower significantly than non-skippers' intakes(p<0.05). Also 9.3% had seriously poor food habits. The frequency of having meals with all the family members was higher in the morning and weekend than in the evening and weekdays. Parents, especially mother, gave guidance on eating manners and table etiquette. A combination of rice, kimchi and side dishes were the most popular of meal eaten by the children. The most common dietary staple was boiled rice and the average number of side dishes per meal was 1.2 excluding kimchi, soup and stew. The principal source of protein taken by children was eggs. Saute and Namul were the dominant methods of cooking. The survey found that fruits were taken the most frequently for snack, and most of them had snack twice a day. Children liked fruits, ice cream and sweat potato. In contrast, lowest preference was for aromatic vegetables, and fermented fish products. Most parents recognized the importance of the school feeding. And most of children were satisfied with the school lunch program. These data underlined the necessity of nation-wide school lunch program for whole school children of Korea.