GPR-SEPARATION AXIOMS

Ilango, Gnanambal,Balachandran, Krishnan,Marudhachalam, Rayappan The Youngnam Mathematical Society Korea 2011 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.27 No.5

In this paper gpr-open sets are used to define some weak separation axioms and we study some of their basic properties. The implications of these axioms among themselves are also verified.

Anti-hepatotoxic activity of Fruit pulp of Momordica dioica Roxb. (Cucurbitaceae)

Ilango, K.,Maharajan, G.,Narasimhan, S. Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2004 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.4 No.1

The Hexane Extract (HE) and Ethyl Acetate Soluble Fraction of the Methanolic Extract (EASFME) of the fruit pulp of Momordica dioica Roxb. (Cucurbitaceae) was evaluated for its anti-hepatotoxic activity in rats. Acute hepatotoxicity was induced by administering paracetamol (2 g/kg, p.o.) for 3 days. The extracts, at a dose of 400 mg/kg (p.o.) administered for 7 days exhibited a significant therapeutic effect by lowering Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Serum bilirubin and increasing the serum protein levels. These biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of the liver sections. The activity of extract was also comparable to the standard drug Silymarin, which is a well-known natural anti-hepatotoxic drug.

Physical and electrochemical performance of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ cathodes coated by Sb₂O₃ using a sol–gel process

Ilango, P. Robert,Subburaj, T.,Prasanna, K.,Jo, Yong Nam,Lee, Chang Woo Elsevier 2015 Materials chemistry and physics Vol.158 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Sb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-coated LiNi<SUB>1/3</SUB>Co<SUB>1/3</SUB>Mn<SUB>1/3</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> cathode materials have been prepared using a sol–gel process. The surface-coated cathode materials have been physically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM). The electrochemical characteristics have been investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic cycler, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Moreover, the Sb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> coating does not affect the crystal structure of LiNi<SUB>1/3</SUB>Co<SUB>1/3</SUB>Mn<SUB>1/3</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> but instead form a thin compact layer on the surface. The 1wt% of Sb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-coated LiNi<SUB>1/3</SUB>Co<SUB>1/3</SUB>Mn<SUB>1/3</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> cathode coated shows stable cyclability with capacity retention of 98% after the 30 cycles, which is higher than the bare and 2 wt% Sb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-coated cathodes and the EIS and CV tests illustrate the suppressed charge transfer resistance and good reversibility for the optimized coating concentration on the cathode.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We successfully prepared Sb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-coated LiNi<SUB>1/3</SUB>Co<SUB>1/3</SUB>Mn<SUB>1/3</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> cathodes by a sol–gel process. </LI> <LI> Sb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> has been used as an additive to give a protection layer from HF attack. </LI> <LI> Electrochemical performance of 1 wt% Sb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-coated LiNi<SUB>1/3</SUB>Co<SUB>1/3</SUB>Mn<SUB>1/3</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> was superior. </LI> <LI> 1 wt% Sb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-coated LiNi<SUB>1/3</SUB>Co<SUB>1/3</SUB>Mn<SUB>1/3</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> cathodes reveal good cyclability at high rates. </LI> </UL> </P>

GPR-Separation axioms

Gnanambal Ilango,Krishnan Balachandran,Rayappan Marudhachalam 영남수학회 2011 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.27 No.5

In this paper gpr-open sets are used to define some weak separation axioms and we study some of their basic properties. The implications of these axioms among themselves are also verified.

Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Momordica dioica Fruit Pulp

K.Ilango,G.Maharajan,S.Narasimhan 한국생약학회 2003 Natural Product Sciences Vol.9 No.4

Design and electrochemical investigation of a novel graphene oxide-silver joint conductive agent on LiFePO4 cathodes in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

P. Robert Ilango,R. Gnanamuthu,조영남,이창우 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.36 No.-

We designed a novel graphene oxide–silver (GO–Ag) joint conductive agent to improve the lowelectronic conductivity of LiFePO4 (LFP) and attempted to replace the commercial carbon black. Thephase evaluations of fabricated cathodes have been characterized using X-ray diffraction and it shows noadditional peaks from GO–Ag. The morphological and elemental analysis depicts that the joint GO–Agenwraps the LFP with uniform distribution of elements. The electrochemical profiles corroborate thestable cycleability and better capability. The optimized electrode gives the better initial charge–discharge capacity of 155 mAh/g and 150 mAh/g at a 0.5C rate, respectively.

Enhanced OLSR for Defense against DOS Attack in Ad Hoc Networks

Mohanapriya Marimuthu,Ilango Krishnamurthi 한국통신학회 2013 Journal of communications and networks Vol.15 No.1

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) refers to a network designed for special applications for which it is difficult to use a backbone network. In MANETs, applications are mostly involved with sensitive and secret information. Since MANET assumes a trusted environment for routing, security is a major issue. In this paper we analyze the vulnerabilities of a pro-active routing protocol called optimized link state routing (OLSR) against a specific type of denial-of-service (DOS) attack called node isolation attack. Analyzing the attack, we propose a mechanism called enhanced OLSR (EOLSR) protocol which is a trust based technique to secure the OLSR nodes against the attack. Our technique is capable of finding whether a node is advertising correct topology information or not by verifying its Hello packets, thus detecting node isolation attacks. The experiment results show that our protocol is able to achieve routing security with 45% increase in packet delivery ratio and 44% reduction in packet loss rate when compared to standard OLSR under node isolation attack. Our technique is light weight because it doesn’t involve high computational complexity for securing the network.

Evaluation of safety and usefulness of submental intubation in panfacial trauma surgery

Mohanavalli Singaram,Ilango Ganesan,Radhika Kannan,Rajesh Kumar 대한구강악안면외과학회 2016 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.42 No.2

Objectives: Submental intubation has been advocated as an alternative to classical tracheostomy for certain indicated panfacial trauma surgeries. Surgeons should have various options for airway management in maxillofacial trauma patients. Most maxillofacial injuries involve occlusal derangements, which might require intraoperative occlusal corrections; hence, orotracheal intubation is not ideal. Maxillofacial surgeons generally prefer nasotracheal intubation; however, in cases with concomitant skull base fracture or nasal bone fracture, nasotracheal intubation might not be suitable; in these situations, tracheostomy is typically performed. However, the possible complications of tracheostomy are well known. Due to trauma situations and to avoid the complications of tracheostomy, submental intubation would be an ideal alternative procedure in selected maxillofacial trauma surgery patients. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and usefulness of a submental intubation technique for panfacial trauma surgery. Moreover, we intended to share our experience of submental intubation and to recommend this simple, safe procedure for certain panfacial trauma surgeries. Materials and Methods: In five panfacial trauma patients, we performed submental intubation for airway management; the mean time required for the procedure was only eight minutes. Results: We were able to execute this procedure safely in a short time without any intraoperative or postoperative complications. Conclusion: Submental intubation is a safe and simple technique for airway management in indicated panfacial trauma surgery patients.

Shoreline changes over last five decades and predictions for 2032 and 2042: a case study of Kakinada coast, Southeast coast of India

Vaila Bejjam,Ilango S. Sudhakar 대한공간정보학회 2024 Spatial Information Research Vol.32 No.3

This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of erosion and accretion rates in the Kakinada coastal zones of Andhra Pradesh using multitemporal satellite images spanning six time periods from 1972 to 2022. Two methods, End Point Rate (EPR) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR), were employed to assess erosion and accretion, revealing maximum erosion rates of -28.64 and − 31.27 m/year and maximum accretion rates of 20.11 and 22.74 m/year in the study area. These changes were attributed to natural disasters like tsunamis and cyclones and anthropogenic activities such as harbour construction, beach sand excavation, industrialization of garbage dump sites, urbanization, and domestic sewage discharge. Further analysis, using the Kalman filter model, forecasted shoreline changes, predicting erosion of -842 and − 891 m and accretion of 700 and 679 m in 2032 and 2042, respectively. Specific erosion zones were identified near Uppada, Gadimoga, and Korangi, while accretion was predominant in Kakinada, Nadakuduru, Kovvadda, and Panasapadu regions. The use of multitemporal satellite images and analytical methods highlights the crucial role of spatial information science in tracking long-term coastal changes and assessing localized erosion and accretion dynamics. These findings provide the tools for effective decision-making in safeguarding vulnerable shorelines amidst evolving environmental and human-induced challenges.

A superior dye adsorbent towards the hydrogen evolution reaction combining active sites and phase-engineering of (1T/2H) MoS₂/α-MoO₃ hybrid heterostructured nanoflowers

Manikandan, Arumugam,Ilango, P. Robert,Chen, Chia-Wei,Wang, Yi-Chung,Shih, Yu-Chuan,Lee, Ling,Wang, Zhiming M.,Ko, Hyunhyub,Chueh, Yu-Lun The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.6 No.31

<P>Here, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of (1T/2H) MoS2/α-MoO3 heterostructured nanoflowers at a low temperature of 200 °C by a one-step hydrothermal method. By tuning the reaction time under the influence of thiourea and hydrazine hydrate, we established a complete phase-engineered MoS2 with 1T and 2H phases on the surface of α-MoO3. Active sites associated with the phase-engineered (1T/2H) MoS2/α-MoO3 hybrid nanoflowers enable them to exhibit dual roles as a superior dye adsorbent and an electrocatalyst towards the hydrogen evolution reaction. The 2H-rich (1T/2H) MoS2/α-MoO3 hybrid heterostructured nanoflowers prepared at 16 h achieved a high surface area of 37.97 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP>, and 97% of the RhB dye with an initial concentration of 47.9 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP> was removed within 10 min through the adsorption process, which is the highest known removal efficiency reported in the literature. As a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst in acidic solution, the 1T-rich (1T/2H) MoS2/α-MoO3 hybrid heterostructured nanoflowers prepared at 12 h exhibited a highly efficient catalytic activity by achieving a low overpotential of 232 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>, which is comparable to those of previously reported HER catalysts based on MoS2. Moreover, this sample reached a low Tafel slope of 81 mV dec<SUP>−1</SUP> and was stable when operated for more than 1000 cycles.</P>