이중주어 구문에 대한 분석

이익환 연세대학교 한국어학당 1987 외국어로서의 한국어교육 Vol.12 No.1

This paper attempts to provide the syntax and semantics of the so-called 'double subject constructions' in Korean, within the framework of Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, introduced in works such as Pullum (1982), Pollard (1984, 1985a,b), Gazdar, Klein, Pullum & Sag (1985), and Ik-Hwan Lee (1985a, b). In particular, the present paper discusses the types of sentences exemplified in (1) and (2). (1) Cheolswu ka meli ka coh ta. SP head SP good DP 'Cheolswu is bright.' (2) Cheolswu ka Mica ka coh ta. SP SP good DP 'Cheolswu is fond of Mica.' Notice that in (1), and similarly in (2), the two NP's are marked by the subject case particle. In order to account for this construction, several analyses have been proposed within the tradition of generative grammar, and recently altanative analyses have been proposed in the framework of GPSG. This paper examines several previous analyses, and notes important problems in them. In order to resolve the noted problems; the present paper subcategorizes adjectives such as cho 'good' into intransitive adjectives and transitive ones. This distinction has an important semantic consequence. Furthermore, for the constructions such as (1), an abstract discourse predicate (DSP) is postulated and its translation is appropriately provided. To conclude, it is hoped that the paper has shown the effectiveness of GPSG, with the suggested revision and extension, in a proper treatment of double subject constructions in Korean.

어휘의 사용과 의미 구조

김익환 계명대학교 국제학연구소 2000 국제학논총 Vol.5 No.-

Language has been viewed as communicating meanings through the medium of concepts. On this view, each lexical item is associated with a concept Knowing a ward involves various kinds of word knowledge. Increasing knowledge of one word knowledge aspect could help improve knowledge of related aspects. The different kinds of word knowledge are interrelated. Frequency is related to formality in that more frequent words tend to be less formal, and tend to be more formal. Thus, greater awareness of formality is likely to be somewhat related to awareness of a word's frequency of occurrence, even if this awareness is unconscious. Words have a core meaning that is relatively universal and is likely to be acquired before other figurative meanings, prototype theory has been developed to explain how people deal with fuzzy meaning. The theory proposes that the mind uses a typical "best example" of a concept. This paper surveyed some of the important research findings about meaning organization and register knowledge. Register is a complex set of informations that is affected by many different factors. Register is connected with the paradigmatic issue of getting things done with language. This paper also examined association research that indicates the nature of meaning organization. Word association studies suggest that words are organized in the mind. This organization changes as one matures or as one's language proficiency increases.

信號交叉路의 交通特性과 左回轉 禁止에 따른 運營效果에 관한 硏究

홍익상,공창환,정우영,임채문 대구대학교 산업기술연구소 1993 産業技術硏究 Vol.12 No.-

This study analyzed the characteristics of the operation of left turns at intersections of the streets in Taegu City. The points of the study were as follows: increase of traffic capacity, decrease of delay time, and to do so this study aims at seeking a way for the most appropriate signal cycle and an effective way to operate intersections. The following are the results: 1st The arterials of Taegu City have a high rate of left turns, and yet are not divided into specific functions, which impairs the efficient use of the functions. It is required that a study be made on the way of utilizing the left turn to the maximum of the operational functions of signalized intersections. 2nd As traffic volume and left turn ratio increase, it was revealed that the optimum signal cycle and delay increased, adoption of efficient lanes was analysed to be most effective at the intersection which have a great of traffic volume and a high or rate of left turns. 3rd On the independent intersection in Taegu city, when left turn is prohibited, it may give poor approaches, but according to analyses this will bring a phenomenal decrease in the optimum signal cycle and delay.

영어의 수동구문과 문태규 문법

이익환 서울대학교 어학연구소 1981 語學硏究 Vol.17 No.2

This paper attempts to provide a syntactic and semantic analysis of passive operations in order to provide a proper treatment of the various types of passive constructions in English. In section 2, it is argued that one syntactic rule of passive is not sufficient. In section 3, the phrasal type of passive rule is critically examined. It is argued that a lexical rule, as well as a phrasal rule, is necessary. In section 4 and 5, two types of passive rules are formalized under the framework of Montague grammar, taking the previous formalizations into consideration. The formulated rules are illustrated with appropriate examples showing detailed syntactic delivations and accompanying translations. In sections 6 through 8, several problematic examples are examined and suggestions are provided for an approriate treatment of the examples. It is concluded that two types of rules are necessary for a satisfactory account of the passive constructions in English.

압력용기의 설계기준 및 손상 평가

오환섭,정효진,박상필,손두익 한국공작기계학회 2005 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

The damage of the pressure courage by degradation can become the reason of unexpected break down or failure accident and it is very important because safety accident, the production loss, environmental pollution, social problems are occur. Consequently The result to investigat of failure accident for domestic pressure vessel, the factor of degradation is SCC, Sorrosion, Cavity, Crack

초음파탐상 PD-RR Test의 통계적 신뢰도 평가 (Ⅲ) : a Round Robin Test Reesult (Part Ⅲ)

박익근,박은수,김현묵,박윤원,강석철,최영환,이진호 한국비파괴검사학회 2003 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.1

국내 원전의 건전성 및 안전성 확보에 직결되는 자동 초음파검사의 신뢰도 및 검사시스템의 기량을 평가하기 위해 자동UT-PD RRT를 수행하였다. 수행된 RRT의 조건은 2001년 수동 PD-RRT에 적용된 설계변수와 동일하다. 본 연구에서는 자동 UT의 결함검출확률 및 오판확률과 결함크기측정에 대한 불확도 분석을 이용하여 자동 초음파검사의 통계적인 신뢰도를 평가하고 수동 UT PD-RRT의 결과와 비교하여 기량을 검증하고자 한다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 향후 각종 비파괴검사에 대한 RRT를 수행하여 기술수준을 파악하고 비파괴검사기술의 발전을 도모할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

동종 골수이식을 시행받은 환자에서 폐색성 세기관지염에 의하여 발생한 자발성 기종격동과 피하 기종

이병환,이제중,이연경,안재숙,김여경,황호인,박무림,조상희,정익주,김형준 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2002 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.7 No.2

저자들은 만성골수성백혈병으로 동종 골수이식과 이식편 부전으로 인하여 추가적인 말초혈액 조혈모세포이식을 시행 받은 환자에서 만성 이식편대숙주질환과 그 폐 합병증인 폐색성 세기관지염에 동반된 자발성 기종격동과 피하 기종이 병발한 1예를 경험하였기에 이를 보고하는 바이다. Obstructive lung disorders following after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in association with graft- versus-host disease (GVHD) contribute significant morbidity and mortality. We report a case of a 28-year-old man who developed spontaneous pneumomediatinum and subcutaneous emphysema complicating bronchiolitis obliterans after allogeneic BMT. He received an allogeneic BMT for chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. Five months after BMT, he was boostered by allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells from the same donor due to graft failure. One month after the boostering, chronic GVHD developed and were treated with cyclosporine and steroid. The patients developed spontaneous pneumomediatinum and subcutaneous emphysema secondary to severe bronchiolitis obliterans 4 months after boostering donor cells. The air-leak syndromes were recovered by conservative management, including high-flow oxygen.

카오스 랜덤신호 발생기를 위한 3D²CGE의 분석

이익수,이동록,여지환 대구대학교 과학기술연구소 1999 科學技術硏究 Vol.5 No.5

in this paper, we have designed, proposed and demonstrated a novel 3-dimensional discrete-time chaotic generation equation(3D²CGE) for generating chaos signals such as pseudo-random signals. The chaos signals of 3D²CGE which is used specific parameters space are analyzed by general nonlinear signal process methods. The chaos signals that are calculated numerical and statistical process with computer simulation have proved chaos properties; aperiodicity, fractal structure, chaos attractor etc. The time series of the equation have extremely rich dynamics and the 3D²CGE is indeed chaotic. Specially, the dynamic bifurcation structures are represented using varying initial values and control parameters such as α , β , μ , κ , γ , ε , Φ . Finally, we demonstrate the probability density of chaos signals and randomness properties of proposed equation.

예취빈도에 따른 무기태 질소시비가 오차드 그라스의 건물수량과 건물생산효율에 미치는 영향

조익환,김민 대구대학교 생명과학연구소 2002 생명과학연구 Vol.1 No.2

오차드그라스 초지에 재배년도(1996~1998년)와 예취빈도(연간 3회, 4회 및 5회)를 달리하여 재배하였을 때, 건물수량에 미치는 무기태 질소의 시비효과를 조사하여 건물생산효율이 높은 경제적 시비수준과 적정 예취빈도를 추정하려고 하였다. 모든 예취빈도에서 1998년의 건물수량이 다른 재배년도보다 유의하게 많았다. 즉, 3회 예취구에서는 시비수준 평균 10.3 ton ha^-1, 4회 예취구에서는 10.8 ton ha^-1, 5회 예취구에서는 10.8 ton ha^-1을 나타내었다. 시비수준별 평균 건물수량은 3회예취구에서는 90~120 kg ha^-1 cut^-1수준에서 10.6~11.7 ton ha^-1을 타나내었고, 4회와 5회 예취구에서 30~120 kg ha^-1 cut^-1수준에서 각각 8.9~9.9 ton ha^-1과 8.0~9.2ton ha^-1을 나타내어 다른 시비수준보다 유의하게 많았다. 건물생산효율은 3회 예취구의 360 kg ha^-1 ^yr-1 수준에서 10.4kg, 4회 예취구의 120kg ha^-1 수준에서 18.5kg 5회 예취구의 150 kg ha^-1 yr-1 수준에서 7.3kg으로 가장 높았다. 예취빈도별 예취번초의 평균 건물수량은 3회와 4회 예취구에서 1번 초가 각각 4.6과 3.3 ton ha^-1, 5회 예취구에서는 2번초가 2.7 ton ha^-1으로 다른 예취 번초의 건물수량보다 유의하게 많았다. 상대건물수량은 3과 4회 예취구의 1번초가 각각 47.7과 36.9%, 5회 예취구의 2번초가 31.5%로 가장 높았다. 예취시기 별 건물생산효율은 3회 예취구에서는 1번초에서 10.7 kg, 4회와 5회 예취구에서는 2ㄹ번초에서 각각 18.0과 12.1 kg으로 가장 높았다. A study was made to estimate the economic level of mineral nitrogen and a proper cutting frequency for the dry matter production of Orchardgrass (Dacrlyis glomerata L.) during the harvested years in 1996∼1998. Annual mineral nitrogen was applied at the levels of 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 ㎏ ha^-1 in 3 cuttings, 0, 120, 240, 360 and 480 ㎏ ha^-1 in 4 cuttings, and 0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 ㎏ ha^-1 in 5 cuttings, respectively. The dry matter yields of all cutting frequencies in 1998 were significantly higher than in the other harvested years. Mean dry matter yield were 10.3, 10.8 and 10.8 tos ha^-1 in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings, respectively. Significantly higher dry matter yields were obtained as 10.6∼11.7 tons ha^-1 at the level of 90∼120 ㎏ ha^-1 cut^-1 in 3 cuttings, and 8.9∼9.9 and 8.0∼9.2 tons ha^-1 at levels of 30∼120 ㎏ ha^-1 in 4 and 5 cuttings, respectively. Higher efficiencies of dry matter production inresponse to mineral nitrogen application were recorded as 10.4 ㎏ at level of 360 ㎏ ha^-1 yr^-1 in 3 cuttings, 18.5 ㎏ at level of 120 ㎏ ha^-1 yr^-1 in 4 cuttings, and 7.3 ㎏ at level of 150 ㎏ ha^-1 yr^-1 in 5 cuttings, respectively. Significantly higher dry matter yields appeared as 4.6 and 3.3 tons ha^-1 at 1st cut in 3 and 4 cuttings respectively, 2.7 tons ha^-1 at 2nd cut in 5 cuttings. The highest values of relative dry matter yield were 47.7 and 36.9% for 1st cut in 3 and 4 cuttings respectively, 31.5% for 2nd cut in 5 cuttings. Higher efficiencies of dry matter production in response to mineral nitrogen application were recorded as 10.7 ㎏ at 1st cut in 3 cuttings, as 18.0 and 12.1 ㎏ at 2nd cut in 4 and 5 cuttings respectively.

고정된 영어표현의 변이성

김익환 계명대학교 국제학연구소 2003 국제학논총 Vol.8 No.-

Fixed expression is a general term to cover several kinnds of phrasal lexeme or multi-word lexical item. Corpus studies of FEEs show that their forms are often unstable. Fixedness is a key property of FEEs, but around 40% of database FEEs have lexical variations. FEEs can be properly described and understood if they are considered with the contexts in which they occur. The higher the idiom′s frequency, the more the idiom is fixed and the less is the chance that there might be variations of it. Variation is particularly strong with predicate FEEs, less strong with FEEs which are syntactically adjectival, or prepositional groups. FEEs can be seen as agglomerates of cultural information rather than simply lexical items. In variations between BE and AE, more common is a noun or noun modifier. In the majority of cases, the distinctions seem idiosyncratic, 리though there may be historical explanation. One variation denotes a state, process, or action, and another variation mentions the cause or result of the state, process, or action. The notion of idiom schemas can be used to explain a number of things: in particular, variability and, evaluative content, idiom schemas represents concepts embedded in the culture and associated with particular lexicalization. We can have a better understanding of English structure and form through an analysis of FEE variability which is frequently observed in spoken and written English.