인간 재조합 인터루긴-32 면역조절작용에 대한 유세포 분석

이광수,김영관,채정일,심정현,김은미,강형식,김수현,윤도영,명평근 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 2006 생물공학연구지 Vol.12 No.-

Xenotransplantation of porcine organs has the potential to overcome the severe shortage of human tissues and organ available for human transplantation. however, it remains various hurdles for clinical xenotransplantation. In pig and mouse xenotransplantation, porcine xenograft evoke a strong cellular rejection response in immunocompetent host and grafts are destroyed within a week. This cellular immune response could involved both T cells and NK cells. A number of groups have shown that human NK cells can recognize and damage porcine endothelial cells. In addition, human T cells can respond to porcine endothelial cells through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Cellular rejection of porcine tissues requires T cells, particularly CD4^(+) cells. A new cytokine recombinant human interleukin-32α,β(IL-32α,β) has a role innate and acquired immune system. In order to investigate the role of recombinant mouse IL-18 and recombinant human IL-32α,β in xenograft rejection, we transplanted the PK(15) cells to C57BL/6 mice with or without intraperitoneal injection of recombinant mouse IL-18 or recombinant human IL-32 α,β. It was analyzed the population of NK cell, T cell and B cell in the C57BL/6 mice transplanted with PK(15) cells and recombinant mouse IL-18 or recombinant human IL-32α,β by flow cytometry analysis. As a result, lymph node and thymus of PK15/IL18, PK15/IL32α and PK15/IL32β injected group were increased to T cell activation population than normal injected groups. CD8^(+) T cells were decreased in lymph node of PK15/IL18, PK15/IL32α and PK15/IL32β injected groups. CD4^(+) T cells were increased in lymph node cell of PK15/IL32α and PK15/IL32β injected group and also, B cell population were increased in lymph node cell and spleen of PK15/IL18, PK15/IL32α and PK15/IL32β injected group. Therefore, we suggest that recombinant mouse IL-18 and recombinant human IL-32α,β suppress xenograft rejection in cellular xenotransplantation.

Chronological changes in inflammatory cytokines immunoreactivities in the mouse hippocampus after systemic administration of high dosage of tetanus toxin.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, In Hye,Shin, Bich Na,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Lee, Deuk-Sik,Kim, Myong Jo,Kang, Il-Jun,Won, Moo-Ho Springer-Verlag 2012 Experimental brain research Vol.223 No.2

<P>Tetanus toxin (TeT) is an exotoxin and has a capacity for neuronal binding and internalization. In the present study, we compared changes in the immunoreactivities and protein levels of interleukin (IL-) 2 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and IL-4 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the hippocampus proper (HP) and dentate gyrus (DG) after systemic treatment of 10 or 100?ng/kg TeT into mice. In this study, we could not find any neuronal damage or loss in any subregions of the hippocampus after TeT treatment. In the control groups, strong IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the stratum pyramidal (SP) of the HP and in the granule cell layer (GCL) of the DG. At 6?h post-treatment, IL-2 immunoreactivity was hardly detected in the SP and GCL; however, strong IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the stratum oriens of the HP in both the groups. Thereafter, intermediate IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the SP and GCL. On the other hand, intermediate IL-4 immunoreactivity was detected in the SP and GCL of the control groups. At 6?h post-treatment, IL-4 immunoreactivity in the SP and GCL was apparently increased. Thereafter, IL-4 immunoreactivity was lower than that at 6?h post-treatment. In brief, IL-2 and 4 immunoreactivities were easily detected in SP and GCL in the controls and dramatically decreased and increased at 6?h post-treatment, respectively.</P>

<i>In vivo</i> genotoxicity evaluation of lung cells from Fischer 344 rats following 28 days of inhalation exposure to MWCNTs, plus 28 days and 90 days post-exposure

Kim, Jin Sik,Sung, Jae Hyuck,Choi, Byung Gil,Ryu, Hyeon Yeol,Song, Kyung Seuk,Shin, Jae Hoon,Lee, Jong Seong,Hwang, Joo Hwan,Lee, Ji Hyun,Lee, Gun Ho,Jeon, Kisoo,Ahn, Kang Ho,Yu, Il Je Informa Healthcare 2014 INHALATION TOXICOLOGY Vol. No.

<P>Despite their useful physico-chemical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) continue to cause concern over occupational and human health due to their structural similarity to asbestos. Thus, to evaluate the toxic and genotoxic effect of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on lung cells <I>in vivo</I>, eight-week-old rats were divided into four groups (each group = 25 animals), a fresh air control (0 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>), low (0.17 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>), middle (0.49 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>), and high (0.96 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>) dose group, and exposed to MWCNTs <I>via</I> nose-only inhalation 6 h per day, 5 days per week for 28 days. The count median length and geometric standard deviation for the MWCNTs determined by TEM were 330.18 and 1.72 nm, respectively, and the MWCNT diameters ranged from 10 to 15 nm. Lung cells were isolated from five male and five female rats in each group on day 0, day 28 (only from males) and day 90 following the 28-day exposure. The total number of animals used was 15 male and 10 female rats for each concentration group. To determine the genotoxicity of the MWCNTs, a single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay) was conducted on the rat lung cells. As a result of the exposure, the olive tail moments were found to be significantly higher (<I>p</I> < 0.05) in the male and female rats from all the exposed groups when compared with the fresh air control. In addition, the high-dose exposed male and middle and high-dose exposed female rats retained DNA damage, even 90 days post-exposure (<I>p</I> < 0.05). To investigate the mode of genotoxicity, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, TGF- β, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ) were also measured. For the male rats, the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> levels were significantly higher in the middle (0 days post-exposure) and high- (0 days and 28 days post-exposure) dose groups (<I>p</I> < 0.05). Conversely, the female rats showed no changes in the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> levels. The inflammatory cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid did not show any statistically significant difference. Interestingly, the short-length MWCNTs deposited in the lung cells were persistent at 90 days post-exposure. Thus, exposing lung cells to MWCNTs with a short tube length may induce genotoxicity.</P>

TPA로 유도된 마우스 귀 부종 동물모델에서 소목추출물의 항염증 효과

음원식(Won Sik Eum),이광재(Kwang-Jae Lee),김대원(Dae Won Kim),임순성(Soon Sung Lim),강일준(Il-Jun Kang),박진서(Jinseu Park),최수영(Soo Young Choi) 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.42 No.3

본 연구를 통하여 TPA로 유도한 마우스 귀 부종 염증반응에 대한 소목추출물의 항염증 효능과 기전을 확인하였다. 소목추출물은 TPA로 유도한 마우스 귀 부종을 억제하였으며, TPA에 의한 염증관련 단백질인 COX-2 발현 및 cytokine(IL-6, TNF-α 그리고 IL-1β)의 mRNA 발현을 현저히 감소시켰다. 또한 TPA에 의한 NF-κB 및 MAPK의 활성을 억제하였다. 본 연구 결과, 소목추출물은 NF-κB 및 MAPK의 신호전달을 억제함으로서 항염증 효능을 나타내었다. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from Caesalpinia sappan L. (CSL) on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema in mice. Skin inflammation was detected by immunohistochemistry and the protein and mRNA expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR. The activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were analyzed by Western blotting. CSL extracts markedly inhibited the TPA-induced expression of COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Also, CSL extracts significantly reduced the activation of NF-κB and MAPK. These results suggest that CSL extracts may serve as therapeutic agents against skin diseases related to inflammation.

골수이식 후 사이토카인과 골교체 생화학적표지자의 변화 및 상관관계

민우성,강무일,한제호,강성구,오기원,이원영,김혜수,문성대,손현식,신완식,김춘추,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.1

Background : Loss of bone mass is usually detected after BMT. The causes of bone loss are related with gonadal dysfunction and immunosuppressants. Cytokines, especially IL-6, play an important role in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the pathogenetic role of cytokines in post-BMT bone loss is unknown and data on the changes of cytokines in accordance with bone turnover markers are scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship of bone turnover markers and cytokines of peripheral blood and bone marrow before and after allogeneic BMT. Methods : This prospective study included two analyses. The first was a study of 46 BMT recipients, examining the relationship between bone turnover markers and cytokines of serum which were measured before and 1, 2, 3, 4 week and 3 months after BMT. The second was a study of 14 BMT patients, measuring bone marrow plasma cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-? at post-BMT 3 week and bone turnover marker at the same time to assess the relationship beween two parameters. Results : Serum ICTP, bone resorption marker, increased progressively until 4 weeks (peak) after BMT and then decreased thereafter. Serum osteocalcin, bone formation marker, decreased progressively until 3 weeks after BMT and then increased thereafter. There was positive correlation between serum ICTP and bone marrow IL-6 levels at the post-BMT 3 week with a statistical significance, but the correlation between bone turnover markers and bone marrow TNF-? or peripheral blood cytokines was not found. Conclusion : Our data suggest that the progressive increase of bone resorption after BMT is related with the increase of bone marrow IL-6, which is a potent stimulator of bone resorption in vivo(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 15:85-96, 2000).

우리나라 광역자치단체의 Fungibility 가설 검증 : 시계열 자료를 중심으로 The Case of Time-Series Data

강성식,김일태 한국경상학회, 한국국민경제학회 2003 경제연구 Vol.21 No.2

본 논문은 국고보조금의 지원대상이 되는 사업 가운데 경제개발비를 대상으로 1976년부터 2000년까지 자료를 사용하여 우리나라 광역자치단체의 fungibility 가설을 실증적으로 검증하였다. 가설 검증은 시계열 자료의 확률적 안정성 여부를 검토하는 단위근 검정과 공적분 검정을 실시하여 다중회귀식으로 추정하였다. 본 논문의 실증분석 결과는 서울이외의 광역자치단체에서는 경제개발비에 대한 광역자치단체의 지출행위에서 fungibility 가설을 지지하는 결과를 확인할 수 있었으며, 서울특별시의 경우에만 역 fungibility 가설을 지지하는 것을 보여 주고 있다. 이는 서울을 제외한 광역자치단체는 국고보조금의 수혜와 동반되는 법적 제약에 구속되지 않고 보조금의 일정부분을 자체재원으로 편입시켜 사용하고 있으며 따라서 국고보조금제도의 자원배분기능 이외에도 지방정부간 수평적 소득이전 기능도 수행하고 있다고 해석할 수 있다. This paper presents expenditure function and analyzes the effect on national subsidies expenditure for time-series data , 1976-2000 to test fungibility hypothesis in Korean local government. This paper also estimates the possibility of inverse fungibility : that is, the hypothesis that local governments convert some fraction of their own fungible resources into the provision of public service aided by conditional grants. We assume t h a t local government has no discretion to change local tax rates in the context of utility maximizing model and provide unit root and cointegration test to examine the stationarity of time-series data. The results derived in this paper confirm fungibility hypothesis of economic development expenditure in local governments except Seoul and find the possibility of inverse fungibility in Seoul region. These results imply that the grants provided by central government t o subsidize economic development expenditure are sufficient for local governments to implement the programs, and then local governments can transfer public provision of the programs to some fraction of their own fungible resources.

말초혈액에서 Tg mRNA에 대한 역전사 중합효소 연쇄 반응법의 갑상선 재발암의 분자생물학적 진단

권성일,박기룡,김현영,신채희,임영찬,최영식,박요한,이강대,장희경,이재화,염하용 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.4

연구배경: 갑상선암은 다른 조직에 발생한 암에 비해 비교적 천천히 자라므로 대부분 예후가 양호하지만, 일부에서는 주위 조직으로 침윤하거나 혹은 원격 전이로 인하여 치명적인 결과를 초래할 수 있다. 갑상선전절제술 및 131^I 제거술 후 경과 관찰시 갑상선암의 재발과 전이의 진단에 있어 131^I 스캔과 혈청 Tg의 측정이 현재 임상에서 가장 많이 이용되고 있으나 이 방법에는 여러 가지의 결점이 있다. 최근 Tg mRNA에 대한 RT-PCR법을 이용한 여러 연구결과는 131^I 스캔과 혈청 Tg 측정의 결점을 보완할 수 있는 좋은 보조적인 진단법으로 이용할 수 있을 가능성을 제시하였다. 이에 말초혈액에서 측정한 Tg mRNA에 대한 RT-PCR법이 갑상선 절제술 및 방사성요드 치료 후 갑상선암의 재발 및 전이 유무의 진단에 유용한가를 알아보고자 이 연구 시행하였다. 방법: 분화된 갑상선암으로 진단된 후 갑상선전절제술을 시행받고 방사성요드 치료를 받은 환자 중 현재까지 한차례에 이상 추적 방사성요드 전신 스캔을 시행하고 추적관찰이 가능했던 유두선암 35예, 여포선암 5예를 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 대상군은 131^I 스캔 소견상 음성인 군(Group Ⅰ), 잔여조직이 있는 군(Group Ⅱ), 국소전이가 있는 군(Group Ⅲ), 및 원격전이 군(Group Ⅳ)으로 구분하였다. 정상 대조군은 갑상선질환이 없는 10예의 건강인으로 하였다. 대상환자의 말초혈액을 이용한 Tg mRNA에 대해 특이적인 primer를 이용하여 RT-PCR 및 nested RT-PCR을 시행하였다. 결과: 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 131^I 스캔 소견상 음성인 군 21예 중 1예에서 Tg가 양성소견을 보였다. Anti Tg Ab가 양성인 4예 모두 Tg가 음성을 보였다. 잔여조직이 있거나 국소전이 및 원격전이를 보인 군 19예 중 Tg가 양성인 경우는 4예였으나, Tg mRNA는 전예에서 양성이었다. 2) 131^I 스캔에서 국소 및 원격전이 소견을 보인 8예 중 4예에서 Tg가 음성으로 131^I 스캔과 혈청 Tg 사이에 불일치 소견을 보였다. 3) 말초혈액에서 특이적인 primer를 이용하여 RT-PCR 및 nested RT-PCR을 시행한 결과 대상군 40예 및 정상 대조군 10예 모두에서 Tg mRNA가 양성을 보였다. 결론: 본 연구에서 갑상선 절제술 및 방사성요드 치료 후 갑상선암의 재발 및 전이 유무를 평가함에 있어 역전사 중합효소 연쇄 반응법을 이용한 Tg mRNA 측정의 의의는 재평가되어야 한다고 생각된다. Background: Differentiated thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Despite advances in the treatment of thyroid cancer, disease recurrence and metastasis may occur in as many as 20% of patients, and so continues to pose major problems in its clinical management. Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) measurements, by immunoassay, are used to detect residual or recurrent thyroid cancer following thyriod ablation. However, the usefulness of immunoassay is limited by both the requirement for thyroid hormone withdrawal, to attain optimal test sensitivity, and interference by the antithyroglobulin antibody (Anti-Tg Ab). Recent studies have reported the clinical usefulness of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of Tg mRNA in the peripheral blood of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas. We performed this study to evaluated the usefulness RT-PCR of Tg mRNA in peripheral blood of patients with thyroid carcinoma following a total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation therapy. Methods: Forty cases that underwent a total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation therapy were included in this study. Of the 40 patients, 35 were papillary carcinomas and 5 were follicular carcinomas. Ten normal control subjects were also studied. Tg mRNA was extracted. Then RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR, were run with specific Tg primers. Concurrently, DNA sequencing of the isolates was carried out to prove the isolates were identical to the nucleotide sequence of the Tg. Results: The Tg was detected in 4 of 19 patients, with either a residual thyroid bed, or metastasis, on a 131^I whole body scan and in 1 of 21 patients with a negative radioiodine scan. Surprisingly, the Tg mRNA was detected in all the patients and normal controls. Conclusion: From our results we can not recommend Tg mRNA, detected by RT-PCR in peripheral blood, as a tumor marker superior to that of the Tg serum level. We consider an intensive re-evaluation of the method is required before considering its clinical applications (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 17:501∼513, 2002).

영산강 상류일부의 水質汚染에 관한 調査硏究 : 산동교를 중심해서

류일광,이치영,강영식,김관천 광주보건대학 1990 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

Water quality of Young San river was examined for 3 months from April 12, 1989. to Jun 12, 1989. For checking the water quality 4 sampling position were selected. The results we obtained are as follows. 1. The average for Young San river was 6.6∼7.4 of pH, 3.6∼8.7mg/ℓof Dissolved dxygen (DO), 18.67∼33.47mg/ℓof chemical oxygen demand (COD), 47.66∼250mg/ℓ of suspended solid (SS), 37.83∼114.66mg/ℓ of N-hexane abstraction maters, 5.16∼6.63mg/ℓ of BOD. 2. The monthly average for Young San river was 6.5∼7.5 pH,3.5∼10.4mg/ℓ of DO. 15.07∼48.90mg/ℓ COD, 6.2∼10.2 mg/ℓ of BOC, 2∼250mg/ℓ of SS. 2∼124mg/ℓ of N-hexane abstraction mater, in April, 6.2∼7.5 of pH, 3.5∼8.2mg/ℓ of DO, 2.4∼5.7mg/ℓ BOD, 18.21∼32mg/ℓ of COD, 16∼123mg/ℓ of SS, 9.5∼95mg/ℓ of N-hexane abstraction matter, in May 6.9∼7.5 of pH, 3.8∼7.50mg/ℓ of pH, 3.8∼7.50mg/ℓ of DO, 4.0∼5.8mg/ℓ of BOD, 18.23∼of COD, 123∼163mg/ℓ of SS, 102∼125mg/ℓ of N-hexane abstraction matter in Jun. 3. The sampling positions averag for Young San San river was 6.9∼7.5 of pH, 7.5∼10.4mg/ℓ of DO, 15.07∼22.8mg/ℓ of COD, 3.5∼6.2mg/ℓ of BOD, 2∼125mg/ℓ of ss, 2∼102mg/ℓ of N-hexane abstraction matter in posiction 1.7.3∼7.5 of pH, 6.0∼7.5mg/ℓ of DO, 46.25∼52.05mg/ℓ of COD, 2.4∼8.5mg/ℓ of BOD, 58∼123mg/ℓ of SS, 62∼120mg/ℓ of N-hexane abstration matter in position 2. 6.2∼7.3 of pH, of pH, 4.23∼6.7mg/ℓ of DO, 4.9∼7,9mg/ℓ of BOD, 18.23∼36.75mg/ℓ of COD, 89∼152mg/ℓ of SS, 75∼123mg/ℓ of N-hexane abstraction matter, in position 3, 6.5∼7.2 of pH, 4.0∼10.2mg/ℓ of BOD, 3.5∼3.82mg/ℓ of DO, 23.6∼52.32mg/ℓ of COD, 123∼250mg/ℓ of SS, 95∼125mg/ℓ of N-hexane abstraction matter in position 4.

Cadmium Sulfate가 肝組織에 미치는 影響에 관한 形態學的 硏究

윤강호,박경란,김수일,노승무,김원식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1991 충남의대잡지 Vol.18 No.2

Cadmium is well known toxic heavy metal which has been related with various pathologic conditions of liver, kindney, testis, cardiovascular system and central nervous system etc.. In this experiment, cadmium sulfate (1.2mg/100gm b.w.) was given intravenously into the mouse (Balb - C, b. w. 20 - 25gm) via tail vein for the study on morphological changes of liver. On the 8hours, 16hours and 24hours after administration, mice were sacrificed under ether anesthesia, liver was removed, then, a part of liver was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution, processed routinely, stained with hematoxylin & eosin, and observed under light microscope. Otherwise, the remainder portion of liver tissue was prefixed in 1.5% glutaraldehyde solution, postfixed in the 1% osmium tetraoxide solution, embedded with Epon 840, and observed under transmission electron microscope(H-7000, Hitachi Co.). The results obtained were as followings ; 1. On light microscopic observation, hemorrhagic necrosis at the zone Ⅰ and zone Ⅱ with congestion of hepatic lobules were found. 2. On transmission electron microscopic observation, cisternal dilation of RER & SER, autophagic vacuoles, myelin figures, and certain electron dense materials within the hepatocytes were found. Although this observations were limited in mice, the above findings of its acute effects on liver morphology will serve morphological basis for the better understanding of toxic effects on liver after chronic exposure or multiple interactions with other toxic substances.

구강악안면 영역의 치성 감염 환자에 대한 세균학적 연구

김일규,윤승환,오성섭,최진호,오남식,김의성,이성호,배수환,강문수 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.4

Oral & maxillofacial infections are most commonly odontogenic in origin. Although such infections are usually self-limiting, they may occasionally spread deeply into fascial spaces or planes far from the initial site of involvement. If early diagnosis and appropriate therapy is delayed, complications such as mediastinal extension, retropharyngeal spread and airway obstruction could happen to the patients. For the study of the microbiology, we have retrospectively analysed the oral & maxillofacial infected patients in the Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, In-Ha University Hospital from 1997 September to 2000 April. The results were as follows 1.The male patients were more common than female, with male 61.9% and female 38.1%. 2.Dental originated infections were most common cause with the incidence of 62%. 3.Most common fascial space involved was buccal space 42cases(37.2%) followed by submandibular space 13cases(11.5%), infraorbital space 13cases(11.5%), masseteric space 11cases(9.7%) , periapical abscess 11cases(9.7%) . 4.The causative organisms isolated from the pus culture were Gram Positive Bacterial species, which were 46cases(31.9%) of Streptococcus viridans, 16cases(8.6%) of α and β-hemolytic streptococcus, 4cases(3.1%) of Strep.-group D non enterococci, 7cases(5.1%) of Staphylococcus Coa. Neg., 5cases(3.9%) of Staphylococcus aureus, 3cases(2.3%) of Enterococcus faecalis, 1case(0.8%) of Bacillus species, 1case(0.8%) of Peptostreptococcus, 1case(0.8%) of Clostridium and Gram negative bacterial species, which were 4cases(3.1%) of Acinetobacter baumannii, 2cases(1.6%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2cases(1.6%) of Burkholderia cepacia, 1case(0.8%) of Neisseria species, 1case(0.8%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 1case(0.8%) of Klebsiella oxytoca, 1case(0.8%) of Escherichia coli. 5.In drug sensitivity test, high resistant tendency was found in Penicillin system(Penicillin G 83.3%, Ampicillin 60%) and Aminoglycosides (Gentamycin 50%, Tobramycin 45.5%), but tertiary Cephalosporin system(Cefoperazone 9.1%, Ceftazidime 18.2%), and glycopeptides system (Teicoplanin 0% , Vancomycin 0%) showed lower resistancy.