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최형규,윤수연,김수연,송민규,Hyung-gyu Choi,Su-yeon Yun,Soo-youn Kim,Min-kyu Song 반도체공학회 2023 반도체공학회 논문지 Vol.1 No.1
This paper presents a low-power flip-flop(FF) circuit that minimizes the transition of internal nodes by using a dual change-sensing method. The proposed dual change-sensing FF(DCSFF) shows the lowest dynamic power consumption among conventional FFs, when there is no input data transition. From the measured results with 65nm CMOS process, the power consumption has been reduced by 98% and 32%, when the data activity is 0% and 100%, respectively, compared to conventional transmission gate FF(TGFF). Further, compared to change-sensing FF(CSFF), the power consumption of proposed DCSFF is smaller by 30%. 본 논문에서는 dual change-sensing 기법을 사용하여 내부 노드 변환을 최소화시킨 저전력 플립플롭 회로를 제안한다. 제안하는 Dual Change-Sensing Flip-Flop(DCSFF)은 데이터 변환이 존재하지 않는 경우, 기존에 존재하던 플립플롭들 중 동적 전력 소모가 가장 낮다. 65nm CMOS 공정을 사용한 측정 결과에 따르면, conventional Transmission Gate Flip-Flop(TGFF)와 비교하여 data activity 가 0% 와 100% 일때, 각각 98%와 32%의 감소된 전력 소모를 보였다. 또한 Change-Sensing Flip-lop(CSFF)과 비교하여 제안하는 DCSFF 는 30% 의 낮은 전력 소모를 보였다.
임상연구 : 마취유도 시 Rocuronium의 정주통 예방을 위한 8.4% Sodium Bicarbonate의 적정용량
최형규 ( Hyung Gyu Choi ),김두식 ( Doo Sik Kim ),장태호 ( Tae Ho Chang ),김세환 ( Se Hwan Kim ),김경한 ( Kyung Han Kim ),류시정 ( Sie Jeong Ryu ) 대한마취과학회 2006 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.51 No.2
Background: The administration of rocuronium is associated with severe burning pain on injection that lasts for approximately 10- 20 seconds. Injection pain is probably caused by the acidic pH of rocuronium. Mixing rocuronium with 8.4% sodium bicarbonate might neutralize the acidic pH thereby decrease the level of injection pain. This study investigated the appropriate sodium bicarbonate dose for preventing injection pain. Methods: The study examined 250 patients (aged 20 to 60 years) from ASA I and II groups who scheduled for elective surgery. The patients were divided randomly into five groups. The control group (SB0) received rocuronium 50 mg (5 ml) only and the experimental groups received rocuronium 50 mg mixed with 8.4% sodium bicarbonate 1 (SB1), 2.5 (SB2.5), 5 (SB5), 7 (SB7) ml, respectively. The level of pain was evaluated as the withdrawal response as follows: no movement, 0; hand and wrist movement, 1 point; ipsilateral arm movement, 2 points; and general movement 3 points. Results: The incidence of a withdrawal response was 68% in the control group (SB0). On the other hand, the incidence of a withdrawal response was 38%, 28%, 14% and 12% in the SB1, SB2.5, SB5 and SB7 groups, respectively. The withdrawal response was significantly lower in the experimental groups than in the control group (P < 0.01). In the experimental groups, a significant difference was observed between the SB1 and SB5, SB7 groups. However, there was no significant difference observed between the SB2.5, SB5 and SB7 groups. Conclusions: Mixing 5 ml of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate with rocuronium 50 mg (5 ml) is the most effective in preventing the injection pain associated with rocuronium during the induction of anesthesia. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2006; 51: 162~6)
수영훈련과 써키트 웨이트 트레이닝의 복합훈련이 신체구성, 근력 및 심폐기능에 미치는 영향
김성수,김영표,천병옥,신말순,최형규,김은경,조영택 대한스포츠의학회 1998 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.16 No.2
The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of combined swim training and circuit weight training on body compsition, strength, and cardiorespiratory function. The subjects for this study were twenty-one healthy male university students who participated in this experiment voluntarily and didn't have any disease. The subjects were randomly assigned to swim training(N=7), combined swim training and circuit weight training(N=7), and control group(N=7). The training groups participated in 12 weeks program. The swim training program performed 120 min in about, four times a week at the intensity of 70∼80% HRmax. The circuit weight training included three times a week on non-consecutive days at 40% of one-repetition maximum at each stations. The results were summarized as follows; The combined swim training and circuit weight training group had a significant decrease in body fat percentage(8, 12 weeks), body fat and rest heart rate(12 weeks), and a significant increase in lean body mass, back strength left arm strength and right arm strength(12 weeks), V˙O_2max and treadmill time(8, 12 weeks) after training, respectively. The swim training group decreased significantly in body fat percentage, rest heart rate(12 weeks), and increased significantly in back strength, V˙O_2max(12 weeks), and treadmill time(8, 12 weeks) after training, respectively. In conclusion, the combined swim training and circuit weight training program was shown to be superior to swim training program. Therefore, combined training program were effective in improving measure of body compositio, strength, and cardiorespiratory function.
장기간의 지구성 훈련이 쥐의 혈중 항산화 효소 , GSH 및 지질 과산화에 미치는 영향
김성수,신말순,김영표,천병옥,최형규 한국운동과학회 1998 운동과학 Vol.7 No.2
장기간의 지구성 훈련이 쥐의 혈중 항산화 효소, GSH 및 지질 과산화에 미치는 영향. 운동과학, 제7권 제2호. 185-194, 1998. 본 연구자는 장기간의 지구성 훈련과 장기간 지구성 탈진 훈련에 의해 혈중 항산화 효소 및 GSH, 지질 과산화 변화를 쥐를 대상으로 한 실험을 통해 관찰함으로써 항산화 효소, GSH, 지질 과산화의 생화학적 적응(biochemical adaptation)을 명확히 밝히는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 Sprague-Dawley 흰쥐를 대상으로 지구성 훈련 집단 21마리(20m/min, 0%, 1hr, 5days/week), 지구성 탈진 훈련 집단 21마리(수영 훈련: 탈진시까지 훈련), 통제 집단 21마리를 무작위 추출하여 12주간 훈련시켜 혈중의 SOD, CAT, GSH, LPO의 변화를 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. SOD 활성도는 훈련 12주 후 통제집단과 비교해 훈련 집단에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다. CAT 활성도는 훈련 8주 후 지구성 훈련 집단과 지구성 탈진 훈련 집단은 통제 집단과 비교해 유의하게 높게 나타났고, 훈련 12주 후에는 세 집단간 유의한 차이가 나타났으나 지구성 훈련 집단이 지구성 탈진 훈련 집단보다 높은 증가를 나타내었다. GSH 농도 변화는 훈련 8주 후 훈련 집단에서 유의한 감소를 나타내었으며, 훈련 12주 후 통제 집단과 지구성 탈진 훈련 집단과 비교해 지구성 훈련 집단에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다. LPO농도 변화는 훈련 12주 후 통제 집단과 비교해 훈련 집단에서 유의한 낮게 나타났다. 이상과 같은 결론으로 미루어 보아 12주간의 지구성 훈련에 따른 항산화 효소 활성의 증가, GSH 농도 증가, 지질 과산화의 감소는 항산화 방어 능력을 증진시킬 수 있고, 활성 산소에 방어 능력의 향상을 도모하며 산화 손상을 방지할 것으로 생각된다.
에네르겐 투여가 점증적 최대 운동시 혈중 호르몬대사 및 글루코스 농도에 미치는 영향
김성수,위승두,김영표,천병옥,신말순,최형규,임용택 대한스포츠의학회 1998 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.16 No.1
The study was designed to ivnestigate the effects of acute term Energen administration on hormone metabolism and glucose concentration in graded maximal exercise. The subjects consisted of 21 athletes(rugby player: N=8, baseball player: N=8, Basketball player: N=8). The subjects were performed cross test. Energen group and placebo group and asked to performance incremental maximal treadmill exercise at each subject's VO_2max(VO_2max 60∼80%). Each subject in experimental group was administrated Energen(250ml) 30min before exercise, 5min before exercise, 30min after begining of the VO_2max 60%. Hormone variable were measured pre and all out, post 30min after the Energen ingestion. The collected blood(5ml) were analyzed for Isulin, FFA, glucose concentration. The result through the statistical analysis of this data were summarized as followes; 1) Glucose concentaration in rugby player group, basketball player group, baseball player group was significant difference after exhaustion and in basketball player group, baseball player group after post 30min. 2) FFA concentaration in rugby player group, basketball player group, baseball player group was significant difference after exhaustion and in basketball player group baseball player group after post 30min. 3) Insulin concentaration in rugby player group, basketball player group, baseball player group was significant difference after exhaustion and in basketball player group baseball player group after post 30min.