Suppression of Lipid Uptake by Scopoletin on Co-treatment LPS and OxLDL Induced Foam Cell Formation

Hyunji Gu,Jung-Mi Yun 한국식품영양과학회 2020 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2020 No.10

Dietary glucosinolates inhibit splenic inflammation in high fat/cholesterol diet-fed C57BL/6 mice

HyunJi Gu,Min-Hee Gwon,Sang-Min Kim,Jung-Mi Yun 한국영양학회 2021 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.15 No.6

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation. The spleen is the largest organ of the lymphatic system and has an important role in immunity. Obesity-induced inflammatory responses are triggered by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) pathway signaling. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), major dietary glucosinolates present in cruciferous vegetables, have been reported to produce anti-inflammatory effects on various diseases. However, the effects of PEITC and DIM on the obesity-induced inflammatory response in the spleen are unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the antiinflammatory effects of PEITC and DIM on the spleen and their mechanism in high fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD)-fed C57BL/6 mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: We established an animal model of HFCD-induced obesity using C57BL/6 mice. The mice were divided into six groups: normal diet with AIN-93G diet (CON), high fat diet (60% calories from fat) with 1% cholesterol (HFCD), HFCD with PEITC 30 mg/kg/day or 75 mg/kg/day (HFCD+P30, HFCD+P75), and HFCD with DIM 1.5 mg/kg/day or 7.5 mg/kg/day (HFCD+D1.5, HFCD+D7.5). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze protein and mRNA levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, interleukin 6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88 in spleen tissue. RESULTS: Serum IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the HFCD group than in groups fed a HFCD with PEITC or DIM. Levels of NF-κB p65 protein and TLR2/4, MyD88, NF-κB p65, IL-6, and COX-2 mRNA were significantly higher in the HFCD group than in the CON group and were reduced by the PEITC and DIM supplements. CONCLUSIONS: PEITC- and DIM-supplemented diets improved splenic inflammation by modulating the TLR2/4-MyD88 pathway in HFCD-fed mice. We suggest that dietary glucosinolates may at least partially improve obesity-induced inflammation of the spleen.

Markov Transition Field를 적용한 RSSI 신호 기반 실내 위치 인식 연구

이현지(Hyunji Lee),김규리(Guri Kim),구연우(Yeonwoo Gu),강지헌(Jiheon Kang),이재호(Jaeho Lee) 한국통신학회 2022 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2

Wi-Fi 및 BLE 기반 핑거프린트 방식의 경우, 모바일 기기에서도 별도의 센서 없이 측위가 가능하다는 장점으로 인해 실내 측위 기술로 활용되고 있다. 그러나 실내 환경에서의 RSSI는 주변 장애물과 다중 경로 효과에 의해 신호가 왜곡되고 세기가 약해지는 단점이 존재한다. 본 논문은 불안정한 RSSI 기반 실내 위치 인식 정확도 향상을 위해 non-GPS 실내 환경에서 BLE RSSI 기반 핑거 프린트 방식 실내 측위 모델을 제안한다. 또한 검증 방안으로써 2m×3m 실내 공간의 8개의 AP에서 얻은 RSSI 신호를 시계열 데이터 이미지화 알고리즘인 Markov Transition Field로 변환하여 데이터셋을 구축했다. 제안된 모델은 변환된 데이터를 통해 범위 내의 위치를 분류하도록 학습된다. 실험 결과를 토대로, 테스트 정확도 97.6%, 98.2%를 나타냈으며 이는 이미지화 알고리즘의 CNN 적용이 우수한 성능을 낼 수 있음을 보여준다.

Hesperetin suppresses LPS/high glucose-induced inflammatory responses via TLR/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways in THP-1 cells

Aeri Lee,HyunJi Gu,Min-Hee Gwon,Jung-Mi Yun 한국영양학회 2021 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.15 No.5

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Unregulated inflammatory responses caused by hyperglycemia may induce diabetes complications. Hesperetin, a bioflavonoid, is a glycoside in citrus fruits and is known to have antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. However, the effect of inflammation on the diabetic environment has not been reported to date. In this study, we investigated the effect of hesperetin on proinflammatory cytokine secretion and its underlying mechanistic regulation in THP-1 macrophages with co-treatment LPS and hyperglycemic conditions. MATERIALS/METHODS: THP-1 cells differentiated by PMA (1 μM) were cultured for 48 h in the presence or absence of hesperetin under normoglycemic (5.5 mM/L glucose) or hyperglycemic (25 mM/L glucose) conditions and then treated with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 6 h before harvesting. Inflammation-related proteins and mRNA levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. RESULTS: Hesperetin (0–100 μM, 48 h) treatment did not affect cell viability. The tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels increased in cells co-treated with LPS under hyperglycemic conditions compared to normoglycemic conditions, and these increases were decreased by hesperetin treatment. The TLR2/4 and MyD88 activity levels increased in cells co-treated with LPS under hyperglycemic conditions compared to normoglycemic conditions; however, hesperetin treatment inhibited the TLR2/4 and MyD88 activity increases. In addition, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Acetyl-NF-κB levels increased in response to treatment with LPS under hyperglycemic conditions compared to normoglycemic conditions, but those levels were decreased when treated with hesperetin. SIRT3 and SIRT6 expressions were increased by hesperetin treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that hesperetin may be a potential agent for suppressing inflammation in diabetes.

석고플라스터의 처짐 저항성과 공기량에 미치는 공기연행제의 영향

정현지(Jeong, Hyunji),구본혁(Gu, Bonhyeok),최낙운(Choi, Nakwoon) 대한건축학회 2015 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.-

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Dietary Glucosinolates on High Fat/Cholesterol Diet-Induced C57BL/6 Mice-Induced Spleen Inflammation

Min-Hee Gwon,HyunJi Gu,Sang-Min Kim,Jung-Mi Yun 한국식품영양과학회 2020 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2020 No.10

THP-1 대식세포에서 Ox-LDL과 LPS 병용 처리에 의한 3,3"-Diindolylmethane(DIM)의 거품세포 형성 억제 효과

임영선(Young-Sun Im),구현지(HyunJi Gu),윤정미(Jung-Mi Yun) 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.50 No.7

본 연구는 십자화과 채소에 존재하는 DIM의 거품세포 억제효과와 항염증 효과를 연구하고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 인간단핵구 THP-1 세포를 대식세포로 분화시켰고 이에 Ox-LDL, LPS를 병용 처리하여 죽상동맥경화 세포 환경을 만들었다. DIM의 연구에 사용된 모든 농도에서 세포독성이 없었다. Ox-LDL과 LPS 병용 처리군의 lipid uptake를 강하게 보여줌으로써 거품세포가 형성되었음을 Oil red O 염색을 통해서 확인할 수 있었다. 즉, 거품세포의 양성반응이 진하게 나타났으며 지질 밀도가 유의적으로 높았다. 이러한 거품 세포의 지질축적은 DIM 처리 시 유의적으로 억제됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 이의 결과와 관련된 분자 수준에서의 유전자 발현을 보면 Ox-LDL과 LPS 병용 처리 시에 콜레스테롤 유출 관련 유전자는 감소하고 지질 축적 관련 유전자 발현은 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이에 DIM을 처리했을 때 콜레스테롤 유출 관련 유전자인 ABCA1, PPARγ, LXRα의 발현은 DIM의 농도가 높아질수록 발현이 높아졌으며, 지질 축적 관련 유전자인 CD36, LOX-1 유전자에서는 DIM의 농도가 높아질수록 발현이 낮아졌다. 결론적으로 본 연구결과를 통해서 DIM은 거품세포 형성을 억제하는 잠재적 가능성을 지닌 식이인자로 여겨지며, DIM을 함유한 식품 섭취를 통해 염증 및 죽상동맥경화증을 억제 또는 예방할 가능성이 있으리라 생각된다. Foam cell formation characterized by lipid accumulation is a hallmark of the early stages of atherosclerosis. Foam cells form fatty streaks of plaques in the arteries and lead to atherosclerosis. 3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a dietary agent derived from cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and cauliflower. DIM has been shown to exhibit anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. But the inhibitory effects of DIM on foam cell formation are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of DIM on cholesterol efflux and lipid accumulation in THP-1 foam cells and its underlying molecular mechanism. We exposed a THP-1 derived macrophage to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL, 0 μg/mL) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 500 ng/mL) to initiate foam cell formation and carried out an analysis using MTT assay and western blotting. DIM decreased the expression of cluster of differentiation 36, lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1, and nuclear factor-κB, while it increased liver X receptor α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and ATP-binding cassette cholesterol transporter A1 expressions compared to the co-treatment of Ox-LDL and LPS. Taken together, DIM inhibited foam cell formation via the induction of cholesterol efflux and lipid accumulation. Also, DIM inhibited the inflammation induced by foam cells. Thus, DIM may be a potent candidate for the treatment and prevention of inflammation and atherosclerosis.

Cellular growth and fatty acid content of Arctic chlamydomonadalean

Jung, Woongsic,Kim, Eun Jae,Lim, Suyoun,Sim, Hyunji,Han, Se Jong,Kim, Sanghee,Kang, Sung-Ho,Choi, Han-Gu The Korean Society of Phycology 2016 ALGAE Vol.31 No.1

Arctic microalgae thrive and support primary production in extremely cold environment. Three Arctic green microalgal strains collected from freshwater near Dasan Station in Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, Arctic, were analyzed to evaluate the optimal growth conditions and contents of fatty acids. The optimal growth temperature for KNF0022, KNF0024, and KNF0032 was between 4 and 8℃. Among the three microalgal strains, KNF0032 showed the maximal cell number of 1.6 × 107 cells mL^-1 at 4℃. The contents of fatty acids in microalgae biomass of KNF0022, KNF0024, and KNF0032 cultured for 75 days were 37.34, 73.25, and 144.35 mg g^-1 dry cell weight, respectively. The common fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) analyzed from Arctic green microalgae consisted of palmitic acid methyl ester (C16:0), 5,8,11-heptadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (C17:3), oleic acid methyl ester (C18:1), linoleic acid methyl ester (C18:2), and α-linolenic acid methyl ester (C18:3). KNF0022 had high levels of heptadecanoic acid methyl ester (26.58%) and heptadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (22.17% of the total FAMEs). In KNF0024 and KNF0032, more than 72.09% of the total FAMEs consisted of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid methyl ester from KNF0032 was detected at a high level of 20.13% of the FAMEs. Arctic freshwater microalgae are able to increase the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids under a wide range of growth temperatures and can also be used to produce valuable industrial materials.