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Organic blue light emitting materials based on spirobiflorene
Jeong-IkLee,HyoyoungLee,JiyoungOh,HyeYongChu,SeongHyunKim,YongSukYang,GiHeonKim,Lee-MiDo,TaehyoungZyung 한국물리학회 2003 Current Applied Physics Vol.3 No.6
Spirobiuorene derivative, which is useful for obtaining small molecule or polymer blue light emitting materials, has beenprepared. To improve the solubility of nal materials, long alkoxy side chains were introduced to spirobiuorene moiety. Couplingreaction with biphenyl led to small molecule blue light emitting material. A polymer blue light emitting material was obtainedthrough Ni(0) mediated polymerization. Using vacuum deposition and spin coating methods, small molecule and polymer lightemitting devices were fabricated and their device characteristics were investigated. In this paper, the detailed preparation methods ofsmall molecule and polymer materials, and the device characteristics will be discussed.. 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Trade Facilitation and Global Supply Chains
Hyo-young Lee 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2014 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.12 No.1
One of the important goals of trade facilitation is to lower the costs of trade that serve as a barrier to the developing countries from enjoying the benefits of increased trade and becoming integrated into global supply chains that account for nearly 60 percent of global trade today. The high trade costs that are plaguing most developing countries is mainly incurred from the lack of adequate trade-related infrastructure and low quality of institutions that hinder the efficient flow of goods across and within borders. Therefore, the trade facilitation rules that are contained in FTAs among bilateral trading partners are inevitably aimed at deepening their participation in the global value chain network. However, an observation of the FTAs concluded by Korea and the trade facilitation rules contained therein shows that the current trade facilitation rules in bilateral FTAs may be of little practical use for countries that lack the capacity to be involved in the international production activities in the first place. From the development perspective, the recently concluded WTO agreement on trade facilitation which takes full account of the special and differential treatment needs of the less developed country members appear more likely to contribute to providing the trading environment that is free from the barriers to trade that have inhibited the less developed countries from integration into the global supply chains and the benefits thereof.
Changing Paradigms in US and EU Supply Chains: Focusing on Sustainability Issues
Hyo-young Lee 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2021 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.19 No.4
In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, supply chains have become important policy tools to ensure the security and resilience of regional trading blocs of major economies. The US government’s focus on supply chains for selected strategic industries and the EU Commission’s renewed efforts to strengthen its supply chains using ‘sustainability standards’ coincides with the global trend in the shift towards digital and low-carbon economies. Furthermore, the rising tensions between the US and China, with no signs of reconciliation over key issues of contention, have emphasized the need for more credibility and trust in global supply chains. However, such policies also have the potential to serve as new barriers to participation in supply chains by less-developed economies which are not yet prepared to meet the high-level sustainability criteria which aim for higher protection of the environment and labor rights. There also seems to be an apparent shift in paradigm supporting the interventionist role of government that emphasize the need for more discretion for policy objectives that pursue societal and democratic values, not to mention national security interests. The current rules of international trade, however, do not sufficiently address these new issues and need to be realigned in order to meet the new demands. The current ‘rules of the game’ need to be reinforced in order to accommodate the rising need of countries for increased consideration of issues of sustainability and competitiveness.
Research Trend Analysis on Research Ethics in Korea
Hyo-Young LEE 한국유통과학회 2021 연구윤리 Vol.2 No.2
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the research trends of domestic research ethics and to draw implications for the limitations of existing research and future development directions through this. Research design, data and methodology: To this end, this study first examined the concept of research ethics and research area to derive an analysis frame. In addition, 72 academic papers published in domestic journals from 2000 to November 2020 were analyzed according to the research period, research area, research subject, research field, research method, and the nature of the journal. Results: As a result of the analysis, it is judged that social interest in research ethics led to academic interest after the 2005 Hwang Woo-seok incident. These characteristics show that the interest of academia is changing and increasing significantly when issues related to research ethics are raised socially. Of the 72 papers to be analyzed, 29 (40.3%) conceptual and theoretical studies on research ethics and 43 (59.7%) studies on practical measures were surveyed. Conclusions: In the case of published journals on research ethics, the proportion of publications in humanities and social sciences and pedagogical journals was high, and in research methods, literature and theoretical studies were the highest.
( Hyo Young Lee ),( Yun Bin Lee ),( Jeong-hoon Lee ),( Sungwon Chung ),( Minseok Albert Kim ),( Sun Woong Kim ),( Jun Sik Yoon ),( Young Chang ),( Eun Ju Cho ),( Su Jong Yu ),( Nam-joon Yi ),( Yoon Ju 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: We recently developed and validated a MoRAL score (=11 x √PIVKA + 2 x √AFP) that can predict the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) regardless of tumor size and number, which may reflect tumor cell biology. Patients with a low MoRAL score (≤ 314.8) showed excellent treatment outcomes after LDLT, even though they are beyond the Milan criteria. We investigated whether a MoRAL score is a predictor of HCC recurrence and mortality after curative hepatic resection. Methods: A total of 662 consecutive patients who underwent curative resection for HCC of BCLC stage 0-B between 2006 and 2013 at a single tertiary referral center were included. Primary and secondary endpoints were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively. Results: During a median observation period of 68.8 months, 326 (49.2%) patients experienced tumor recurrence and 59 (8.9%) died. In multivariable analysis, high MoRAL score (>314.8) was an independent risk factor of both recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.22-2.12, P=0.001) and death (aHR=2.62, 95% CI=1.49-4.59, P=0.001). The presence of cirrhosis was another independent prognostic factor for RFS (aHR=1.76, 95% CI=1.38-2.24, P<0.001) and OS (aHR=1.82, 95% CI=1.06- 3.14, P=0.031). When patients were stratified into four groups as low-MoRAL/no-cirrhosis, low-MoRAL/cirrhosis, high-MoRAL/ no-cirrhosis, or high-MoRAL/cirrhosis; the RFS (Figure 1A) and OS (Figure 1B) significantly differed among strata (all P<0.001). Median RFSs of the high-MoRAL/LC, the low-MoRAL/LC, and the high-MoRAL/no-LC groups were 20.4, 41.8, and 53.2 months, respectively; while the low-MoRAL/no-LC group did not reach median RFS. A MoRAL score showed significant association to hypermetabolism on positron emission tomography (P<0.001, chi-squared test for trend) and cytokeratin 19-positivity in tumor tissue (P=0.003, Pearson chi-square), which reflect aggressive tumor cell biology. Conclusions: A MoRAL score was an independent predictor of tumor recurrence and mortality after curative resection of HCC regardless of tumor size and number and reflects tumor biology. Combination of MoRAL score and the presence of cirrhosis might be utilized as an accurate prediction model.