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Kim, Hyo Kyeom,Yu, Il-Hyuk,Lee, Jae Ho,Park, Tae Joo,Hwang, Cheol Seong American Chemical Society 2013 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.5 No.4
<P>RuO<SUB>2</SUB> metal gates were fabricated by a reactive sputtering method under different O<SUB>2</SUB> gas ratios. For the given sputtering power of 60 W, a ∼13% O<SUB>2</SUB> ratio was the critical level below or over which RuO<SUB>2</SUB> film has hyperstoichiometric and stoichiometric compositions, which resulted in a difference in the effective work function by ∼0.2 eV. The stoichiometric RuO<SUB>2</SUB> film imposes almost no damaging effect to the underlying SiO<SUB>2</SUB> and HfO<SUB>2</SUB> gate dielectrics. The RuO<SUB>2</SUB> gate decreased the equivalent oxide thickness by ∼0.5 nm and leakage current by around two orders of magnitude compared to the Pt-gated samples.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2013/aamick.2013.5.issue-4/am302604e/production/images/medium/am-2012-02604e_0005.gif'></P>
Interfacial Dead-Layer Effects in Hf-Silicate Films with Pt or RuO<sub>2</sub> Gates
Kim, Hyo Kyeom,Yu, Il-Hyuk,Lee, Jae Ho,Hwang, Cheol Seong American Chemical Society 2013 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.5 No.14
<P>The interfacial dead-layer (DL) effects at the interfaces between Hf-silicate films and Pt or RuO<SUB>2</SUB> gate metals are examined. The Si content in the Hf-silicate film was controlled to vary the dielectric constant (<I>k</I>). The DL effect was strongly dependent on the <I>k</I> value of the Hf-silicate layer, and was suppressed when the Si content was increased to ∼80% (<I>k</I> ≈ 6). This Si content also coincides with the Fermi level pinning-free composition. Therefore, the optimum high-<I>k</I> gate dielectric structure could be a higher-<I>k</I> layer HfO<SUB>2</SUB> capped with a lower-<I>k</I> layer (<I>k</I> ≈ 6) with minimum thickness (∼1 nm) for the best dielectric performance.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2013/aamick.2013.5.issue-14/am401842h/production/images/medium/am-2013-01842h_0005.gif'></P>
Hyo Kyeom Kim,Sang Young Lee,Il-Hyuk Yu,Tae Joo Park,Choi, R.,Cheol Seong Hwang IEEE 2012 IEEE electron device letters Vol.33 No.7
<P>This letter compares TiN/La/TiN (TLT) and TiLaN (TLN) metal gates on HfO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si substrates, focusing on the flatband voltage (<I>V</I><SUB>FB</SUB>) modulation and interfacial layer (IL) scaling. The maximum <I>V</I><SUB>FB</SUB> modulation value of the TLT/HfO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si stack was -423 mV compared to the <I>V</I><SUB>FB</SUB> of the TiN single-metal case, which is superior to that of TLN (-247 mV). This is because the TiN barrier layer in the TLT metal stack prevents interfacial oxidation. Both TLT and TLN gate metals effectively shrink the IL thickness to values below 0.5 nm. In the case where the TLT metal gate was annealed at 600°C for 30 s, the IL thickness was almost zero, and the equivalent oxide thickness was decreased to 0.8 nm even though the maximum temperature was limited to 600°C.</P>
김민겸 ( Min-kyeom Kim ),김승현 ( Seunghyun Kim ),윤재원 ( Jae-won Yun ),정효균 ( Jeong-hyo Gyun ),곽민준 ( Min-jun Kwak ),안예린 ( Yea-lin Ahn ),박찬욱 ( Chan-wook Park ),김윤철 ( Youn-chul Kim ),서종환 ( Jonghwan Suhr ) 한국복합재료학회 2021 Composites research Vol.34 No.4
적층제조 기술의 발전으로 복잡한 구조의 제조가 용이해짐에 따라, 기존에 존재하지 않은 특성을 지닌 메타물질에 대한 관심이 커지고 있다. 기존에 존재하지 않은 기계, 음향, 열, 전자기 및 광학 특성을 지닌 메타물질은 높은 공학응용(Engineering applications) 가능성을 보여, 새로운 메타물질 개발 및 설계방안에 대한 연구를 지속적으로 진행하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 메타물질의 여러 특성 중 기존에 존재하지 않은 기계적 특성을 지닌 메타물질의 특성, 거동 및 물성을 소개하고 설계방안을 제시하고자 한다. 또한 설계한 메타물질을 제조하기 위해 여러 적층제조 방식별 메타물질 제조특성 들을 검토하여, 메타물질의 산업에서의 활용 가능성을 제시하고자 한다. As an additive manufacturing achieves technological advances, it enables to manufacture complex structures with saving a cost and time. Therefore, metamaterials, which has geometric complexity, have gradually gathered attention due to the unprecedented properties: the unprecedented mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, and optical properties. The metamaterials could exhibit a high potential in engineering applications, and thus it has been steadily investigated to design or/and develop novel metamaterials. Here, mechanical metamaterials, which had been reported, were reviewed to suggest the way to design and fabricate the metamaterials for industrial applications.
측면 연마된 광섬유 브래그 격자를 이용한 연속적인 광학적 RF 실시간 지연
채호동,김도환,김형준,이상신,김효겸,이규호,김광택,Chae, Ho-Dong,Kim, Do-Hwan,Kim, Hyoung-Jun,Lee, Sang-Shin,Kim, Hyo-Kyeom,Lee, Kyu-Hyo,Kim, Kwang-Taek 한국광학회 2004 한국광학회지 Vol.15 No.6
본 논문에서는 히팅용 전극이 코팅된 측면 연마된 광섬유 브래그 격자를 이용한 광학적 RF 실시간 지연을 제안하고 제작하였다. 이 소자는 기계적인 움직임이나 진동 없이 전압에 의하여 연속적으로 정밀하게 시간 지연값을 제어할 수 있는 특징을 갖는다. 전극에 인가되는 전압에 의해 유발되는 열광학효과를 통하여 광섬유 격자로부터 반사되는 광신호의 반사 위치를 변화시킴으로써 광신호에 변조용 신호로 실려서 전달되는 RF 신호의 시간 지연을 조절할 수 있다. 측정된 최대 시간 지연은 소비 전력이 280 mW일 때 약100 ps이다. In this paper, a photonic RF true-time delay based on a partially side-polished fiber Bragg grating with heating electrode has been proposed and fabricated. It features continuous voltage-controlled operation, requiring no mechanical perturbation and no moving parts. For an RF signal carried over an optical signal, the time delay has been obtained by controlling the voltage applied to the electrode and thus adjusting its reflection positions from the fiber grating via the thermooptic effect. The achieved time delay is about 100 ps with the electrical power consumption of 280 mW.
Impact of Long Term Bronchodilator in Symptomatic Patients with Bronchiectasis
( Hyo Jin Lee ),( Hyun Woo Lee ),( Jung-kyu Lee ),( Tae Yeon Park ),( Eun Young Heo ),( Deog Kyeom Kim ),( Hee Soon Chung ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.-
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the inhaled bronchodilator therapies and lung function improvement in patients with symptomatic bronchiectasis and confirmed airway limitation in pulmonary function test. Methods This retrospective cohort study assessed all patients who were diagnosed with bronchiectasis on chest computer tomography and complained of respiratory symptoms between 2006 and 2020. Patients who had been on combination bronchodilator treatments for at least three months after underwent baseline pre- and postbronchodilator spirometry and repeated spirometry after 3-12 months of bronchodilator therapy were divided into three groups: LABA/LAMA, ICS/LABA, and ICS/ LABA/LAMA. The primary outcomes were diverse clinical outcomes including the annual exacerbation rate, incidence of exacerbation, pneumonia, major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and mortality. The secondary outcomes were risk factors of exacerbation and the effect of combination inhaled bronchodilator contributing to the annual forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) change. Results Of the 179 included patients (LABA/LAMA group: 69 [38.5%]; ICS/LABA group: 52 [29.1%]; ICS/LABA/LAMA group: 58 [32.4%]), the annual exacerbation rate was statistically significantly lowest in the ICS/LABA group, followed by LABA/LAMA and ICS/ LABA/LAMA (0.32 vs. 0.45 vs. 0.66, P-value=0.033). Other clinical outcomes including incidence of moderate to severe exacerbation, pneumonia, MACE and mortality did not differ between groups. In multivariate cox regression analysis, ICS/LABA and ICS/LABA/LAMA group were each independently associated with a decreased risk of exacerbation compared to LABA/ LAMA group (adjusted odds ratio=0.415; [95% CI] 0.205-0.0.84, 0.372; [95% CI] 0.197-0.701). In mixed linear effect analysis, the annual FEV1 value was improved to 152.1ml in the ICS/LABA group and to 200.2ml in the ICS/LABA/LAMA group respectively compared to the LABA/LAMA group. Conclusion ICS/LABA and ICS/LABA/LAMA was associated with reduced risk of moderate to severe exacerbation and improved annual FEV1 value in symptomatic bronchiectasis patients treated with combination inhaled therapies.
( Hyo Jeong Oh ),( Young Mi Mok ),( Moon Seong Ba다 ),( Bong Soo Seo ),( Tae Hyeon Kim ),( Keum Ha Choi ),( In Kyeom Hwang ),( Ji Eun Ra ),( Yong Reol Oh ),( Yong Sung Kim ),( Eun Young Cho ),( Haak Ch 대한간학회 2013 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.19 No.3
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) has been reported in association with Sjogren`s syndrome (55). Drug-induced AIH has been rarely reported. A rare case of the co-development of AIH and 55 in a 53-year-old woman after the consumption of herbal medicines is described. After admission, the patient complained of dryness in her mouth, and she was subsequently diagnosed with 55, which had not been detected previously. The patient`s bilirubin and aminotransferase levels initially decreased following conservative management; however, they later began to progressively increase. A diagnosis of AIH was made based on the scoring system proposed by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. The patient was administered a combination of prednisolone and azathioprine, and the results of fOllow-up liver-function tests were found to be within the normal range. This is an unusual case of AIH and 55 triggered simultaneously by the administration of herbal medicines. ((Iin Mol HepatoI2013;19:30S-308)