홧병 경험군과 홧병 비경험군간의 홧병의 질병개념에 대한 비교연구

홍진표,김창윤,이창화,김성윤,박인호,이철,한오수 울산대학교 의과대학 1995 울산의대학술지 Vol.4 No.2

Objective The concept of Hwa-byung in terms of illness entity remains vague. In order to clarify such illness entity, this study was conducted to find out differences and similarities in subjects who experienced Hwa-byung and those who did not experienced Hwa-byung from a wide distribution within the general population. Method (1) Test Material The questionnaires were made up with reference to previously published articles on Hwa-byung, to SCL-90-R and to diagnostic criteria of DSM-Ⅲ-R. The questionnaires included the subject's demographic variables, their awareness of Hwa-byung, their experience of Hwa-byung, and also their opinions about its possible causes, precipitating factors, symptomatology, effective treatment modalities, course and prognosis of Hwa-byung. Such questionnaires were given to 50 subjects, all of whom are psychiatric out-patients at Asan Medical Center, for determining its validity and reliability before selecting 27 questionnaires. (2) Subject Subjects were recruited from among patients and their family members who visited the out-patient clinics of seven different departments at Asan Medical Center in Seoul a large metropolis (N=334), the out-patient clinics of seven different departments of Hae Sung General Hospital in the industrial city of Ulsan, Korea (N=299) and the seven branches of the public health center of Yeonchun county, Korea (N=262), a rural area. From these 895 subjects, 67 subjects who don't know about Hwa-byung and 34 subjects who didn't answered to the question on experience were eliminated from study subjects. The final number of study subjects was 794. (3) Methods of analysis The subjects were divided into the Hwa-byung experienced group and the Hwa-byung inexperienced group. The demographic data and the concepts of Hwa-byung were statistically analyzed by the student t-test or the chi-sq test. Results and Discussion The mean age of the Hwa-byung experienced group is significantly higher than that of the Hwa-byung inexperienced group. MOre women experienced Hwa-byung than men and lesser educated subjects experienced significantly more Hwa-byung. The place of residence, the place of upbringing and socioeconomic status have no significant difference statistically between the two groups. Both groups considered the primary cause of Hwa-byung as being psychological origin. However in the Hwa-byung experienced group, more subjects considered that the supernatural factor was the primary cause of Hwa-byung. One of the primary precipitating events causing Hwa-byung in both groups is conflict in interpersonal relationships ; however, the Hwa-byung inexperienced group exhibited more experiences in the realm of economical losses such as "failure of business" or "loss of capital" as precipitating factors causing Hwa-byung. Both groups consider that the symptoms of Hwa-byung are a combination of multiple physical and mental symptoms. With particular respect to in mental symptoms, such as depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and hostility are thought to be prominent features. As effective treatment modalities, subjects in both groups consider that both himself and his family members should make effort to resolve intrafamilial conflicts. But in contrast with the Hwa-byung inexperienced group, the Hwa-byung experienced group requires more concrete and more attention-giving modalities as important treatment strategies. The Hwa-byung experienced group considers its prognosis more grave than the Hwa-byung inexperienced group.

양격산화탕(凉膈散火湯)의 항염증(抗炎症) 효과에 대한 연구

탁미진,탁명림,강경화,고우신,윤화정,Tak, Mi-Jin,Tark, Myoung-Rim,Kang, Kyoung-Hwa,Ko, Woo-Shin,Yoon, Hwa-Jung 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2010 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Objective: Yang Geouk San Hwa - Tang (YGSHT) has been widely used in Sasang Constitutional Medicine of Korea for treatment of acute inflammatory symptom, such as palatine tonsillitis, polydipsia, headache, papule, pimple however, the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory activity has not been clarified. In this study, therefore, we investigated the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of YGSHT on LPS-induced inflammation. Materials and methods: The effect of YGSHT was analyzed by ELISA, RT-PCR and Western blotting in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Results: We found that YGSHT suppressed not only the production of pre-inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-$\alpha$), the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E (PGE)2, but also the mRNA expression of pre-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Furthermore, YGSHT was shown to inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 and the activation and translocation of NF-kB from cytosol to nuclear in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that YGSHT exerts an anti-inflammatory effect through the regulation of the ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 pathway and NF-kB pathway, thereby decreasing production of pre-inflammatory cytokines, NO, and PGE2.

습지-저류지에 의한 하구 담수호 수질개선 효과 예측

윤춘경 ( Yoon Chun Gyeong ),함종화 ( Ham Jong Hwa ) 한국농공학회 2000 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.42 No.5

Investigated was the effectiveness of a constructed wetland system on water quality in Hwa-Ong estuarine reservoir, located in Hwasung-Gun, Kyunggi-Do. Procedures for estimation of pollutant loading from watershed and required area for natural systems, and simulation of corresponding reservoir water quality were reviewed. Generally, simulated reservoir water quality was within the reasonable range, and about 15% of total polder farmland was required to meet the agricultural water quality standards. The model was applied based on the current loading condition without additional treatment systems. Wetland system is an ecologically sound treatment system. Therefore, natural systems can be an alternative measure for water quality improvement in polder projects. The area for natural systems was estimated using literature value which might be acceptable at the planning stage. However, pilot system and its experimental data are requisite for large scale field application. WASP5 was proved to be a useful and versatile model, and its application to estuarine reservoir water quality simulation was thought to be appropriate.

Do We Still Use The Camitta"s Criteria For Severe Aplastic Anemia?

( Hyun Hwa Yoon1 ),( Sung Hyun Kim1 ),( Ji Hyun Lee ),( Seok Jae Huh ),( Suee Lee ),( Sung Yong Oh ),( Hyuk Chan Kwon ),( Hyo Jin Kim ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.-

Three-Dimensional Z-Plasty(Yoon's Method)를 이용한 내안각 췌피 성형술

박흥식,김우신,윤진호,나민화,김한중 대한미용성형외과학회 1997 Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Vol.3 No.1

The presence of epicanthal folds in Asian eyelids is one of their unique features, in combination with the lack of supratarsal folds. Western culture has influenced many people to prefer to eliminate the prominent epicanthal fold. A number of surgical techniques have been suggested for their correction. However, difficulty with design, excessive and prominent scarring of medial canthal and nasal area, recurrence, and rigidity of application are potential problems associated with many procedures. This paper describes a epicanthoplasty with three-dimensional Z-plasty. Through epicanthal fold incision, the medial canthal tendon is medially advanced and sutured to the periosteum of nasal bone. After the transposition of the flaps, trimming of the flap is usually required. Three-dimensional Z-plasty creates the attractive eyes. From March, 1995 to March, 1997, the technique was applied to 37 patients with epicanthal fold and was performed with or without double-fold operation. There were 34 females and 3 males with ages ranging from 17 to 30 years. Through 2 years follow-up, this technique has delivered esthetically good results with minimal postoperative scar and could made the reduction of ICD from 40 ± 2.13 mm to 34 ± 1.98 mm. The advantages of epicanthoplasty procedure using three-dimensional Z-plasty(Yoon's method) are as follows; 1) simple in design 2)minimal postoperative scar in the medial canthal area 3) versatile in its application 4) no recurrence 5) no hypertrophic scar 6) preserving ethnic identity.

SWMM 과 희귀분석법에 의한 유역의 오염부하량 산정 비교

윤춘경(Chun Gyeong Yoon),전지홍(Ji Hong Jeon),함종화(Jong Hwa Ham) 한국물환경학회 2001 한국물환경학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Rating curve method and SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) were applied to estimate pollution loading from Hwa-Ong watershed in Kyunggi-Do. Sampling data from monitored sites were used to derive rating curves and calibrate SWMM, and they were applied to the whole watershed including non-monitored subcatchments. Overall, the results from these methods were comparable and the loadings were in the same range and the difference was acceptable considering complicated natural pollutant loading processes. However, inconsistency was observed among the subcatchments. The pollutant loading estimates from two subcatchments with similar area were almost identical in rating curve methods, while the difference was significant in SWMM methods. Rating curve method can be a reliable tool to estimate pollutant loading from watershed if it is fully monitored, but it may generate large error during extrapolation to non-monitored area. SWMM is a comprehensive hydrologic model with great diversity that it can incorporate watershed characteristics like land use effects which is not available in rating curve methods. Therefore, it is recommended to use reasonable watershed model rather than rating curve and unit loading methods for the estimation of pollutant loading from watershed

아산시 송악저수지의 수질오염 현황 및 부영양화 저감방안 연구

손부순,염윤기,이종화,장봉기,박종안 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.4 No.2

This study was conducted to estimate the water pollution load, water quantity and quality of inflow stream, status of water pollution and reduction of eutrophication in the Song-ak lake in Asan city. Inflow of branch to Song-ak lake has three streams, one is Eu-gok stream which has the most width of inflow area and another is Dong-hwa stream and the other is Ma-gok stream. The sampling numbers for water quality are 30 points from the sediment of bottom in the Song-ak lake from June, 1997 to ay, 1998. Water quality had been tested for water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen(DO), chemical oxygen demand(COD), suspended solid(SS), total nitrogen(T-N), total phosphorus(T-P), colony numbers of E. coli, chlorophyll-α. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus and heavy metals(Fe, Pb, Cd) were analyzed by the migration test of the sediment. The results were as follows; The rate of water pollution by the livestock wastewater of the total water pollution load for BOD, SS, T-N and T-P were 59.8%, 82.9%, 56.1% and 90.6%, respectively. Mean daily inflow was 25,369m3. Quantity of inflow was highest at Eu-gok stream. The mean levels of pH, DO, COD, SS, T-N, and colony numbers of E. coli of the inflow water were 7.52, 10.25mg/ℓ, 2.12 mg/ℓ, 3.03 mg/ℓ, 2.25 mg/ℓ, 0.11 mg/ℓ and 1,795/100㎖, respectively. The worst inflow water quality was observed at Dong-hwa stream. The mean levels of pH, DO, COD, SS, T-N, T-P, T-N/T-P and colony numbers of E. coli at Song-ak lake were 8.06, 9.32mg/ℓ, 6.83 mg/ℓ, 4.78 mg/ℓ, 1.66 mg/ℓ, 0.115 mg/ℓ, 20.75 and 64/100㎖, respectively. these are higher than class IV by environmental water quality standards for lake. Mean level of trophic state index was 59.4. The mean levels of T-N, T-P, Fe and Pb by migration test of sediment at Song-ak lake were 259.7ppm, 10.546ppm, 1,704ppm and 8.54ppm, respectively. As the water pollution was mainly caused by livestock waste, the strategy for the reduction of eutrophication of the Song-ak lake should be concentrated on the control of the livestock waste.

흑인 여성 육체의 정치성 : Ntozake Shange's for colored girls who have considered suicide when the rainbow is enuf 엔토자케 샹게의 『무지개가 뜰 때/ 자살을 생각해 본 유색소녀들을 위하여』

윤화영 釜山大學校 人文學硏究所 1998 人文論叢 Vol.52 No.1

This study investigates the refashioning of African American women's cultural and physical identity as Ntozake shange suggests to her intended audience (which is African American girls in their teens) in her choreopoem, for colored girls who have considered suicide when the rainbow is enuf. Despite her insistence that she does not write idea based works, her choreopoem is permeated with mixed ideas of feminism and postcolonialism. One of the most outstanding feature of Shange's dramaturgy in for colored ... is that she foregrounds the beauty and freedom of African American women's body on the stage through the mixed genre of dance and narration. Thus deconstructing the dominant, mind-language centered poetics of white European origin, the choreopoem's politics of the body effects a provocative and liberating counter narrative against the patriarchal and colonial discourse. If we agree with Lacan who emphasizes the importance of the image in the formation of subjectivity, of recognition/ misrecognition and identification, the proclamation of self-posession and reclamation of identity must require a newly defined positive mirror images that would repudiate the malicious images reflected in the mirror of white dominated society. Shange's choreopoem provides these new images which young African American girls can depend upon in the process of self-indentifican. To reclaim African American women's body from the white patriarchal culture, Shange reconsiders the problematic sexuality of these women. Sexuality is not only the basis of a woman's life-long sufferings. Various episodes of the choropoem imply the inseparable connections between a woman's sexual(physical) and spiritual identity. Tejumola Olaniyan's term "combat aesthetics" which is coined after Shange's borrowed term "combat breathing" from Frantz Fanon aptly summarizes Shange's literary and theatrical aesthetics in this choreopoem. The so-called "verbal gymnastics" and extensive use of African American cultural elements such as song, dance, and storytelling, together with the subversive emphasis on body and collage instead of language and linear plot development are some of the prominent characteristics of her combat aesthetics.

지역 발전을 위한 공주시 지역정보화 종합계획에 관한 연구

윤화묵,임종태 公州大學校 地域開發硏究所 1995 地域開發硏究論叢 Vol.3 No.1

Peter Barnes의 The Bewitched 硏究 : An Investigation into Its Theatricality and the Problem of Genre

尹和映 釜山大學校 1984 人文論叢 Vol.26 No.1

Peter Barnes employs diverse types of theatricality in The Bewitched. First, he make extensive use of spectacles such as show, circus, and musical to break the pretense of the fourth wall iii the theatre. Second, what the character think or imagine happens on the stage in the fashion of surrealistic or expressionistic drama. Third, the characters use words such as 'stage,' 'line,' and 'ending[of the play]' making the spectator ronscious of the theatre as theatre. Fourth, Barnes sometimes convey meaning through colours and sounds rather than through words. Fifth, there is the Barnesonian Transfer-mationalism which combines various styles, moods, and literary and artistic traditions and then switches back and forth without allowing the spectator to take anything for granted. In this way Barnes more successfully achieves Verfremdungseffekt than Brecht. In terms of genre the play has elements of the 'satiric-grotesque.' However, notwithstanding Guthke's assertion that satire and tragicomedy or grotesque are tragicomedy should be differentiated, the play also shares characteristics with modern tragicomedy in terms of theme, structure, and effect on the audience First, the play contains metaphysical anguish at the absurdity of human condition. which one seldom finds ill a satiric play. Second, as in many tragicomedies of our time the cyclic structure of the play signifies the absence of meaningful or essential change ill human condition. Third, laughter and the tragic suffering coexist in the play without generating either comic relief or tragic purgation. Fourth, the spectator who wields satiric weapon against the characters soon feels incisive irony for he realizes the punishment is on him. The only affirmation possible in this case is through the enlightening revelation that he has witnessed the dark forces that dominate his own life. To conclude then, since the play bares affinities to both 'satiric-grotesque' and modern tragicomedy, I would like to define the genre of the play as modern tragicomedy in the 'satiric-grotesque' mode.