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Dollarization or Monetary Independence? Evidence from Venezuela
Alberto José Hurtado Briceño,Sadcidi Zerpa de Hurtado,José U. Mora Mora 한국라틴아메리카학회 2019 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.32 No.4
In the theoretical debate about the benefits of rigid exchange rate regimes, dollarization stands out as a strictly fixed scheme that is used to recover the confidence in the local monetary authority, allow the reduction of inflation, and achieve price stability in countries that adopt it. Venezuela, having monetary authorities with high inflationary bias and being in a phase of instability and volatility of its productive activity, is a good candidate for dollarizing its economy. Given this possibility, this paper identifies whether dollarization is the monetary-exchange regime that currently best suits the Venezuelan economy. We perform an empirical analysis of the costs and benefits of replacing the Bolívar with the U.S. dollar. The empirical evidence tells us that dollarization in Venezuela is undesirable because the benefits in terms of economic growth and low inflation might be limited due to the high costs derived from the low correlation between macroeconomic aggregates of both countries.
The Role of Tc-99 m-MIBI Scan in the Assessment of the Cystic Thyroid Nodule
Hurtado-López Luis-Mauricio,Martínez-Duncker Carlos 대한핵의학회 2021 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.55 No.4
Purpose A non-surgical therapeutic option requires assurance that a cystic thyroid nodule with non-diagnostic cytology is benign. This work was undertaken to determine whether Tc-99 m-MIBI scan (MIBI) findings can guide the best therapeutic option with confidence. Material and Methods We studied 81 cystic non-functioning thyroid nodules with non-diagnostic fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) report classified according to ATA 2015 ultrasonography (US) patterns for suspicion of malignancy. All had a MIBI to assess metabolic activity within the nodule as well as histopathological diagnosis. Diagnostic value analysis of MIBI as compared to the US pattern was determined. Results None of the 11 patients with US pattern of benign showed positive MIBI, and all had a histopathological report of benign. Diagnostic value of MIBI on US pattern of very low suspicion showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 100%, 78.9%, 42.9%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusion Our data shows that the only approach to a safe non-surgical treatment option in a cystic nodule with nondiagnostic FNAB is when no metabolic activity is seen on MIBI.
Exploratory Tests in a Study of Translation Competence
Hurtado Albir, A.,Beeby, A.,Ferna´ndez Rodri´guez, M.,Fox, O.,Neunzig, W.,Orozco, M.,Presas, M.,Rodri´guez Ine´s, P.,Romero, L. 한국국제회의통역학회 2002 통역과 번역 Vol.4 No.2
This article describes the instruments and experimental tasks used in exploratory tests carried out by the PACTE Group. These tests were undertaken preparatory to the final experiment designed to determine the nature of Translation Competence in written translation-the first phase of a two-phase project designed to investigate the Acquisition of Translation Competence in written translation. A general overview of the characteristics of the research project is given, followed by a description of the aims and objectives of the exploratory tests, the experimental tasks and the instruments used. Some conclusions resulting from these tests are presented.
Green Synthesis and Radial Breathing Modes in Ti Nanoparticles
R. Britto-Hurtado,M. CORTEZ-VALADEZ,Ramón A. B. Alvarez,P. Horta-Fraijo,J.-G. BOCARANDO-CHACON,R. Gamez-Corrales,A. Perez-Rodríguez,F. Martínez-Suarez,F. Rodríguez-Melgarejo,H. Arizpe-Chavez,M. FLORES 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2015 NANO Vol.10 No.5
This work presents the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles of titanium. The extract from the nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) plant was used as the redactor agent. The results of transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) show that nanoparticles have a sphere-like shape with an approximate diameter of 1 – 4 nm. The presence of Ti in these particles was corroborated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Optical properties were detected with the presence of absorption bands centered in 295 nm and 355 nm, similar to those reported in the literature. Two Raman bands centered at 359 cm-1 and 404 cm-1 were observed after the synthesis of titanium nanoparticles. Afterwards, structural and vibrational parameters of small clusters of Ti (Tin, n=3 – 13) were analyzed by the density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP level of approximation combined with the basis set LANL2DZ. Radial breathing modes (RBMs) were detected in the vibrational spectrum of each cluster, placed around 298 – 387 cm-1.
Paulina Chavez-Hurtado,Rocıo E. Gonzalez-Castaneda,Carlos Beas-Zarate,Mario E. Flores-Soto,Juan M. Viveros-Paredes 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.5
Aging is associated with detrimental cellular and cognitive changes, making it an important public health concern; yet, many of these changes may be influenced by nutritional interventions. The natural sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene (BCP) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that are mediated by cannabinoid type-2 receptor activation, and these actions promote neuroprotection in different animal models that involve a cognitive damage. Consequently, whether chronic administration of BCP might prevent the age-related cellular and cognitive damage in a model of aging induced by chronic d-galactose (GAL) consumption was assessed here. Male BALB/c mice were administered BCP (10 mg/kg, oral), GAL (300 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), or GAL+BCP, and long-term memory and cognitive flexibility were evaluated in the normal and the reverse phases of Morris water maze test. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed on prefrontal and hippocampal brain slices to detect glial acidic fibrillary protein and DNA oxidation. Although GAL administration reduced cognitive flexibility (P = .0308), this functional damage was not reversed by administering BCP. However, GAL administration also elevated the total number of astrocytes and their interactions in the hippocampus, and increasing DNA oxidation in the prefrontal cortex. BCP administration impeded the rise in the total number of astrocytes (P = .0286) and the DNA oxidation (P = .0286) in mice that received GAL. Hence, although BCP did not improve cognitive flexibility, it did produce a neuroprotective effect at the molecular and cellular level in the GAL model of aging.
Jhon A. Isaza-Hurtado,John J. Martinez,Hector A. Botero-Castro 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.3
This paper proposes a recursive solution as an estimation strategy that incorporates non-uniform sampledmeasurements for a Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Systems. The estimator is based on a modified Receding HorizonEstimator. The proposed approach allows system states to be recursively estimated, reducing estimation error byincluding measurements available at different sampling times, using a well-known structure. A discussion of theobservability of the system in the presence of non-uniform measurements and the convergence conditions of theproposed estimator are also presented. Finally, numerical simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposedestimator in comparison with a method using a Kalman filter with augmented state widely reported in the literature.
Gabriela Nicoleta Tenea,Pamela Hurtado,Clara Ortega 한국식품영양과학회 2018 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.23 No.3
The use of peptides produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as antimicrobial agents in food emerged from the increasing need of replacing chemicals with natural substances to ensure their safety and quality. A total of 30 LAB belonging to the genus Lactococcus sp. (10) and Enterococcus sp. (20) were isolated from native fruits of Ecuador subtropical rainforest. Among Lactococcus species, the isolates assigned Gt28, Gt29, and Ella8, identified as Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis with 99% identity, showing highly inhibitory potential against four food pathogens were further characterized. The treatment of cell-free supernatant with proteolytic enzymes indicated the protein nature of released components, which displayed a broad antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated the presence of lacticin 3147 gene in all isolates, lactococcin M gene in Gt28 and Gt29 but not in Ella8 and lactococcin A gene in Gt28 only. The antimicrobial activity was not linked to the presence of structural nisin gene as no amplification product was obtained. Treatment of Salmonella enterica ATCC 51741 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 at both vegetative and exponential phase of growth with the cell-free supernatant of Gt28 resulted in complete inactivation upon 3 h suggesting its bactericidal mode of action. An increment on inhibitory activity occurred when partial purified bacteriocin Gt28 was combined with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid rather than bacteriocin only, indicating that the cells were sensitized in vitro by the chelator agent acting synergistically to induce the killing of pathogenic cells.
Nagles, Edgar,Ceroni, Mario,Hurtado, John The Korean Electrochemical Society 2020 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.11 No.4
This report describes the simultaneous detection of the two dyes most commonly used in food, tartrazine (TZ) and sunset yellow (SY), based on a microcomposite of carbon paste decorated with La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>. Anodic currents for SY-TZ were observed at 0.89-1.21 V by cyclic voltammetry (CV) separated with a ΔV of 0.32 V. The increased anodic peak currents compared to that of the unmodified carbon paste electrode were almost 50 and 41% for SY-TZ, respectively. The detection limits with the optimal amount of La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> were 0.02 and 0.03 µmol/L, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) based on fifty measurements was less than 3%. The versatility and novelty of the sensor were tested with food samples containing these substances and other substances.