정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

초등 사회과 3학년 지역화 교수·학습자료개발 연구

홍기대,손정선,김언식,김용조,이광성,김경운 光州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2002 初等敎育硏究 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study is in developing locally-oriented teaching-learning materials to motivate students to effectively take part in activities using map and in improving the field work of social studies to plan a map learning and to give them the ability of practice. It represents the right order involved in teaching the activities using map after doing preceding learning : classroom, playground, and the environs of the school including to some learning methods such as a puzzle map, a correlative of learning. Field trip study planning and lesson-plan are designed in case of Sewage disposal plant, Duknam filtration plant, Bonchon industrial complex relating to field trip study. There are some effects expected which follow through this study. First, teachers are able to draw learner's interest in finding learning sources directly through the community where they live. Second, learners have active participation in class, motivation, drawing their interests through map learning by doing preceding study of learner-centered. Third, teachers can make use of it as useful tools to get high achievement goal with self-direct learning.

연접 부호화 기법에 의한 무선 ATM의 성능 개선

조성언,박기식,홍희식 順天大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.18 No.1

In this paper, we have analyzed and simulated the BER and CLP of Wireless ATM(WATM) cells adopting the concatenated FEC technique in Rician fading channel. Also, in Rician fading channel, we have contrived the performance improvement by introducing the fading compensation technique of inserting pilot symbols into the concatenated FEC. From the results, in Rician fading channel, it is known that since the superior BER performance in low ?? results in the divergence when the Viterbi decoder is conducted first, the performance difference of about 2 [dB] occurs between the theory analysis and the simulation. Besides, from the only simulation results, it is known that the system performance adopting the concatenated FEC technique by inserting pilot symbols is improved about 1 [dB] better in terms of ?? than the system performance adopting the only concatenated FEC technique.

MgCl₂溶液內에서 STS 304 HP Stainless Steel 熔接部의 破壞擧動에 對한 硏究

金永奭,丁太權,朴昌彦,洪錫柱,梁仁榮,金基玉,朴煥奎,李茂錫,曺圭宰,鄭在康 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1983 生産技術硏究 Vol.1983 No.-

This paper is based on an experiment analysing the stress corrosion cracking behaviour of welding specimens compared to that of non-welding specimens of STS 304 HP stainless steel in corrosion solution. As a corrosion condition, stainless steel has been known to be the most fragile in a solution of 42% MgCl₂heated to the boiling point, therefore the experiment was carried out in this condition. The experiment was carried out with argon gas TIG welding specimens and non-welding ones made of stainless steel plates, thickness 2mm, by tensile force. At this time, the tensile force was taken to be the value of the yield strength of the tensile test specimens divided by the safety factor of 3.0 to 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0. In this paper, the relations between Time of Initial Crack, Time of Failure, Time of Final Fracture and Crack Propagation Length were investigated and then plotted. Furthermore, the relations between Stress Intensity Factor K proposed by Irwin and the Time of Initial Crack, the Time of Failure, the Time of Final Fracture were calculated and plotted. At the last, all the relations plotted were expressed to normal equations by computer, and the equations were used to analyse the data obtained in the experiment. The conclusions obtained in this study are as follows: 1. Welding materials, compared with non-welding ones, as the Time of Initial Crack, the Time of Failure, and the Time of Final Fracture were generally very fast, appeared to be a phenomenon of unstable brittleness fracture. 2. Non-welding materials, compared with welding ones, as the safety factor was larger or the working stress was smaller, appeared to be a phenomenon that the longer had had greater durability. Therefor, welding materials must be considered enough to be used in heate affected and stress corrosion atmosphere. 3. The normal equations of the Time of Initial Crack and the variation rate to the same Stress Intensity Factor K are as follows: (A) Non-welding T =259702.4-5451.2 K+28.386 K² T = -5451.2+28.386 K (B) Welding T= -332.693+28.043 K-0.211 K² T' =28.043-0.211 K here, T; Time of Initial Crack, T'; Variation Rate of Time of Initial Crack to Stress Intensity Factor K, K ; Stress Intensity Factor.

유방암에서 bcl-2와 p53 표출에 관한 연구

김의한,김대중,강상균,양승하,홍기언 순천향의학연구소 1997 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.3 No.2

In order to observe the expression of bcl-2 and p53 protein in the 29 cases of invasive ductal carcinomas and to evaluate the correlationship between the two results, the author has carried out immunohistochemical staining with mononuclear antibodies against bcl-2 and p53. The results are obtained as follows: 1. bc1-2 showed positive reaction in normal duct, lobule and hyperplastic epithelium, and p53 showed no reaction in the same tissue. 2. In 15 cases of well differentiated type, the bc1-2 was positive in 14 cases (93%), and the p53 was positive only in 4 cases (26%). In 6 poorly differentiated type, the bcl-2 was positive in 2 cases (33%), and the p53 was positive in 3 cases (50%). The relationship between the bcl-2 and the p53 showed that in well differentiated type, bcl-2(+)/p53(-) expression was most commonly observed, while the bcl-2(-)/p53(+) expression was not seen in well differentiated type. 3. The size of tumor appeared to have no direct relationship to bcl-2 and p53 positive rate. 4. The expression of bcl-2 and p53 in intraductal carcinoma portion showed that when intraductal tumor component was positive, the invasive portion tumor cell was also positive. However the bcl-2 positive tumor cells in some intraductal component apeared to be negative in p53. Above findings showed that the bcl-2 protein was more frequently expressed in low grade lesion and the p53 protein was in high grade lesion. Also bcl-2 and p53 positive or negative findings showed different results in the same tumor cells.

Effect of Radiation Therapy on Atelectasis from Lung Cancer

홍성언(Seong Eon Hong),홍영기(Young Ki Hong) 대한방사선종양학회 1990 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.8 No.1

From January 1981 to December 1989, total 42 patients with atelectasis from lung cancer were treated with radiation therapy at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology in Kyung Hee University Hospital. The reexpansion of atelectasis after radiotherapy of the lung was evaluated retrospectively, utilizing treatment records and follow-up chest radiographs. Of the patients with non -small cell carcinoma of the ling, the respons tate was 62%(21/34). Patient with small cell carcinoma showed a 75%(6/8) response rate. There appears to be some evidence of a relationship of total tumor dose versus response of atelectasis; radiation dose over 40 Gy (1337 ret), had a favorable effect on the rate of response compared with that below 40 Gy (1297 ret), 70%(21/30) and 50%(6/12), respectively(p<0.01). Total response rate(partial and complete responses) of all patients was 64% (27/42). Franction size was not contributed to the difference of response rates between small fraction (180~200 cGy) and large fraction (300 cGy), 53%(14/22) and 65%(13/20), respectively. The results of this study suggest that radiation therapy has a definite positive role in management of atelectasis caused by lung cancer, especially in inoperable non-small cell carcinoma. 981년부터 1989susRK지 경희대학 부속병원 치료방사선과에서 무기폐를 동반한 폐암으로 방사선 치료를 받은 환자중, 과거력상 폐절제술, 항암요법, 방사선치료등의 기왕력이 있는 환자를 제외한 42명을 대상을 치료성적을 분석하였다. 1. 비소세포성 폐암은 62%(21/34), 소세포성 폐암은 75%(6/8)d[사 각각 무기폐가 방사선 치료후 재팽창 되었으며, 전체 환자의 64%(27/42)에서 부분 또는 완전반응(reepansion)을 나타내었다. 2. 방사선 총선량이 40 Gy (1297 ret) 이하와 40Gy (1337ret) 이상인 군에서 반응은 각각 50% (6/12)와 70%(21/30)이 었으며, 총선량과 무기폐 반응사이에는 유의한 관계가 있었다(p<0.01). 3. 분할조사선량에 따른 반응율은 소선량(180~200cGy)에서는 50%(14/22), 대선량(300cGy)에서는 65%(13/20)이었다. 4. 이상의 성적으로 보아 무기폐를 동반한 폐암 환자중에서, 특히 수술과 항암요법으로 치료가 곤란하고 조속한 처치를 요하는 비소세포성 폐암에서 방사선 치료의 중요한 역할이 확인되었다.

Formalin Pretreatment Attenuates Tail-Flick Inhibition Induced by β-Endorphin Administered Intracerebroventricularly or Intrathecally in Mice

Ki-Jung Han,Seong-Soo Choi,Eon-Jeong Shim,Young-Jun Seo,Min-Soo Kwon,Jin-Young Lee,Han-Kyu Lee,Hong-Won Suh 대한약학회 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.2

We examined the effect of the subcutaneous (s.c.) pretreatment of formalin into both hind paws of mice on the antinociception induced by the intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) or intrathecally (i.t.) administration of β-endorphin using the tail-flick test. Pretreatment with formalin (5%) for 5 h had no affect on the i.c.v. administered β-endorphin-induced tail-flick response. However, pretreatment with formalin for 40 h attenuated the tail-flick inhibition induced by i.c.v. administered β-endorphin. This antinociceptive tolerance to i.c.v. β-endorphin continued up to 1 week, but to a lesser extent. Pretreatment with formalin for 5 and 40 h significantly reduced the i.t. β-endorphin-induced inhibition of the tail-flick response, which continued up to 1 week. The s.c. formalin treatment increased the hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA level at 2 h, but this returned to the basal level after 40 h. Our results suggest that the increase in the POMC mRNA level in the hypothalamus appears to be involved in the supraspinal or spinal β-endorphin-induced antinociceptive tolerance in formalin-induced inflammatory pain.

Development of a Multipole Wiggler at the PLS

Hong-Gi Lee,Dong-Eon Kim,Chin-Wha Chung,Hong-Sik Han,Hyung-Suck Suh,Ki-Hyeon Park,Woul-Woo Lee,Young-Kyu Jung 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.48 No.4

The Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) has developed and installed a multipole wiggler (MPW14) to utilize high-energy synchrotron radiation at the Pohang Light Source (PLS). The MPW14 is a hybrid-type device with a period of 14 cm, a minimum gap of 14 mm, a maximum flux density of 2.02 Tesla, and a total magnetic structure length of 2056 mm. The peak flux density is higher compared to other wigglers with similar pole gaps and periods. The high peak flux density is achieved by using advanced new magnetic materials and by using 3-dimensional finite element (FEM) codes to optimize the magnetic geometry. Also, the optimal support positions on the backing beam and the compensation spring systems are determined to minimize the structure deformations. In this article, all the developments efforts for the PLS MPW14 wiggler are described.

Studies on the Induced Magnetic Anisotropy by Magnetic Annealing for Permalloy Thin Film

Eon Byeong Park,Sung Uk Jang,NoKeun Park,Ji Hong Kim,Ki Hoon Park,Soon-Ju Kwon 한국자기학회 2008 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-

Lower Hole-injection Barrier between Pentacene and HDT-modified Gold with Lowered Work Function

Ki Pyo Hong,Jong Won Lee,Sang Yoon Yang,Kwonwoo Shin,Hayoung Jeon,Se Hyun Kim,Chan Eon Park 한국고분자학회 2006 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2006 No.10