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Yang, Heejung,Kim, Hyun Woo,Kim, Young Choong,Sung, Sang Hyun Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2017 Pharmacognosy magazine Vol.13 No.49
<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>It is well known that the naturally occurring modified triterpenes in plants have a wide diversity of chemical structures and biological functions. The lupane-, oleanane-, and ursane-type triterpenes are the three major members of natural triterpenes with a wide range of biological properties. A systematic approach is necessary to review their structures and biological activities according to the backbones and the different substituents.</P><P><B>Objective:</B></P><P>Thirty lupane-(L1-7), oleanane-(O1-14), and ursane-type (U1-9) triterpenes with structural diversity were examined to evaluate their cytotoxic activities against two cancer cell lines, human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and AGS cells.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods:</B></P><P>They were isolated from <I>Hedera helix</I>, <I>Juglans sinensis</I>, and <I>Pulsatilla koreana</I> using a series of column chromatography methods and were treated to evaluate their cytotoxic activities against HepG2 and AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cell. Further, two triterpenes showing the most potent activities were subjected to the apoptotic screening assay using flow cytometry.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>The polar groups, such as an oxo group at C-1, a free hydroxyl at C-2, C-3, or C-23, and a carboxylic moiety at C-28, as well as the type of backbone, explicitly increased the cytotoxic activity on two cancer cells. O5 and U5 showed significantly the potent cytotoxic activity in comparison to other glycosidic triterpenes. In annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) staining assay, the percentage of late apoptosis (annexin-V+/PI+) 12 and 24 h after treatment with O5 and U5 at 25 μM increased from 14.5% to 93.1% and from 46.4% to 49.1%, respectively, in AGS cells. The cytotoxicity induced by O5 showed a significant difference compared to U5 for 12 and 24 h.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>In the study, we can suggest the potent moieties which influence their cytotoxic activities against two cancer cells. The polar groups at C-1, C-2, C-3, C-23, and C-28 and the linkage of sugar moieties influenced the different cytotoxic activities.</P><P><B>SUMMARY</B></P><P><P>Thirty naturally occurring oleanane-, ursane-, and lupane-type triterpenes were isolated from <I>Hedera helix</I>, <I>Juglans sinensis</I>, and <I>Pulsatilla koreana</I></P><P>An oxo, a free hydroxyl, a carboxylic moiety, and the types of aglycone influenced the cell cytotoxicity</P><P>Corosolic acid and α-hederin showed the most potent cytotoxicity via apoptosis.</P></P> >[FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Heejung Byun,Tae-Hyun Kim 한국인사ㆍ조직학회 2013 한국인사ㆍ조직학회 발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.1
Drawing from the social movement perspective of corporate governance, we explore the underlying dynamics of agency conflict between controlling shareholders and minority shareholders, namely principal-principal agency problem. We argue that tunneling of resources from publicly traded firms to business group affiliates could be used as a device of minority shareholder expropriation and show how it is guided by motives of controlling families. In response, we explore how minority shareholder activism acts as a possible means through which minority shareholder accesses corporate governance in order to alleviate the principal-principal agency problem. Using rich related party transactions data of inter-firm purchases, sales, debts, and loans within Korean business groups, we examine how and why controlling shareholders in publicly traded firms wield their power over the firms and shift resources out from the firms to generate private benefit. We show how minority shareholder movement gained its presence in Korea and test the efficacy of minority shareholder activism in reducing related party transactions.
Heejung Yang,Jeom Yong Kim,Sun Ok Kim,Young Hyo Yoo,Sang Hyun Sung 고려인삼학회 2014 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.38 No.3
Background: Ginsenosides, the major ingredients of Panax ginseng, have been studied for many decades in Asian countries as a result of their wide range of pharmacological properties. The less polar ginsenosides, with one or two sugar residues, are not present in nature and are produced during manufacturing processes by methods such as heating, steaming, acid hydrolysis, and enzyme reactions. ¹H-NMR and <SUP>13</SUP>C-NMR spectroscopic data for the identification of the less polar ginsenosides are often unavailable or incomplete. Methods: We isolated 21 compounds, including 10 pairs of 20(S) and 20(R) less polar ginsenosides (1-20), and an oleanane-type triterpene (21) from a processed ginseng preparation and obtained complete ¹H-NMR and <SUP>13</SUP>C-NMR spectroscopic data for the following compounds, referred to as compounds 1-21 for rapid identification: 20(S)-ginsenosides Rh2 (1), 20(R)-Rh2 (2), 20(S)-Rg3 (3), 20(R)-Rg3 (4), 6´-O-acetyl-20(S)-Rh2 [20(S)-AcetylRh2] (5), 20(R)-AcetylRh2 (6), 25-hydroxy-20(S)-Rh2 (7), 25-hydroxy-20(S)-Rh2 (8), 20(S)-Rh1 (9), 20(R)-Rh1 (10), 20(S)-Rg2 (11), 20(R)-Rg2 (12), 25-hydroxy-20(S)-Rh1 (13), 25-hydroxy-20(R)-Rh1 (14), 20(S)-AcetylRg2 (15), 20(R)-AcetylRg2 (16), Rh4 (17), Rg5 (18), Rk1 (19), 25-hydroxy-Rh4 (20), and oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (21).
Yang, Heejung,Yoo, Guijae,Kim, Hye Seong,Kim, Jeom Yong,Kim, Sun Ok,Yoo, Young Hyo,Sung, Sang Hyun American Chemical Society 2012 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.60 No.47
<P>Two ginsenoside derivatives (<B>9</B>, <B>10</B>) along with 10 known ginsenosides (<B>1</B>–<B>8</B>, <B>11</B>, and <B>12</B>) were isolated from BST204, which is a crude ginseng extract fermented by enzyme and acid hydrolysis. The two ginsenosides were determined as 12β,20(<I>S</I>),25-trihydroxydammara-3-<I>O</I>-β-<SMALL>d</SMALL>-glucopyranoside (<B>9</B>) and 12β,20(<I>R</I>),25-trihydroxydammara-3-<I>O</I>-β-<SMALL>d</SMALL>-glucopyranoside (<B>10</B>). Compounds <B>1</B>–<B>12</B> were categorized into stereoisomeric pairs differentiated by <I>R</I>- or <I>S</I>-configuration at C-20, the number or position of sugar residues at C-3 or C-6, and the type of derivative at C-21. Their structure–activity relationship was evaluated by the cell viability assay using HSC-T6 cells. Results showed that 20(<I>S</I>) (<B>3</B> > <B>4</B>, <B>7</B> > <B>8</B>, and <B>9</B> > <B>10</B>), a 2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyl moiety at C-21 (<B>3</B>, <B>7</B> > <B>9</B>), and the number of sugar residues at C-3 (<B>3</B> > <B>7</B>) significantly affected the antiproliferative activity on HSC-T6 cells. The inhibition of the cell proliferation of compound <B>3</B> was assessed by annexin-V/PI staining analysis using flow cytometry.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2012/jafcau.2012.60.issue-47/jf303714c/production/images/medium/jf-2012-03714c_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jf303714c'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Yang, Heejung,Lee, Dong Young,Jeon, Minji,Suh, Youngbae,Sung, Sang Hyun 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.5
Five active compounds, chlorogenic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, jaceosidin, and eupatilin, in Artemisia princeps (Compositae) were simultaneously determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography connected to diode array detector. The morphological resemblance between A. princeps and A. capillaris makes it difficult to properly identify species properly. It occasionally leads to misuse or misapplication in Korean traditional medicine. In the study, the discrimination between A. princeps and A. capillaris was optimally performed by the developed validation method, which resulted in definitely a difference between two species. Also, it was developed the most reliable markers contributing to the discrimination of two species by the multivariate analysis methods, such as a principal component analysis and a partial least squares discrimination analysis.
Chae, Heejung,Kim, Deokhoon,Yoo, Changhoon,Kim, Kyu-pyo,Jeong, Jae Ho,Chang, Heung-Moon,Lee, Sang Soo,Park, Do Hyun,Song, Tae Jun,Hwang, Shin,Kim, Ki-Hun,Song, Gi-Won,Ahn, Chul Soo,Lee, Jae Hoon,Hwang Elsevier 2019 European journal of cancer Vol.120 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>In biliary tract cancer (BTC), standard chemotherapy has limited benefit and no molecular targeted agents have been approved. This study investigated the genetic profile of BTC to identify potential new therapeutic targets and predictive biomarkers.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Targeted exome sequencing was performed for 124 patients with BTC [gallbladder cancer (GBC), 25; intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), 55; extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC), 44]. Survival analysis was performed in 112 patients who received palliative chemotherapy for locally unresectable or metastatic disease.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Genetic alterations were observed in 104 patients (83.8%); the most commonly mutated genes were <I>TP53</I> (44.4%), <I>KRAS</I> (29.0%), <I>ARID1A</I> (12.1%) and <I>IDH1</I> (9.7%). <I>IDH1/2</I> mutations appeared more frequently in ICC (23.6%, P = 0.0002) than in GBC (4.0%) or ECC (2.3%), while <I>ERBB2</I>/<I>3</I> mutations were found only in GBC (20.0%) and ECC (11.4%). Patients harbouring <I>TP53</I> mutations had shorter overall survival (OS; median 15.2 vs. 37.8 months, <I>P</I> = 0.018), while <I>IDH1</I> mutations showed a tendency for longer progression-free survival (PFS; 10.6 vs. 6.1 months, <I>P</I> = 0.124). Potentially actionable genetic alterations were found in 54.8%, and 7.1% received appropriate molecular targeted therapy in the clinical trial setting. Germline or somatic mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes were found in 63.5% of patients and were significantly associated with longer PFS (6.9 vs. 5.7 months, <I>P</I> = 0.013) and OS (21.0 vs. 13.3 months, <I>P</I> = 0.009) in patients who received first-line platinum-containing chemotherapies (n = 88).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>A subgroup of patients with BTC may benefit from targeted therapy by the aid of genetic information. In particular, DDR alterations may be a predictive biomarker for response to platinum-containing chemotherapy in patients with BTC.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We examined genetic landscape of biliary tract cancer with targeted sequencing. </LI> <LI> Certain genetic mutations were associated with clinical outcomes. </LI> <LI> More than half of patients harboured at least one potentially actionable alteration. </LI> <LI> DNA damage repair gene alterations were associated with a better response to platinum-based treatment. </LI> </UL> </P>
06 식품의약품안전처 SESSION : 인삼 중 농약의 잔류허용기준 설정 연구
노현호 ( Hyun Ho Noh ),이재윤 ( Jae Yun Lee ),김진찬 ( Jin Chan Kim ),정혜림 ( Hye Rim Jeong ),진미지 ( Me Jee Jin ),김희정 ( Heejung Kim ),장문익 ( Moon Ik Chang ),이규식 ( Gyu Seek Rhee ),경기성 ( Kee Sung Kyung ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2014 No.-
이 연구는 5년근 인삼 및 가공품 중 tebuconazole과 trifloxystrobin의 잔류특성을 구명하고 가공계수를 산출한 결과를 바탕으로 국내 기준의 제.개정하고 Codex 및 수입국에 잔류허용기준 설정을 요청하며, 또한 사용방법에 따른 5년근 인삼 중 tolclofos-methly의 잔류특성을 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 시험농약은 tebuconazole, trifloxystrobin 및 tolclofos-methyl이었으며, 포장시험은 전국 분포도와 인삼 생산량을 고려하여 충북 증평, 충남 금산 및 경북 영주의 인삼 포장에서 수행하였다. Tolclofos-methyl의 경우 파종전 처리로 추가적인 약제처리는 없으며, 수확기에 수확하여 잔류농약을 분석할 예정이다. Tebuconazole과 trifloxystrobin은 각 포장별 처리구를 3반복 배치하였으며, 안전사용기준에 준하여 수확 21일전 10일간격으로 3회 살포한 후 수확하여 잔류농약을 분석할 예정이다. 수확한 인삼은 건삼, 홍삼 및 건삼과 홍삼의 물 및 알코올 농축액으로 조제하여 잔류농약을 분석하고 가공 전과 후의 잔류량 비를 이용하여 가공계수를 산출한 후 잔류허용기준 설정(안)을 위한 근거자료로 활용할 예정이다.