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Path Dependence in Industry-University Cooperation - In terms of Industry’s Voluntary Participation
Sang-Seol Han,Duk-Soon Yim 한국유통과학회 2018 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.9 No.3
Purpose – The Korean university education system is facing innovation and change, including cooperation between industry and university, Therefore It is important to activate the industry-university cooperation. This paper aims to demonstrate the factors that activate industry-university cooperation, particularly about the voluntary participation induction by industry and researching in path dependency perspectives. Research design, data, and methodology – The subject of this research were companies that are aware of the industry-university cooperation program. This research hypothesis is derived from the literature of previous studies of industry-university cooperation, This study have constructs that was defined operationally with reference to previous studies, this research model design to figure out structural relationship among technology leadership of university, university specialization, local network strength, fixation of local economy, recognition of path dependence, participation by industry, performance of industry-university cooperation. From 2017 July. 1 to Sept. 31, questionnaire survey targeting company staff who is involving in industry-university cooperation. 257 questionnaire survey had conducted. 249 investigated data were used for empirical analysis except wrong data. This data were used for AMOS(structural equation) & Regression statistics to verify hypothesis which developed by researcher. Results – The results of this study are as follows. First, technology leadership of universities has a significant effect on voluntary participation by industry. University specialization has significant effect on voluntary participation by industry. Second, local network strength has significant effect on voluntary participation by industry. but fixation of local economy does not affect voluntary participation by industry. Third, recognition of path dependence has moderating effect between Independent(university, company characteristics) and dependent variables(voluntary participation by industry) When recognition level of path dependence is high, preceding factors have a significant effect on voluntary participation by industry than recognition level of path dependence is low. As a result, the degree of recognition of path dependence was shown important variables that induce voluntary participation of industry for industry-university cooperation program. Conclusions – This study suggests that voluntary participation of industry is a very important factor in the achievement of industry-university cooperation. Recognition of interdependence as well as leading factors that encourage voluntary participation of industry is also just as important. If recognition of path dependence was high, Industry's voluntary participation was high.
( Sang Yeob Lee ),( Yong Jun Kim ),( Sang Hyeon Kang ),( Dong Yeol Lee ),( Duk Song Cho ),( Kyong Han Kim ),( Won Tae Chung ),( Sung Won Lee ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1
The NSAIDs and celecoxib in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis had been used for a long time.However, in vitro animal model, these drugs had been reported that inhibit PGE2 and suppressed the PGE2 production by osteoblasts is involved in the mechanism of bone resorption recently. so the influence of NSAIDs and celecoxib on the patient`s actual bone density was studied. We enrolled 445 patients (Rheumatoid arthritis 256, Osteoarthritis 189), and investigated an use of NSAIDs effects on bone mineral density. All patients included in the study of the patients receiving bisphosphonate. To evaluation of bone mineral density, the Hologic QDR dual energy x ray absorptiometry was regularly performed at intervals of one year, but one-year intervals to observe changes in bone mineral density thought to be too short observation period, two-year trend of change in bone mineral density measured. The NSAIDs administered in each of the patients and the NSAIDs have adverse effects on patients were treated on behalf of celecoxib. Both patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the average steroid prednisolone 10 mg / day was in use, the NSAIDs of the 140 people, the celecoxib was used the 116 patients. The patients with osteoarthritis did not use steroids, NSAIDs was used 106 patients, celecoxib was used 83 patients. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the average disease duration of 8 years, the average age is 70 years old and received treatment with NSAIDs or celecoxib period was an average of 4 years, in patients with degenerative arthritis, 7.8 years, 69 years old, was 3 years. During the observation period of the average change of the T-score showed increased in both groups. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis, lumbar portion of 0.11, hip portion 0.01, and patients with degenerative arthritis, lumbar portion 0.15, hip portion 0.06, were increased. Statistically in the groups with the administration of NSAIDs or celecoxib on bone mineral density did not affect. However, The use of bisposphonate was significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, the treatment of NSAIDs or celecoxib did not affect bone mineral density in rheumatoid arthritis patients or patients with degenerative arthritis.
Han, Ji Yeon,Im, Won Bin,Kim, Donghyuk,Cheong, Sang Hoon,Lee, Ga-yeon,Jeon, Duk Young The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.12
<P>A new color-tunable Eu<SUP>2+</SUP>-doped sodium aluminium silicate, Na<SUB>2−<I>x</I>−<I>y</I></SUB>Al<SUB>2−<I>x</I></SUB>Si<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>:<I>y</I>Eu<SUP>2+</SUP> (0 ≤<I>x</I>≤ 1), phosphor system was investigated as a novel candidate for phosphor-converted white light-emitting diode (LED) applications and successfully synthesized by wet chemical methods based on the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Different crystal structures and emission spectra were obtained by varying the ratio of Al to Si in the phosphor Na<SUB>2−<I>x</I></SUB>Al<SUB>2−<I>x</I></SUB>Si<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> with <I>x</I> value ranging from 0.25 to 0.55. The Na<SUB>2−<I>x</I>−<I>y</I></SUB>Al<SUB>2−<I>x</I></SUB>Si<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>:<I>y</I>Eu<SUP>2+</SUP> phosphor system emitted a maximum intensity at 470–600 nm when using a 395 nm excitation wavelength, and the emission was strongly affected by the crystal structures determined by the <I>x</I> value. Substitution of Eu<SUP>2+</SUP> affected the center wavelength and emission intensity due to changes in the crystal-field effect, which was strongly dependent on the crystal structure. The LED device exhibited an excellent color-rendering index <I>R</I><SUB>a</SUB> of 93 at a correlated color temperature of 4258 K with CIE color coordinates of (0.3629, 0.3427) under a 20 mA forward-bias current. Based on these results, we are currently evaluating the potential application of Na<SUB>2−<I>x</I>−<I>y</I></SUB>Al<SUB>2−<I>x</I></SUB>Si<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>:<I>y</I>Eu<SUP>2+</SUP> as a white-emitting UV-convertible phosphor.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A new color-tunable Eu<SUP>2+</SUP>-doped sodium aluminium silicate, Na<SUB>2−<I>x</I></SUB>Al<SUB>2−<I>x</I></SUB>Si<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> (0 ≤<I>x</I>≤ 1), phosphor system and dependency of its photoluminescence on the three different crystal structures (<I>x</I> value). <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2jm15501j'> </P>
In vitro and In vivo Evaluation of Novel Gel Formulations of Testosterone for Transdermal Delivery
Sung Koun Heo,Young Seok Cho,Sang Dae Han,Jin Kang Chang,Eun Ju Yoon,Dae Woong Ko,Chang Baeg Lim,Suk Jae Chung,Chang Koo Shim,Dae Duk Kim 韓國藥劑學會 2005 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.35 No.5