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( Ha Yan Kang ),( Won Kyung Lee ),( Yong Hyun Kim ),( Byung Woon Kwon ),( Myung Soo Kang ),( Suk Bae Kim ),( Ii Han Song ) 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.2
Duodenal varices result from retroperitoneal portosystemic shunts that usually come from the pancreaticoduodenal vein and drain into the inferior vena cava. Because they are a rare but fatal cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, a prompt hemostatic intervention is mandatory. A 62-year-old man who had a history of excessive alcohol consumption presented with massive hematemesis and melena. Emergent endoscopy revealed ruptured varices with an adhering whitish fibrin clot on the postbulbar portion of the duodenum. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated a cirrhotic liver with venous collaterals around the duodenum and extravasated contrast in the second and third portions. The collaterals originated from the main portal vein and drained via the right renal vein into the inferior vena cava. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with cyanoacrylate was successful in achieving hemostasis, and resulted in the near eradication of duodenal varices at a 6-month follow-up.
강하얀 ( Ha Yan Kang ),라성수 ( Sung Soo La ),공재환 ( Jae Hwan Kong ),이상석 ( Sang Seok Lee ),백두산 ( Doo San Baek ),임상수 ( Sang Soo Lim ),신기철 ( Ki Chul Shin ),신현덕 ( Hyun Duk Shin ),윤세영 ( Se Young Yun ),김석배 ( Suk 대한소화기학회 2008 대한소화기학회지 Vol.52 No.6
목적: 간의 국소결절과형성(FNH)은 간세포암종이나 간선종과 같은 수술 치료를 요하는 간내 종괴와 감별을 요하는 양성 종양 중 하나이다. 저자들은 국내에서 보고된 증례들을 통해 FNH의 임상, 영상의학 및 병리 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 인터넷 사이트 "http://koreamed.org"에서 "focal nodular hyperplasia"와 "liver"를 검색용어로 하여 간내 FNH을 검색하였다. 1997년부터 최근까지 검색된 17편의 논문에 발표된 증례 37예와 본원에서 경험한 1예 등 총 38예를 대상으로 하였다. 결과: 국내에서 보고된 FNH 총 38예의 발생 연령은 평균 34세(재태 36주-67세)였으며 남녀 성비는 1.2:1 (21예:17예)이었고 17명의 여성은 모두 경구 피임제를 복용한 병력이 없었다. 18예(47.4%)에서 무증상으로 우연히 발견되었으며, 증상이 있어 검사를 시행한 경우는 20예(52.6%)였으며 동반된 증상으로는 심와부 통증이 제일 많았고, 복부 종괴, 전신 쇠약, 오심 및 구토, 식욕부진 및 황달 등의 순이었다. 결절의 평균크기는 3.9 cm (0.5-16 cm)였으며 32예(84.2%)에서 단일결절을 보였다. 초음파검사에서는 55% (11/20)에서 저에코 결절로 보였다. 컴퓨터단층촬영에서는 85% (34/40)에서 동맥기에 조영증강되는 소견을 보였으나 지연영상에서는 다양하게 나타났다. 자기공명영상의 T1 강조영상에서 저신호 강도를 보인 경우는 60% (18/30), T2 강조영상에서 고신호 강도를 보인 경우는 73.3% (22/30)였다. 간동맥 조영술은 10예에서 시행되었으며 6예에서 고혈관 종괴를 나타냈다. 외과 절제를 시행한 20예 중 육안 소견이 확인된 13예에서 피막 형성을 동반하지 않은 경계가 명확한 결절이 관찰되었으며, 이 중 8예에서 중심부별모양 반흔이 확인되었다. 병리 소견에서는 비정상적인 결절과 섬유 격막이 관찰되었고 섬유 격막에는 혈관 및 쓸개세관 증식을 포함하는 전형적인 형태가 대부분이었다. 결론: 국내에서 보고된 간내 FNH은 기존의 역학 및 임상양상에 대한 보고와 비교하여 성비, 임상 증상, 경구용 피임약 복용 여부 등에서 차이를 보이고 있다. 하지만 국내에서 보고된 증례가 많지 않고 그 임상정보가 한정되어 있으며 비전형적인 임상상을 보이는 예가 많이 포함되어 있어 추후 전국적 임상 조사를 통한 전향 분석이 필요하리라 생각한다. Background/Aims: Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is mandatory to be differentiated from other hepatic tumorous conditions such as hepatocellular carcinoma and adenoma. The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical, radiological and pathological features of FNH cases reported in Korea. Methods: We have searched the journals from the web site "http://koreamed.org" using keywords "focal nodular hyperplasia" and "liver"-total of 38 cases of FNH, 37 cases from 17 published articles and one case from our experience confirmed histologically, were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Thirty eight cases were diagnosed between gestational age of 36 weeks and 67 years. Seventeen female patients (45%) had no history of taking oral contraceptives. Twenty cases (52.6%) experienced clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain and palpable mass. Computed tomography revealed contrast-enhancement in 34 nodules (85%) and typical central stellate scar in 9 (22.5%) of 40 nodules. Magnetic resonance imaging showed T1 weighted low signal in 18 (60%) and T2 weighted high signal in 22 (73.3%) of 30 nodules. Six (60%) of 10 cases showed hypervascular staining on hepatic angiography. Among 38 cases, 32 (84.2%) cases had single nodule and their mean size was 3.9 cm (0.5-16 cm). Pathologically, fibrous septa, proliferation of bile ductules and arterial wall thickening were seen in most cases. Conclusions: Of all the FNH cases reported in Korea, there were some differences in clinical aspects of sex ratio, accompanying clinical symptoms, and relationship with oral contraceptives, compared with previous reports. Further prospective studies are needed by means of nation-wide clinical survey and analysis.
Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Lee, Young Joo,Lee, Tae Hun,Lee, Choong Hyun,Cho, Jun Hwi,Kim, Myong Jo,Kim, Tae Young,Kang, Il-Jun,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Neurochem Res Vol.37 No.5
<P>In the present study, we compared the immunoreactivities and levels of Trx/prx redox system, thioredoxin 2 (Trx2), thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2) and peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3), as well as neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region between the adult and young gerbil after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. At 4 days post-ischemia, pyramidal neurons (about 90%) in the adult stratum pyramidale of the CA1 region showed 'delayed neuronal death (DND)'; however, at this time point, few pyramidal neurons showed DND in the young stratum pyramidale. At 7 days post-ischemia, about 56% of pyramidal neurons showed DND in the young stratum pyramidale. The immunoreactivities of all the antioxidants in the young sham-group were similar to those in the adult sham-group. At 4 days post-ischemia, the immunoreactivity of TrxR2, not Trx2 and Prx3 in the adult ischemia-group was dramatically decreased in CA1 pyramidal neurons. At this time point, the immunoreactivities of all the antioxidants in the young ischemia-group were apparently increased compared to the adult ischemia-group. From 7 days pots-ischemia, non-pyramidal cells showed the immunoreactivities of all the antioxidants in the ischemic CA1 region; however, in the young ischemia-groups, the immunoreactivities were much lower than those in the adult ischemia-groups. In brief, our results showed that the immunoreactivities of Trx2, TrxR2 and Prx3 were dramatically increased in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the young ischemia-groups at 4 days post-ischemia compared to those in the adult ischemia-groups induced by transient cerebral ischemia.</P>
Gut microbiota-generated metabolites: missing puzzles to hosts’ health, diseases, and aging
( Yan Zhang ),( Shibo Wei ),( Hang Zhang ),( Yunju Jo ),( Jong-sun Kang ),( Ki-tae Ha ),( Jongkil Joo ),( Hyun Joo Lee ),( Dongryeol Ryu ) 생화학분자생물학회 2024 BMB Reports Vol.57 No.5
The gut microbiota, an intricate community of bacteria residing in the gastrointestinal system, assumes a pivotal role in various physiological processes. Beyond its function in food breakdown and nutrient absorption, gut microbiota exerts a profound influence on immune and metabolic modulation by producing diverse gut microbiota-generated metabolites (GMGMs). These small molecules hold potential to impact host health via multiple pathways, which exhibit remarkable diversity, and have gained increasing attention in recent studies. Here, we elucidate the intricate implications and significant impacts of four specific metabolites, Urolithin A (UA), equol, Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and imidazole propionate, in shaping human health. Meanwhile, we also look into the advanced research on GMGMs, which demonstrate promising curative effects and hold great potential for further clinical therapies. Notably, the emergence of positive outcomes from clinical trials involving GMGMs, typified by UA, emphasizes their promising prospects in the pursuit of improved health and longevity. Collectively, the multifaceted impacts of GMGMs present intriguing avenues for future research and therapeutic interventions. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(5): 207-215]
Ha Choi, Ji,Wah Yee, Sook,Kim, Mee J.,Nguyen, Loan,Ho Lee, Jeong,Kang, Ji-One,Hesselson, Stephanie,Castro, Richard A.,Stryke, Doug,Johns, Susan J.,Kwok, Pui-Yan,Ferrin, Thomas E.,Goo Lee, Min,Black, B Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2009 Pharmacogenetics and genomics Vol.19 No.10
OBJECTIVES: Human multidrug and toxin extrusion member 1, MATE1 (SLC47A1), plays an important role in the renal and biliary excretion of endogenous and exogenous organic cations including many therapeutic drugs. In this study, we characterized the transcriptional effects of five polymorphic variants and six common haplotypes in the basal promoter region of MATE1 that were identified in 272 DNA samples from ethnically diverse US populations. METHODS: We measured luciferase activities of the six common promoter haplotypes of MATE1 using in-vitro and in-vivo reporter assays. RESULTS: Haplotypes that contain the most common variant (mean allele frequency in four ethnic groups: 0.322), g.–66T>C, showed a significant decrease in reporter activities compared to the reference. Two transcription factors, activating protein-1 (AP-1) and activating protein-2 repressor (AP-2rep), were predicted to bind to the promoter in the region of g.–66T>C. Results from electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the g.–66T allele, exhibited greater binding to AP-1 than the g.–66C allele. AP-2rep inhibited the binding of AP-1 to the MATE1 basal promoter region, and the effect was considerably greater for the g.–66T>C. These data suggest that the reduced transcriptional activity of g.–66T>C results from a reduction in the binding potency of the transcriptional activator, AP-1, and an enhanced binding potency of the repressor, AP-2rep to the MATE1 basal promoter region. Consistent with the reporter assays, MATE1 mRNA expression levels were significantly lower in kidney samples from individuals who were homozygous or heterozygous for g.–66T>C in comparison with samples from individuals who were homozygous for the g.–66T allele. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the rate of transcription of MATE1 is regulated by AP-1 and AP-2rep and that a common promoter variant, g.–66T>C may affect the expression level of MATE1 in human kidney, and ultimately result in variation in drug disposition and response.
Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, In Hye,Shin, Bich Na,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Lee, Deuk-Sik,Kim, Myong Jo,Kang, Il-Jun,Won, Moo-Ho Springer-Verlag 2012 Experimental brain research Vol.223 No.2
<P>Tetanus toxin (TeT) is an exotoxin and has a capacity for neuronal binding and internalization. In the present study, we compared changes in the immunoreactivities and protein levels of interleukin (IL-) 2 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and IL-4 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the hippocampus proper (HP) and dentate gyrus (DG) after systemic treatment of 10 or 100?ng/kg TeT into mice. In this study, we could not find any neuronal damage or loss in any subregions of the hippocampus after TeT treatment. In the control groups, strong IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the stratum pyramidal (SP) of the HP and in the granule cell layer (GCL) of the DG. At 6?h post-treatment, IL-2 immunoreactivity was hardly detected in the SP and GCL; however, strong IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the stratum oriens of the HP in both the groups. Thereafter, intermediate IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the SP and GCL. On the other hand, intermediate IL-4 immunoreactivity was detected in the SP and GCL of the control groups. At 6?h post-treatment, IL-4 immunoreactivity in the SP and GCL was apparently increased. Thereafter, IL-4 immunoreactivity was lower than that at 6?h post-treatment. In brief, IL-2 and 4 immunoreactivities were easily detected in SP and GCL in the controls and dramatically decreased and increased at 6?h post-treatment, respectively.</P>
Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Chen, Bai Hui,Cho, Jeong-Hwi,Kim, In Hye,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Lee, Jae-Chul,Hwang, In Koo,Cho, Jun Hwi,Lee, Yun Lyul,Kang, Il-Jun,Won, Moo-Ho Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2014 Neural regeneration research Vol.9 No.19
<P>Long-term administration of scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, can inhibit the survival of newly generated cells, but its effect on the proliferation, differentiation and migration of nerve cells in the adult mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus remain poorly understood. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry and western blot methods to weekly detect the biological behaviors of nerve cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult mice that received intraperitoneal administration of scopolamine for 4 weeks. Expression of neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN; a neuronal marker) and Fluoro-Jade B (a marker for the localization of neuronal degeneration) was also detected. After scopolamine treatment, mouse hippocampal neurons did not die, and Ki-67 (a marker for proliferating cells)-immunoreactive cells were reduced in number and reached the lowest level at 4 weeks. Doublecortin (DCX; a marker for newly generated neurons)-immunoreactive cells were gradually shortened in length and reduced in number with time. After scopolamine treatment for 4 weeks, nearly all of the 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled newly generated cells were located in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, but they did not migrate into the granule cell layer. Few mature BrdU/NeuN double-labeled cells were seen in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. These findings suggest that long-term administration of scopolamine interferes with the proliferation, differentiation and migration of nerve cells in the adult mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus, but it does not induce cell death.</P>